ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook

Transcription

1 ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March 2019

2 Acknowledgements CFE-DM would like to thank the following organizations for their support in reviewing and providing feedback to this document: Dr. Sithu Pe Thein (ASEAN Secretariat) Pauline Caspellan (International Federation of the Red Cross) Cover and section photo credits Cover Photo: ASEAN Ten Member Flags: ASEAN Ten Member Flags. Photo by istock Getty Images. ASEAN Governing Bodies Section Photo: Brunei-ASEAN Member State Exterior of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque Brunei by bvi4092 is licensed under CC BY 2.0. January 29, ASEAN Common Frameworks Section Photo: Cambodia-ASEAN Member State Angkor Wat, Cambodia. By Juan Antonia Segal. January 4, ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR Section Photo: Indonesia-ASEAN Member State Mount Bromo, Java, Indonesia by Celebrityacb is licensed under CC BY-2.0. July 7, ASEAN Member Countries Section Photo: Lao-ASEAN Member State The sun rises over Pha That Luang, Lao s national symbol, in Vientiane. By Benh Lieu Song. May 9, ASEAN Documents, Plans, Programs and Projects Section Photo: Malaysia-ASEAN Member State Skyline of Kuala Lumpur. By Maher Najm. August 1, Information Sharing Section Photo: Myanmar-ASEAN Member State The Many Thousand Temples of Bagan, Myanmar by Metamorfa Studio. Public domain mark 1.0. August 9, ASEAN Way Ahead Section Photo: Philippines-ASEAN Member State Manila_08999pp by Stefan Munder is licensed under CC BY-2.0. November 27, Conclusion Section Photo: Thailand-ASEAN Member State Wat mahathat Bangkok. By telmo32 is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0. November 24, Appendices Section Photo: Singapore-ASEAN Member State Marina Bay, Singapore by dronepicr is licensed under CC BY 2.0. July 21, Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

3 Table of Contents Welcome - Note from the Director...7 About the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance...8 Executive Summary ASEAN Governing Bodies...12 AHA Centre AHA Centre Response in ASEAN ASEAN Secretariat DMHA Division of the ASEAN Secretariat ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM) ACDM Working Groups ASEAN Common Frameworks...20 One ASEAN, One Response ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) ASEAN Vision AHA Centre Work Plan ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR...24 Tools ASEAN Disaster Management and Emergency Relief (ADMER) Fund ASEAN Development Fund (ADF) AHA Centre Fund ASEAN Emergency Response Assessment Team (ASEAN-ERAT) ASEAN Regional Disaster Emergency Response Simulation Exercise (ARDEX) ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP) ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

4 ASEAN Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise (ARF DiREx) Disaster Emergency Response Logistic System for ASEAN (DELSA) Joint Operations and Coordination Centre of ASEAN (JOCCA) SASOP ASEAN Militaries Ready Group (AMRG) ASEAN Centre for Military Medicine (ACMM) Logistics Support Framework Mechanisms Joint Task Force for HADR (JTF-HADR) ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Disaster Management (AMMDM) East Asia Summit (EAS) ASEAN Chair ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting (ADMM) and ADMM Plus ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) ASEAN Member Countries...34 Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam ASEAN Documents, Plans, Programs, and Projects...42 Information Sharing...52 ASEAN Information Sources Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

5 Risk Monitoring & Early Warning Disaster Monitoring and Response System (DMRS) WebEOC ASEAN Disaster Information Network (ADInet) ASEAN Science-based Disaster Management Platform (ASDMP) Humanitarian Information Sources Regional Information Sources US Government (USG) Information Sources DoD Information Sources ASEAN Continued Vision...62 Disaster and Climate Resilience ASEAN s International Partnerships in HADR Conclusion...66 Appendices...68 HFA Country Progress Report ASEAN Regional Progress Report on the Implementation of HFA ( ) Sendai Framework Acronyms and Abbreviations List of References for Figures and Photos References (Endnotes) List of Figures Figure 1: The Impact of Natural Disasters in the ASEAN Region in Figure 2: ASEAN Secretariat Organizational Structure Figure 3: ASEAN Related Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR Figure 4: ASEAN-ERAT Mobilization Procedure Figure 5: Impact of Natural Disasters on the ASEAN Region Figure 6: Locations of ASEAN Member States ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

6 Figure 7: ASEAN-UN Eight Priority Programmes for JSPADM III Figure 8: Programme Strategy : ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative Figure 9: CSS Framework Education Sector Policies and Plans Figure 10: Strategic Framework for IAI Workplan III Figure 11: AHA Centre Flash Updates Figure 12: AHA Centre Situation Updates Figure 13: AHA Centre Disaster Monitoring & Response System Figure 14: The ASEAN Disaster Information Network Figure 15: Disaster Management Reference Handbooks for Ten ASEAN Member States Figure 16: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction List of Tables Table 1: ACDM Working Groups and 8 Priority Programmes Table 2: Results of ASEAN Regional HFA, List of Photos Photo 1: ASEAN-ERAT Response to Sulawesi Earthquake, September Photo 2: ASEAN-ERAT Handover of ASEAN Relief Supplies for Earthquake-Affected People in Lombok, Indonesia Photo 3: ASEAN ERAT Team Response to Yangon, Myanmar April-May Photo 4: ASEAN-ERAT Team Photo 5: Responders Reacting to Regional Flooding in the Bac Lieu Province of Vietnam Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

7 Welcome - Note from the Director The Southeast Asia region and the ten countries that make up ASEAN are in many respects a dynamic and important center. These ten ASEAN countries have many differences; however, they are bound by the conviction that they can achieve more together than they can apart. Strengthening regional institutions like ASEAN is a long-term strategy, and the U.S. as well as other countries are investing in enhanced relationships with ASEAN as they are aware of the economic and strategic significance of the region. ASEAN matters to the U.S. A stable region is in America s national interest, and one of the most efficient ways to help strengthen the ASEAN region is to invest in ASEAN. ASEAN is also an important export and trading partner. 1 In building a peaceful, secure and stable region, ASEAN adopts a comprehensive approach to security which enhances the capacity to deal with existing and emerging challenges, resolving differences, and enhance maritime security and cooperation. These challenges include responding to disasters in the region. ASEAN is focused on integrating policies, capacity and institution-building, stakeholder partnerships in disaster risk reduction, humanitarian assistance, and community empowerment, among others. Integrated and inclusive approaches are an essential aspect of human security and creating ASEAN resilient communities. ASEAN Member States are located in a region most vulnerable to natural disasters. In the last decade disaster events and hazards have increased in intensity, frequency, and have become more unpredictable. Therefore, with regard to disaster response and climate change adaptation, ASEAN has had to proactively lead the way in the region by establishing structures, strategies, and mechanisms in an effort to make disaster resilient nations, and jointly respond to disaster emergencies. 2 This guide serves as an initial source of information for those individuals preparing for disaster risk reduction activities or immediate deployment to one of the ten ASEAN member states. It also provides decision makers, planners, researchers, and responders, greater insight into ASEAN frameworks, players, tools, mechanisms, and documents, thereby enhancing regional civil-military response. Sincerely, Joseph D. Martin, SES Director ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

8 Information about the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance Overview The Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DM) is a United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DoD) organization that was established by U.S. Congress in The Center is a direct reporting unit to U.S. Indo-Pacific Command and is located on Ford Island, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii. CFE-DM was founded as part of the late Senator Daniel K. Inouye s vision. The Senator had witnessed the effects of Hurricane Iniki that struck the Hawaiian Islands in 1992 and felt the civilmilitary coordination in the response could have been more effective. He set about to establish CFE-DM to help bridge understanding between civil and military responders, and to provide a DoD platform for building Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (DMHA) awareness and expertise in U.S. forces, and with partner nations in the Asia-Pacific. While maintaining a global mandate, the Asia-Pacific region is our priority of effort and collaboration is the cornerstone of our operational practice. Mission CFE-DM increases the readiness of U.S. forces, civilian and military counterparts, and international partners to respond globally to foreign humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations through Civil-Military coordination, training, information sharing, and regional planning. Vision CFE-DM exists to save lives and alleviate human suffering by connecting people, improving coordination, and building capacity. Contact Information Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance 456 Hornet Ave JBPHH HI Telephone: (808) Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

9 Disclaimer This report has been prepared in good faith based primarily on information gathered from opensource material available at the date of publication. Most of the information was from United States (U.S.) or other government sources and is thus considered to be in the public domain. Such sources include the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Factbook, U.S. Department of State (DoS), and foreign government s web pages. Where possible, a link to the original electronic source is provided in the endnote (reference) section at the end of the document. Other sources include Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) homepages, Relief Web, United Nations Development Program (UNDP) or other United Nations (UN) agency web pages, World Bank, and Asian Development Bank (ADB). While making every attempt to ensure the information is relevant and accurate, Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DM) does not guarantee or warrant the accuracy, reliability, completeness or currency of the information in this publication. Any necessary updates will be incorporated in a future version. ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was formed in It aimed to reduce regional hostilities and to prevent communism from spreading across Southeast Asia to Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Cambodia later joined ASEAN. However, those threats have changed to the threat of natural disasters. 3 These ten-member States recognize the importance of ensuring the safety of its citizens from challenges and threats. The ASEAN region is vulnerable to several natural disasters including typhoons, floods, drought, earthquakes, and volcanic eruption. ASEAN has experienced three catastrophic disasters in the past 15 years. These include the Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004), Cyclone Nargis (2008), and Typhoon Haiyan (2013). The need for a coordinated ASEAN response to major disasters in the region gained momentum after the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Because of this, regional cooperation towards addressing the rising frequency of natural disasters is of vital interest to ASEAN. ASEAN has set out to develop a regional framework covering aspects of disaster management with many tools, initiatives, platforms, and mechanisms. 4 All ten ASEAN Member States have detailed law and policy frameworks for national disaster preparedness and response; however, there are varying types of disaster response systems in ASEAN Member States. It has been an important goal of ASEAN to share implementation of the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) though identifying and analyzing them individually and regionally in order to jointly respond to disasters. 5 The adoption and implementation of AADMER has facilitated the enhancement of regional mechanisms on preparedness and response. One ASEAN, One Response was developed to build upon AADMER in order to have a collective strength of all stakeholders in ASEAN collaborating together during a natural disaster. The ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP) was created to support the abovementioned initiatives, strengthen ASEAN mechanisms, and enhance cooperation and coordination with the humanitarian community and national and international mechanisms. 6 Many of these mechanisms to improve regional arrangements for disaster relief and response are set up by the ASEAN Secretariat, the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance (AHA Centre), the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM), and other governing bodies. 7 The ASEAN Secretariat functions to provide greater efficiency in the coordination of ASEAN organs and a more effective implementation of ASEAN projects and activities. Their mission is to initiate, facilitate, and coordinate ASEAN stakeholder collaboration in realizing the purposes and principles of ASEAN as reflected in the ASEAN Charter. The ASEAN Secretariat sits on the Governing Board of the AHA Centre, and provides direct support to the Secretary-General of ASEAN. The Secretariat is also responsible in facilitating and monitoring progress in the implementation of the AADMER and its Work Program. 8 The AHA Centre was established to oversee the implementation of AADMER. The AHA Centre coordinates all operational activities under the AADMER and is the key facilitator of cooperation and coordination within ASEAN Member States during a disaster. The impact of the AHA Centre is important since they coordinate with agencies such as the United Nations and international organizations when responding to disasters in the area. 9 The AHA Centre is also responsible for mobilizing ASEAN s standby assets and personnel, such as sending relief items through the Disaster Emergency Logistic System (DELSA), and by deploying the ASEAN Emergency Response and Assessment Team (ASEAN-ERAT). 10 The ACDM is composed of National Disaster Management Organizations (NDMOs) from all 10 ASEAN Member States and the members are also the AADMER National Focal Points. 11 Natural disasters cost the ASEAN region in large numbers of fatalities and economic losses. It is important to create mechanisms for dealing with natural disasters in the Indo- Pacific Region. Regional organizations such as ASEAN are playing an evolving role in disaster response efforts. There are many resources and efforts in the region to further enhance ASEAN s humanitarian assistance and disaster response capabilities. 10 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

11 ASEAN ASEAN Governing Bodies Disaster Management Reference Handbook March 2019

12 ASEAN GOVERNING BODIES ASEAN Governing Bodies The Asia Pacific region, where the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Member States are located is the world s most vulnerable region to natural disasters. Disaster events in the region in the last decade have shown hazards to be more intense, more frequent, and more unpredictable. 12 Figure 1 depicts 2018 statistics for natural disasters in the ASEAN region. Over 1500 disasters were recorded in the region in Flood is the most common natural disaster. In order to prioritize and provide a framework for the reduction of disaster losses and enhance ASEAN s collective response to disasters, ASEAN Member States developed the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER). As a result of the AADMER, the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance (AHA Centre) on disaster management was established to facilitate the coordination of disaster management and regional response among ASEAN Member States with relevant international organizations and the United Nations. In addition to the AHA Centre, the ASEAN Secretariat, as well as the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM) are also ASEAN governing bodies which provide leadership and guidance towards fulfilling the goals and objectives of AADMER and ASEAN. Figure 1: The Impact of Natural Disasters in the ASEAN Region in Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

13 ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre) The ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre) was established in 2011 as a leading entity for facilitating cooperation and coordination within ASEAN Member States. It also liaises with important agencies such as the United Nations and other international organizations to promote regional collaboration. The governing body of the AHA Centre is composed of National Disaster Management Organizations (NDMO) representatives from all Member States. During a disaster, the AHA Centre is the first point of contact for all ASEAN Member States. 13 The AHA Centre s primary focus is to facilitate regional cooperation for disaster management, joint emergency preparedness and response, and to operationalize regional coordination mechanisms for emergency preparedness and response. After a disaster affects Southeast Asia, the AHA Centre will then relay the information by following precise communication and coordination protocols as defined by the Standard Operating Procedure for Regional Standby Arrangements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency Response Operations (SASOP). In addition, the AHA Centre can help mobilize ASEAN s standby assets and personnel, since they have the capacity to send relief items and deploy the ASEAN Emergency Response and Assessment Team (ASEAN- ERAT). During a disaster, the AHA Centre will also deploy personnel, which will become the In-Country Liaison Team (ICLT). The ICLT will coordinate with the government at the national level if needed, and if the affected Member State approves. The AHA Centre will coordinate the deployment of the ASEAN-ERAT to support the local agencies responding to the event. This process aims to increase preparedness and response capacity, while delivering humanitarian assistance through the ASEAN SASOP and/or other mechanisms. In concert with the AHA Centre, the ICLT will collect information from the affected Government, as well as other humanitarian agencies in the country and they will then provide recommendations for the Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) to revise the initial ASEAN-ERAT if need be. 14 AHA Centre Response in ASEAN The AHA Centre has responded to 21 emergency relief operations since its start in Additionally, in that time they have deployed 85 of 222 ERAT members in seven ASEAN countries. 15 Sulawesi Earthquake, Indonesia (September 2018) On September 28, 2018, a series of disasters starting when a 7.7 earthquake struck Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The earthquake was followed by a tsunami and a liquefaction phenomenon resulting in 2000 deaths, over 1,300 missing and 200,000 displaced residents of the Central Sulawesi province. The AHA Centre responded by providing full support including three groups of ASEAN-ERAT teams for a total of 29 personnel from 5 ASEAN Member States. They were tasked to set up and manage onsite Joint Operations and Coordination Centre for International Assistance (JOCCIA) and host members of the United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) Team (Photo 1). Photo 1: ASEAN-ERAT Response to Sulawesi Earthquake, September 2018 ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

14 ASEAN GOVERNING BODIES The international community partnered to provide support including air cargo capacity to transport relief items, water filtration units, family tents, generator sets, medical equipment, and environmental support for the prevention of mosquito-borne disease outbreak. Additionally, the Government of Indonesia accepted cash donations from governmental and humanitarian partners channeled through the National Disaster Management Authority (BNPB) and the Indonesian Red Cross. In less than one week, electricity, telecommunication access and access to gasoline supplies were available due to the partnership of the national taskforce. Additionally, clean-up of debris and provision of health services were reinforced through deployment of field hospitals and military vessels from neighboring provinces and national resources. 16 Lombok Earthquake, Indonesia (August 2018) Lombok, Indonesia was struck by a 6.4 earthquake on July 29, 2018 followed by over 1000 aftershocks in the following month of August. The earthquakes resulted in increasing numbers of casualties and damage to buildings and livelihoods in the region. The Indonesian National Disaster Management Authority (BNPN) contacted the AHA Centre and an ASEAN-ERAT team was deployed to the affected region. AHA Center also obtained greenlight mobilization of relief items from the ASEAN emergency stockpile in Subang, Malaysia worth approximately USD $154,438 where were delivered by chartered flight in three batches. Photo 2 shows delivery of supplies to items to Lombok. 17 assistance from the AHA Center to activate the ASEAN ERAT Team on April 27, The team arrived to assess and provide recommendations on fire control strategies and address potential environmental and public health issues (Photo 3). Additionally, the ERAT Team was able to request and provide additional resources and capacities available from other ASEAN Member States through the AHA Center to assist with the effort. By early May, 2018, the fires were brought under control and long term mitigation efforts were in place for improved waste-management systems. 18 Typhoon Damrey, Vietnam (November 2017) On November 4, 2017, the southern provinces of Vietnam were ravaged by Typhoon Damrey. Final reports identified 110 casualties, 16 people missing, 3,455 homes completely destroyed, 136,669 homes partially destroyed, and 400,000 residents in need of assistance. There was major damage to infrastructure, farming regions, coastal based industries, devastated farms, rice Myanmar Fires (April 2018) Fires caused by excessive heat on piles of non-degradable waste at the Htein Pin dump site in Western Yangon, Myanmar turned into an emergent public health situation when smoke and haze began causing acute respiratory health problems and disturbing citizens in the region in April Myanmar s Department of Disaster Management requested Photo 2: ASEAN-ERAT Handover of ASEAN Relief Supplies for Earthquake- Affected People in Lombok, Indonesia 14 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

15 Photo 3: ASEAN ERAT Team Response to Yangon, Myanmar April-May 2018 paddies, canals, and boats. The AHA Centre responded by coordinating the delivery of relief items to affected communities. Items consisted of hygiene and shelter repair kits. In addition, boat and motor rescue was provided to stranded citizens. The AHA Centre provided daily Situation Updates with regard to the event, as well as providing upto-date and relevant information. 19 Vietnam Floods (August 2017) Heavy rains fell across the provinces of northern Vietnam in August 2017 triggering flash floods and landslides. Final reports identified 27 casualties, 14 people missing, 231 homes completely destroyed, 425 homes partially destroyed and an economic loss of USD $23.5 million. Vietnam sent its first ever request to the AHA Centre on August 3, 2017 requesting support. The AHA Centre responded with relief items, deployment of the In-Country Liaison Team (ICLT) and activated DELSA to support the impacted communities. Typhoon Nock Ten, Philippines (December, 2016) On Christmas Day 2016, a typhoon passed through low lying areas of eastern Philippines stranding more than 11,000 cargo ships and vessels and displacing 383,097 people who were forced to evacuate their homes in Calabarzon, Mimaropa, Bocil and Easter Viayas. 20 ASEAN Secretariat In 1976, the Foreign Ministers of ASEAN established the ASEAN Secretariat in Jakarta, Indonesia. The functions of the ASEAN Secretariat are to provide greater efficiency in the coordination of ASEAN organs and a more effective implementation of ASEAN projects and activities. The Secretariat is also responsible for the critical functions that will keep the continuity and progress on ASEAN actions. 21 Their mission is to initiate, facilitate, and coordinate ASEAN stakeholder collaboration in realizing the purposes and principles of ASEAN as reflected in the ASEAN Charter. 22 The ASEAN Summit appoints the Secretary- General of ASEAN for a non-renewable term of five years. The Secretary-General of ASEAN is appointed based on alphabetical rotation of the ASEAN Member States. The Secretary-General of ASEAN is H. E. Dato Lim Jock Hoi from Brunei Darussalam. 23 Figure 2 outlines the ASEAN Secretariat Organizational Structure, effective 1 January DMHA Division of the ASEAN Secretariat Policy and program support in ASEAN engagements in disaster management is provided by the ASEAN Secretariat s Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (DMHA) Division. In addition, it represents the Secretariat for the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER). They are responsible for facilitating and monitoring the implementation of AADMER and its Work Plan. The ASEAN Secretariat is responsible ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

16 ASEAN GOVERNING BODIES Figure 2: ASEAN Secretariat Organizational Structure 16 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

17 for providing policy coordination support, conducting monitoring and evaluation of AADMER, and serving as Secretariat to Conference of the Parties (COP) and the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM). The ASEAN Secretariat is a member of the Governing Board of the AHA Centre. It also provides support to the Secretary-General of ASEAN by performing the responsibilities as the ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance Coordinator. 24 ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM) The ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM) is made up of NDMOs from all 10 ASEAN Member States. In addition, the ACDM members are also the AADMER National Focal Points. 25 It is the main subsidiary body that oversees the operational implementation of AADMER under the Conference of Parties, composed of ministers in charge of disaster management. ASEAN country representatives also spearhead lines of effort decided by the ACDM during the annual meeting. 26 The ACDM has the following functions: 27 Provide leadership and guidance towards fulfilling the goals and objectives of AADMER in pursuant of the vision of disaster resilient nations and safer communities within ASEAN; Initiate, direct and oversee the development, monitoring and implementation of the AADMER Work Programme and other related decisions and initiatives implemented by the respective Working Groups; Strengthen coordination with relevant ASEAN bodies to complement the implementation of disaster management activities and promote effective integration of relevant and related programmes and activities; Collaborate with ASEAN Dialogue Partners, international and multilateral agencies, civil society, academe, the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the private sector, and other relevant partners and stakeholders, to advance the objectives of AADMER; Enhance sharing of resources and information on disaster management and promote collaborative disaster research activities; Plan and coordinate all activities required for convening of meetings, in coordination with the host Member State and ASEAN Secretariat; and Present reports and provide recommendations related to AADMER and other policy and strategic issues on disaster management to the COP to AADMER and AMMDM for their consideration. ACDM Working Groups The current AADMER Work Programme comprises of 8 Priority Programmes that are implemented under the supervision of 5 ACDM Working Groups. Currently the AADMER is being drafted. Table 1 depicts the ACDM Working Groups and their respective priority programme. The ACDM Working Group on Risk Assessment and Awareness is responsible for the implementation of Priority Programme AWARE. The ACDM Working Group on Prevention and Mitigation is responsible for the implementation of Priority Programmes BUILD SAFELY, ADVANCE and PROTECT. The ACDM Working Group on Preparedness and Response is responsible for the implementation of Priority Programmes RESPOND AS ONE and EQUIP. The ACDM Working Group on Recover is responsible for the implementation of Priority Programme RECOVER. The ACDM Working Group on Knowledge and Innovations Management is responsible for the implementation of Priority Programme LEAD. 28 More information on the eight priority programmes is discussed in the ASEAN-United Nations Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management (JSPADM) located under the ASEAN Documents, Plans, Programs, and Projects section of this Handbook on page 43. The 8 Priority Programmes were developed based on: 29 An assessment of the implementation of the AADMER Work Programme ; The visioning exercise of each ACDM Working Group together with the partners; and Existing and ongoing projects under Strategy and Priorities for AADMER Work Programme Phase 2 ( ) (the 21 Concept Notes) that would be carried over in the next work programme. ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

18 ASEAN GOVERNING BODIES ACDM Working Group Risk Assessment and Awareness Priority Programme Activities Output Indicators Co Chairs: Cambodia and Philippines 1 Aware Members: Indonesia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Vietnam Prevention and Mitigation 1 Aware Co Chairs: Lao PDR and Thailand 3 Advance Members: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam 4 Protect Preparedness and Response Co Chairs: Malaysia and Singapore 6 Respond as One Members: Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Philippines, Thailand 6 Equip Recovery Co Chairs: Indonesia and Myanmar 7 Recover Members: Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR, Philippines, Thailand Knowledge and Innovations Management Co Chairs: Indonesia, Singapore, Viet Nam 8 Lead Members: Cambodia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Thailand Total Table 1: ACDM Working Groups and 8 Priority Programmes 18 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

19 ASEAN ASEAN Common Frameworks Disaster Management Reference Handbook March 2019

20 ASEAN COMMON FRAMEWORKS ASEAN Common Frameworks One ASEAN, One Response The One ASEAN, One Response vision was developed to build upon the collective ASEAN community during the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Disaster Management (AMMDM) in December ASEAN Member States endorsed the draft Declaration on One ASEAN, One Response: ASEAN Responding to Disasters as One in the Region and Outside the Region. This declaration was fully adopted in September The vision of One ASEAN, One Response is for ASEAN Member States to coordinate a collective effort in mobilizing resources for an ASEAN response, as part of international assistance from assisting Member States, the private sector, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), and the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. 30 The Declaration aims for faster response, mobilizing greater resources, and establishing a robust coordination mechanist for ASEAN to have a collective response. The Declaration focuses on binding the individual and collective strengths of different sectors, as well as with different stakeholders in ASEAN to effectively respond to disasters. In addition, the Declaration also encourages Member States to provide civilian and military capabilities to the ASEAN Standby Arrangements. Such capabilities would be sent to disaster-affected areas through the coordination of the AHA Centre. Subsequently, the ASEAN SASOP is used as a protocol under AADMER, which is the main standard operating procedure to be used for mobilization of civilian and military response. 31 ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) AADMER was signed by all 10 Member States in 2005, and entered into force in The agreement envisions disaster resilient nations and safer communities in the ASEAN region. One of the two objectives in AADMER is to jointly respond to disaster emergencies. 32 The ACDM developed the AADMER through a series of meetings following the 2004 Indonesian earthquake and tsunami. The ACDM was concerned by the increasing frequency and scale of disasters in the ASEAN region and the shortterm and long-term damage. The AADMER was created to give effect to the ASEAN Regional Programme on Disaster Management , which called for the implementation of various project proposals including the ASEAN Response Action Plan. The AADMER includes the following sections: 33 General Provisions; Disaster Risk Identification, Assessment and Monitoring; Disaster Prevent and Mitigation; Disaster Preparedness; Emergency Response; Rehabilitation; Technical Cooperation and Scientific Research; ASEAN Coordination Centre for Humanitarian Assistance; Institutional Arrangements; Procedures; and Final Clauses. ASEAN Vision 2025 ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead Together The Declaration on ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead Together is the succeeding document to the Roadmap for an ASEAN Community ( ). This Declaration is made up of the ASEAN Community Vision 2025 which includes the Political-Security Community Blueprint 2025, the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025 and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint 2025 and was established and signed by all 10 Member State heads in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on November 22, It uses the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as a complementary document aligning goals, priorities and agendas to drive the plan. 34 There is a complementariness between the ASEAN Community Vision 2025 (ASEAN Vision 2025) and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda). ASEAN Member States underlined the complementarity of these two agendas in their efforts to improve the standards of living in the region. An Analysis report was created to review the two interrelated agendas. The Report Complementarities between the ASEAN Community Vision 2025 and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable 20 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

21 Development: A Framework for Action was completed in The report describes that ASEAN Member States have made notable progress in promoting economic, social and environmental advancement. However, in order to maintain this progress and to meet the Vision 2025 and the 2030 Agenda, ASEAN countries will need to accelerate efforts. The report identifies five priority areas of complementarity to help focus interventions and proposes seven flagship initiatives that could support sustainable development priorities. The five priority areas include poverty eradication, infrastructure and connectivity, sustainable management of natural resources, sustainable production and consumption, and resilience. 35 The specifics of the individual components of ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead Together are detailed in the sections below. ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint The ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) Blueprint was adopted at the 14 th ASEAN Summit. It builds on the ASEAN Security Community Plan of Action, the Vientiane Action Programme, and other relevant decisions by ASEAN Sectoral Bodies. It provided a plan and schedule to establish the APSC by 2015 and beyond. It is an action oriented document to produce results and recognize the capacity and capability of ASEAN Member States to accommodate the specific actions in the Blueprint and integrate those activities into the respective national development plans. The ASEAN Political-Security Community Council is responsible for the implementation and coordination of efforts of the Blueprint across other Community Councils. Progress of the implementation of the Blueprint is reported annually by the Secretary-General of ASEAN to the annual ASEAN Summit and through the APSC Council. The primary aim of the Blueprint is for the APCS to bring ASEAN s political and security cooperation together. With the implementation of the Blueprint, ASEAN also strives to promote and support gender-mainstreaming, tolerance, respect for diversity, equality, and mutual understanding. Additionally, the APSC adheres to a comprehensive approach to security acknowledging combined relationships of political, economic, social-cultural, and environmental dimensions of development. It promotes renunciation of aggression and threat of force or action inconsistent to international laws and peaceful settlement of disputes. The APSC envisions the following three characteristics: A rules based community of shared values and norms; A cohesive, peaceful, stable and resilient region with shared responsibility for comprehensive security; and A dynamic and outward looking region in an increasingly integrated and interdependent world. 36 ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint (2025) The previous iteration of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint 2025 was the AEC 2015 which successfully implemented its key initiatives including the facilitation of trade and elimination of tariffs; advancing the services trade liberalization agenda; liberalizing and facilitating investments; streamlining and harmonizing capital market regulatory frameworks and platforms; facilitating skilled labor mobility; promoting the development of regional frameworks in competition policy; consumer protection and intellectual property rights; promoting connectivity; narrowing the development gap; and strengthening ASEAN s relationship with its external parties. Subsequently, the AEC Blueprint 2025 was initiated to address the evolving domestic and external environments of the ASEAN community. 37 The AEC 2025 envisions the following initiatives: Create a deeply integrated and highly cohesive ASEAN economy that would support sustained high economic growth and resilience even in the face of global economic shocks and volatilities; A more equitable/inclusive economic growth in ASEAN that narrows the development gap, eliminates/reduces poverty significantly, sustains high growth rates of per capita income, and maintains a rising middle class; Foster robust productivity growth through innovation, technology and human resource development, and intensified regional research and development that is designed for commercial application to increase ASEAN s competitive edge in moving the region up the global value chains into higher technology and knowledge-intensive manufacturing and services industries; Promote the principles of good governance, transparency, and responsive regulatory regimes through active engagement with ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

22 ASEAN COMMON FRAMEWORKS the private sector, community based organizations, and other stakeholders. Widen ASEAN people-to-people, institutional, and infrastructure connectivity through ASEAN and sub-regional cooperation projects that facilitate movement of capital as well as skilled labor and talents. Create a more dynamic and resilient ASEAN, capable of responding and adjusting to emerging challenges through robust national and regional mechanisms that address food and energy security issues, natural disasters, economic shocks and other emerging traderelated issues as well as global mega trends; Incorporate a sustainable growth agenda that promotes a science-based use of, and support for, green technology and energy; Promote the use of the ASEAN Protocol on Enhanced Dispute Settlement Mechanism (EDSM) and develop other approaches to speed up economic dispute resolution; Reinforce ASEAN centrality in the emerging regional economic architecture by maintaining ASEAN s role as the center and facilitator of economic integration in the East Asian region; and Work towards a common position and enhance ASEAN s role and voice in global economic foray. 38 ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint The initial ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) Blueprint was implemented from to formally commit to the quality of life and promote the sustainable development of the people of ASEAN. The Blueprint was effective in developing and strengthening policy frameworks and institutions to advance Human Development, Social Justice and Rights, Social Protection and Welfare, Environmental Sustainability, ASEAN Awareness, and Narrowing the Development Gap of the region. Additionally, the ASCC assisted in solidifying the commitment to legal frameworks for progress such as the Declaration on Non- Communicable Diseases in ASEAN and the Declaration on Elimination of Violence Against Women and Elimination of Violence Against Children in ASEAN. The subsequent Blueprint, the ASCC 2025, continues these strides as well as aims to deliver and fully realize human development, resiliency and sustainable development into the future. 39 The ASCC 2025 vision for the ASEAN Community has the following objectives: A committed, participative and socially responsible community through an accountable and inclusive mechanism for the benefit of all ASEAN peoples, upheld by the principles of good governance; An inclusive community that promotes high quality of life, equitable access to opportunities for all and promotes and protects human rights of women, children, youth, the elderly/older persons, persons with disabilities, migrant workers, and vulnerable and marginalized groups. A sustainable community that promotes social development and environmental protection through effective mechanisms to meet the current and future needs of the peoples; A resilient community with enhanced capacity and capability to adapt and respond to social and economic vulnerabilities; disasters, climate change as well as emerging threats, and challenges; and A dynamic and harmonious community that is aware and proud of its identity, culture, and heritage with the strengthened ability to innovate and proactively contribute to the global community. 40 AHA Centre Work Plan 2020 The AHA Centre s initiative to develop the AHA Centre Work Plan 2020 came from the need to prioritize and establish long-term sustainability, and to shift into an organization that is built upon systems, processes, capacities and resources strong enough to deliver its vision and mission. The AHA Centre Work Plan 2020 refers to and makes direct linkage to key documents including the ASEAN Vision 2025 on Disaster Management, the AADMER Work Programme , and the ASEAN Declaration on One ASEAN One Response. Results from various studies, audits, reports, lessons learned, mapping exercises, and the AHA Centre s after-action reviews aided in the development of the AHA Centre Work Plan It will be regularly reviewed and updated under the guidance of the AHA Centre s Governing Board and the AHA Centre is responsible for the overall implementation of all key activities under the Work Plan. The AHA Centre Work Plan 2020 seeks to carry out the vision and mission through the implementation of the following four (4) priorities and subsequent key activities in the Work Plan: 41 Preparedness and Response Capacity Building & Knowledge Management Resource Mobilisation & Communications Management & Administration 22 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

23 ASEAN ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR Disaster Management Reference Handbook March 2019

24 ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR Multiple ASEAN bodies, tools, and mechanisms work together to increase coordination and response within the Member States. These are key elements of ASEAN response. 42 Such tools include the ASEAN Secretariat, the ADMER Fund, and the ASEAN Development Fund as depicted in red to the right in Figure 3. The ASEAN Secretariat is discussed earlier in this handbook on page 15. In addition to the above mentioned ASEAN related tools (ASEAN Secretariat, ADMER Fund, and the ADF), there are also additional tools as shown in blue to the left in Figure. These tools include the AHA Centre Fund, the ASEAN ERAT, ARDEX, AJDRP, DELSA, DMRS, EOC, JOCCA, SASOP, AMRG, ACMM, and the Logistic Support Framework. DMRS and EOC are discussed in the Information Sharing section of this handbook in The text describes the tools and mechanisms in the order of the figure and not in the order of importance. Figure 3: ASEAN Related Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR 24 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

25 which we identify ASEAN information systems and platforms. The rest are described in the following section. Tools ASEAN Disaster Management and Emergency Relief (ADMER) Fund The ASEAN Disaster Management and Emergency Relief Fund (ADMER) is administered by the ASEAN Secretariat and was established for the implementation of the AADMER. The ADMER Fund supports the implementation of the AADMER Work Programme, for response in emergencies in ASEAN Member States. The fund also supports operational activities of AHA Centre. 43 ASEAN Development Fund (ADF) Established in July 2005, the ASEAN Development Fund (ADF) serves as ASEAN s common pool of financial resources to provide leverage for regional cooperation projects and programs from partners and donors. The ADF supports small and short-term projects that have a strategic nature for ASEAN. 44 AHA Centre Fund The AHA Centre is funded by mandatory annual contributions from all ASEAN Member States. This mandate is a stipulation of the Agreement on the Establishment of the AHA Centre and covers its operations. Supplemental support can be mobilized from additional resources as necessary. The AHA Centre can also utilize ADMER Funds to which Member States and other Parties can voluntarily contribute. The AHA Centre is physically located in Jakarta, Indonesia. Therefore, the Government of Indonesia provides support for the administrative office space. Additionally, the AHA Centre receives both financial and in-kind assistance from its dialogue partners including Australia, Japan, New Zealand, U.S., and the E.U. 45 ASEAN Emergency Response Assessment Team (ASEAN-ERAT) The ASEAN Emergency Response Assessment Team was first formed as a response for requests for daily situation updates following the Cyclone Nargis event in Myanmar in May 2008 which left 140,000 dead or missing and adversely affected approximately 2.4 million people. The resulting mission report was delivered in a Special ASEAN Foreign Minister s meeting providing key findings involving humanitarian access, logistics, shelter, water, health, food security and education following the disaster and solidifying the need for this functionality. In March 2010, the AADMER Work Programme was formally adopted finalizing guidelines for the Deployment of ASEAN-ERAT and specific training for volunteers. In November 2011, the AHA Centre took management of the ASEAN-ERAT. The "One ASEAN One Response" Declaration is affirmed by the role ASEAN ERAT plays to manage and coordinate disaster response to the region as the official ASEAN resource under AADMER. ASEAN-ERAT was designed to provide rapid response to disaster events affecting any of the ASEAN Member States. Their role includes support to emergency logistics, communications, and coordination on behalf of the affected states. The Team consists of individuals that have experience and have been trained in responding to disaster incidents in the region. The function of the ASEAN-ERAT is to support the Disaster Management Office (NDMO) of the disaster affected Member States in the initial phases of the disaster. There are currently more than 200 ASEAN-ERAT members ready to respond to major disasters in the ASEAN region. In order to be activated, ASEAN-ERAT must confirm there is a need for deployment, then selected team members will be mobilized within eight hours of notification. All team members are prepared to be deployed in position for a minimum of two weeks. 46 Figure 4 depicts the ASEAN-ERAT Mobilization Procedure. Photo 4 depicts the ASEAN ERAT Team on the ground in response to Typhoon Damrey in Vietnam in November ASEAN Regional Disaster Emergency Response Simulation Exercise (ARDEX) The ASEAN Regional Disaster Emergency Response Simulation Exercise (ARDEX), is a full-scale simulation exercise that tests, practices, and evaluates ASEAN s emergency response and disaster management mechanisms. The latest iteration of ARDEX was in It is conducted every two years, to test regional processes and capabilities. The scenario changes ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

26 ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR Figure 4: ASEAN-ERAT Mobilization Procedure depending on the regional priorities and the need to test specific emergency procedures. ARDEX is co-organized by the AHA Centre, and the Host Country is the co-chair alongside the AHA Centre. 47 It is a multi-day field simulation event where they generate practical inputs for the effective implementation of AADMER, with a focus on using the ASEAN Standby Arrangements and Standard Operating Procedures (SASOP). 48 ARDEX 18' was attended by over 100 delegates from the ASEAN Member States as well as partner nations such as Australia, Canada, the E.U., Great Britain, Japna, New Zealand, Norway, Russian Federation, Switzerland, and the U.S. 49 ARDEX-16 provided an opportunity to practice, evaluate and review the ASEAN SASOP, including the newly-endorsed Chapter VI of the SASOP. Chapter VI on the Facilitation and Utilisation of Military Assets and Capacities has been included as an integral part of SASOP since Chapter VI provides information and instruction to the role of the affected state, the role of the state s military, the use of military assets, guidelines for medical assistance, militaryto-military coordination, and military-to-civilian coordination, among others. 50 In addition to testing the SASOP, ARDEX-16 also tested regional response mechanisms, the ASEAN-ERAT, the AJDRP, the JOCCA, the ASEAN-UN interoperability in field operation, and the ARDEX Handbook. It was also an opportunity to test these mechanisms in relation to Brunei Darussalam s National SOP. 51 More information on the SASOP and additional information about ASEAN-UN interoperability is located on page 28. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP) The ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP) is one component of the One ASEAN, One Response strategy, that was adopted by the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Disaster Management (AMMDM) in October The purpose of the AJDRP is to provide a common framework to deliver a timely, at-scale, and joint response through mobilization of required assets and capacities. It applies primarily during preparedness and response phases. This will be achieved through the following objectives: 53 Increasing the SPEED of the ASEAN response by supporting ASEAN Member States in making timely and informed decisions; 26 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

27 Photo 4: ASEAN-ERAT Team Expanding the SCALE of the ASEAN response by strengthening the ASEAN Standby Arrangements; and Enhancing the SOLIDARITY of the ASEAN response by strengthening coordination and cooperation among ASEAN Member States, ASEAN partners, and other humanitarian actors. The AJDRP utilizes the working arrangements of all ASEAN s mechanisms in anticipating a disaster situation and to strengthen engagement with other sectors and stakeholders. It also seeks to identify standby resources in the form of assets, experts, and other response capacities, including from the private sector, civil society organizations, and military resources, as part of the ASEAN Standby Arrangements. 54 ASEAN Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise (ARF DiREx) The ASEAN Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise (ARF DiREx) is held every two years opposite to ARDEX. It is a large-scale disaster relief exercise used to promote the exchange of expertise and practices in disaster management among ARF members. In addition, it aims to facilitate planning among ASEAN Member States and their disaster response partners, military forces, UN agencies, international NGOs, civil society and private sector, and others. Subsequently ASEAN and ARF members are invited to participate in both ARDEX and ARF- DiREx exercises. 55 Disaster Emergency Response Logistic System for ASEAN (DELSA) The Disaster Emergency Logistics System for ASEAN (DELSA) was launched on December 7, 2012 to develop a regional relief stockpile of items needed for emergency and disaster support as well as to support capacity logistic operations for the AHA Centre and ASEAN Member States. DELSA focuses on three main elements including: regional emergency stockpiles, institutional capacity building, and communication and awareness. The Government of Japan (Japan- ASEAN (JAIF) funds and supports DELSA s establishment and operations. The AHA Centre works with the World Food Program (WFP) on logistics and technical aspects of the program as well as with NDMOs of the ASEAN Member States to distribute relief supplies to countries affected by disaster as needed to support disaster management and response. 56 The WFP and the United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot (UNHRD) stockpiles supplies in a warehouse in Subang, Malaysia. ASEAN Member States can access the DELSA relief goods immediately in response to a disaster. In the event of an emergency, the AHA Centre coordinates with NDMOs of the affected Member States to distribute relief goods ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

28 ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR to countries affected by disaster and support the emergency response efforts as needed. DELSA also contributes to building the capacity of the AHA Centre and Member States through the AHA Centre Executive (ACE) Program. The ACE Program is a 6 month training of disaster management officers across the region to improve the knowledge base and disaster management skills as well as familiarize them with DELSA protocol and procedures of relief distribution and overall preparedness and response training. A DELSA Catalogue was launched in March 2016 to catalogue the available stockpiles of relief goods housed in the warehouse. The commodities and equipment housed in the facility were compiled based on recommendations from previous AHA Centre emergency responses and prioritized by items suited to the first phase of emergency responses addressing the needs of the communities as well as provide support to the affected NDMOs. Additionally, the AHA Centre identified different relief items for various types of emergencies and hazard events; identifying the most common needs for particular types of disasters. DELSA resources can also be resourced and mobilized prior to a response phase. However, DELSA response and allocations must follow the AADMER and SASOP procedures to coordinate deployment to disaster affected Member States and must go through the proper channels of delivery. 57 Joint Operations and Coordination Centre of ASEAN (JOCCA) Depending on the scale of the disaster, the ASEAN-ERAT when deployed will establish the Joint Operations And Coordination Centre of ASEAN (JOCCA). On the ground, this is a place where ASEAN response entities converge and coordinate. The JOCCA is linked to United Nation s Onsite Operations and Coordination Centre (OSOCC). The JOCCA and OSOCC are both coordinating platforms that report directly to the NDMO of the affected country. 58 SASOP ASEAN Member States signed the previously mentioned AADMER in 2005, which sought to provide effective mechanisms to achieve substantial reduction of disaster losses, and jointly respond to disaster efforts through regional and international cooperation. To ensure preparedness for the most efficient and effective response, the AADMER required the establishment of a Standard Operating Procedure for Regional Standby Arrangements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency Response Operations (SASOP). 59 The SASOP provides guidance for a Member State to request disaster assistance. It states that there should be a report prepared and submitted to the AHA Centre in regards to the provision of assistance. Prior to a disaster, the Affected State should have developed a national disaster plan through its National Focal Point (NFP). The Affected State will exercise authority for the overall direction and coordination of disaster response. The NFP through its Local Emergency Management Authority (LEMA) will activate or establish an Emergency Operation Centre (EOC). The EOC should be the focal point for coordinating all national relief efforts including international assistance. A Multi- National Coordination Centre (MNCC) could be established by the Affected State s military as a coordinating platform. The structure enables military-to-military operational coordination with multinational forces. 60 SASOP provides the principal operating procedures for increasing readiness to respond and for coordination during emergencies. The SASOP provides the following: 61 The guides and templates to initiate the establishment of the ASEAN Standby Arrangements for Disaster Relief and Emergency Response; The procedures for joint disaster relief and emergency response operations; The procedures for the facilitation and utilization of military and civilian assets and capacities; and The methodology for the periodic conduct of the ASEAN regional disaster emergency response simulation exercises (ARDEX) which shall test the effectiveness of the SASOP. The SASOP is tested at ARDEX. For example, the objective of ARDEX-16 was to provide an opportunity to practice, evaluate and review the ASEAN SASOP, including the newly-endorsed Chapter VI of the SASOP. Beginning in 2016, Chapter VI on the Facilitation and Utilisation of Military Assets and Capacities has been included as an integral part of SASOP. Chapter VI discusses in detail the role of the affected state, the role of the state s military, the use of military 28 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

29 assets, guidelines for medical assistance, militaryto-military coordination, and military-to-civilian coordination, among others. 62 In addition to testing the SASOP, ARDEX-16 also tested regional response mechanisms, the ASEAN-ERAT, the AJDRP, the JOCCA, the ASEAN-UN interoperability in field operation, and the ARDEX Handbook. The SASOP details the need for designation of focal points, earmarking of military and civilian assets and capacities, identification of network of pre-designated areas, and mobilization and demobilization of assistance. The most recent ARDEX was held in Indonesia in 2018 and is discussed in the previous section on page 26, detailing ASEAN exercises. 63 There are also other specific procedures that should be utilized together with SASOP, such as the ASEAN-ERAT Guidelines, JOCCA SOP, ARDEX Handbook, and TOR and Operational Procedure of SG-AHAC. 64 The Operational Procedure of SG-AHAC is important. Collaboration and interoperability between the Secretary-General of ASEAN in his/her capacity as the ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance Coordinator (AHAC) and the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) is essential to ensure strategic and operational coherence. The ASEAN-UN Joint Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management (JSPADM) is also an important plan for ASEAN and UN partners working together. Additional information on the ASEAN-United JSPADM can be found in the ASEAN Documents, Plans, Programs, and Projects section of this Handbook on page 43. ASEAN Militaries Ready Group (AMRG) The ASEAN Militaries Ready Group (AMRG) works to strengthen the coordination of joint services of the various Member States working under ASEAN at a multilateral level. They take into account the existing regional response mechanism as coordinated by the AHA Centre. The AMRG, if needed, will assign liaison officers to the AHA Centre s EOC. This allows them to support in the coordination with ASEAN Member States militaries, and another military liaison officer that would be assigned to the capital of the affected Member State. They would also participate in the Multinational Coordination Centre (MNCC) and assist with coordinating military resources from assisting ASEAN Member States. 65 ASEAN Centre for Military Medicine (ACMM) The ASEAN Centre for Military Medicine (ACMM) has a mission to establish practical, effective, and sustainable cooperation among military medical services of ASEAN Member States and Plus Countries. This mission is during normal and crisis situations. The ACMM coordinates and cooperates with the military medical services during humanitarian operations. The ACCMM also works in partnership with international organizations to support all areas of military medical collaboration. 66 Logistics Support Framework The defense sector of ASEAN, through the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (ADMM) and ADMM-Plus mechanism developed the ASEAN Militaries Logistic Support Framework. The Logistics Support Framework enhances ASEAN s capacity and develops capabilities to enhance operational effectiveness in addressing non-traditional security challenges. 67 Mechanisms In addition to ASEAN related tools, there are also mechanisms related to HADR response. They include ACDM, JTF-HADR, AMMDM & AADMER COP, ADMM, CPR, TWG-CMIC, SOMHD, EAS, ASEAN Summit, ASEAN Chair, ACC, ADMM-Plus, SOM, ADSOM, SOMSWD, and ARF as seen in yellow in the previous Figure (Figure 4). The ACDM was discussed previously in the ASEAN Governing Bodies section earlier in this Handbook on page 17. While all the mechanisms are important, the following section will specifically discuss JTF-HADR, AMMDM, EAS, ASEAN Chair, ADMM-Plus, and ARF. Joint Task Force for HADR (JTF-HADR) The Joint Task Force for Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response (JTF-HADR) was created in 2014 to promote synergy between ASEAN bodies on HADR also known as ASEAN HADR mechanisms. The JTF-HADR involves the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM); ASEAN Defence Senior Officials Meeting (ADSOM); Senior Officials Meeting on Health Development (SOMHD); and Senior Officials Meeting on Social Welfare Development (SOMSWD), representing ministries from Foreign Affairs, Military/ Defence, Health, and Social Welfare. ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

30 ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR Each of these sectors are important when providing humanitarian assistance to the disaster affected Member State(s). 68 ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Disaster Management (AMMDM) The ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Disaster Management (AMMDM) was first held on December 7, 2004 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The first AMMDM produced the mandate given to the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM) to start the negotiation of the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER). During that initial meeting, an agreement was also reached in which the ASEAN Day for Disaster Management (ADDM) would convene annually, jointly with the International Day for Disaster Reduction (IDDR). 69 Being a ministerial level group, the AMMDM oversees the ACDM within the ASEAN Socio- Cultural Community. The ministerial body is necessary when facilitating dialogue between ministries that oversee disaster management programming, as well as with other ministerial level bodies. 70 Objectives of the AMMDM: Promote synergy of efforts with other ASEAN ministerial bodies to accelerate well-coordinated, more robust and faster collective response to ASEAN s disasters, and to realize the building of disaster resilient and safer communities to reduce disaster losses in the region, using AADMER as the regional policy backbone and common platform to maintain ASEAN s Centrality; Promote engagement with ASEAN-related mechanisms, in particular the East Asia Summit (EAS) Foreign Ministers Meeting, the ASEAN Defense Ministerial Meeting (ADMM) Plus, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and the APEC Senior Disaster Management Officials Forum, while maintaining ASEAN s Centrality; Promote cooperation in disaster management with ASEAN Dialogue Partners, international organizations and other partners and stakeholders, and promote ASEAN s leadership and shared vision in the area of disaster management in relevant multilateral fora. Mandate and Functions of the AMMDM: Ensure effective implementation of relevant directives, agreements and decisions deriving from the ASEAN Summits, the relevant strategic objectives of the ASEAN Socio- Cultural Community (ASCC) Blueprint and other relevant action lines pertinent to advancement of disaster management cooperation in ASEAN; Recommend and adopt policies, measures and strategies for regional cooperation in disaster management; Provide guidance to the ACDM to formulate work programs, strategies and priorities to strengthen regional cooperation in disaster management, and monitor and review its implementation; Work with other ASEAN sectoral ministerial bodies and ASEAN-related mechanisms to ensure coordination and synergy of efforts in areas related to disaster management; Promote collaboration with external parties, including ASEAN Dialogue Partners, international organizations and other relevant partners and stakeholders, to advance regional cooperation in disaster management; and Adopt ASEAN s common positions on disaster management issues in preparation for international meetings and conferences, and promote ASEAN s leadership and shared vision in in relevant multilateral fora. 71 East Asia Summit (EAS) The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a meeting held annually, where regional strategic cooperation is addressed. Discussion at EAS includes ongoing challenges and opportunities for the region. It consists of the 10 ASEAN Member States, as well as Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, South Korea, and the United States. The EAS has had steady engagement in disaster management since its inception, and in 2009 the members signed the Cha-am Hua Hin Statement on EAS Disaster Management. The Statement confirmed AADMERS support for disaster response groups and mechanisms, such as the AHA Centre, SASOP, and ARDEX. In addition, they created the EAS Rapid Response Toolkit to assist with disaster managing response. 72 East Asia Summit Rapid Disaster Response Toolkit The Rapid Disaster Response Toolkit was adopted by the East Asia Summit in The 30 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

31 toolkit provides key contact information for officials in each EAS participating country, a reference guide for disaster management decision makers, and a rapid disaster response arrangements for each EAS country. It also provides the necessary procedures and mechanisms to support a collective response supporting the affected Member State in the EAS region, including ASEAN. 73 ASEAN Chair The ACDM has a Chair and a Vice Chair which are rotated annually between the 10 Member States, in alphabetical order, per article 31 of the ASEAN Charter. 74 During their time as Chair, each country identifies the annual theme and sets priorities for the year. However, due to the short time as Chair, issues arise due to lack of continuity. 75 The 2019 Chair is Thailand, and they are focusing on advancing partnership for sustainability. This theme has three main components; advancing technology, partnership, and sustainability. 76 Each year, the Chair is responsible for identifying the theme and setting the priorities for the chairmanship. 77 The 2018 ASEAN Chair was Singapore, with the vision of Resilient and Innovative. The idea behind the 2018 Chairmanship was to unite in order to face the uncertainties in the global strategic landscape. The 2018 Chair aimed to be make ASEAN adaptive, in order to manage challenges in disruptive technologies, equip citizens with skills to help ASEAN thrive, and to boost capabilities to make cities smarter. 78 ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting (ADMM) and ADMM Plus The ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting (ADMM) was first established in Per the ASEAN Security Community (ASC) Plan of Action, adopted at the 10th ASEAN Summit, the meeting is required to convene annually. ADMM is the highest defense consultative and cooperative mechanism in ASEAN and it aims to promote mutual trust and confidence through greater understanding of defense and security challenges. It also works on the enhancement of transparency and openness. The Concept Paper for the Establishment of an ADMM establishes the objectives of the ADMM. These were outlined in the Inaugural ADMM in 2006, and include: To promote regional peace and stability through dialogue and cooperation in defense and security; To give guidance to existing senior defense and military officials dialogue and cooperation in the field of defense and security within ASEAN and between ASEAN and dialogue partners; To promote mutual trust and confidence through greater understanding of defense and security challenges as well as enhancement of transparency and openness; and To contribute to the establishment of an ASEAN Security Community (ASC) as stipulated in the Bali Concord II and to promote the implementation of the Vientiane Action Programme (VAP) on ASC. 79 ADMM Plus The Inaugural ADMM-Plus was convened in It is a platform for ASEAN Member States and the eight Dialogue Partners (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, ROK, Russian Federation, and the United States) to strengthen security, defense cooperation for peace, stability, and development in the ASEAN region. There are five areas of practical cooperation to pursue under this mechanism, to include maritime security, counter-terrorism, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, peacekeeping operations and military medicine. In order to facilitate cooperation on these areas, Experts Working Groups (EWGs) were established. Additional priorities have been added, such as EWG on Humanitarian Mine Action (HMA), and the EWG on Cyber Security. Chairmanship of the ADMM-Plus shall follow the Chairmanship of the ADMM. Objectives The objectives of the ADMM-Plus are: To benefit ASEAN member countries in building capacity to address shared security challenges, while cognizant of the differing capacities of various ASEAN countries; To promote mutual trust and confidence between defense establishments through greater dialogue and transparency; To enhance regional peace and stability through cooperation in defense and security, in view of the transnational security challenges the region faces; To contribute to the realization of an ASEAN Security Community which, as stipulated ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

32 ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR in the Bali Concord II, embodies ASEAN s aspiration to achieve peace, stability, democracy and prosperity in the region where ASEAN member countries live at peace with one another and with the world at large; To facilitate the implementation of the Vientiane Action Programme, which calls for ASEAN to build a peaceful, secure and prosperous ASEAN, and to adopt greater outward-looking external relation strategies with our friends and Dialogue Partners. The ADMM-Plus has become an effective platform for cooperation between the participating countries defense establishments. The Principles for Membership to ADMM- Plus process are: The Plus country shall be a full-fledged Dialogue Partner of ASEAN; The Plus country shall have significant interactions and relations with ASEAN defense establishment; and The Plus country shall be able to work with the ADMM to build capacity so as to enhance regional security in a substantive way in order to promote capacity-building in the region in the fields of defense and security. Countries under ADMM-Plus are the ten ASEAN Member States, and eight Plus countries; Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, ROK, Russian Federation, and the United States. 80 ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting Plus Experts Working Group on HADR The ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting- Plus Experts Working Group on Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response (ADMM-Plus EWG on HADR) is a critical platform for the implementation of "One ASEAN One Response". It helps achieve faster response, mobilize greater resources, and establish stronger coordination to ensure ASEAN s collective response to disasters. 81 From 2017 to 2019, the third cycle of the ADMM-Plus EWG on HADR is taking place, and it is being co-chaired by Malaysia and the United States (U.S.). In addition the Work Plan supports the collaboration of key military and civilian regional response stakeholders towards the implementation of "One ASEAN, One Response". 82 ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) The ASEAN Regional Forum is a broad-based political and security cooperation platform. It aims to create constructive dialogue on issues of interest on ASEAN Member States; however, the ARF membership goes beyond the ASEAN Member States. ARF is composed by 27 members, including the European Union, Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, China, the Democratic People s Republic of Korea, India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mongolia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste, and the United States. The ARF opens up dialoged between its members during their annual meeting. It also has a regional bi-annual disaster response exercise, which incorporates the 10 ASEAN Member States with its 17 partners. The ARF focuses on security issues, as well as civil-military coordination issues. 83 ARF Work Plan for Disaster Relief The Disaster Relief Work Plan identifies the Priority Areas for ARF disaster management. It also separates ARF s role from other efforts in the area. The priority areas of the work plan are related to those in the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) Work Programme The priority areas are: i) promote networking and information sharing to enhance the capability of ARF participants for disaster management; ii) promote rapid deployment and acceptance of assistance in HADR operations; and iii) promote interoperability and civil-military coordination in HADR operations. 84 ARF Inter-Sessional Meeting on Disaster Relief The 17th ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) Inter-Sessional Meeting on Disaster Relief was held in It was attended by 80 participants, including delegates from 21 countries out of the 27 ARF Member States. In addition, relevant international organizations attended the meeting. The Republic of Korea and Thailand served as co-chairs of the Inter-Sessional Meeting on Disaster Relief in 2017 and The meeting is held annually and it is used as a forum to discuss disaster relief topics. The latest meeting discussed the efforts to build a society safe from disasters. In addition, the co-chair shared respective policies, strategies, institutions, experiences, and specific relevant cases regarding disaster response Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

33 ASEAN ASEAN Member Countries Disaster Management Reference Handbook March 2019

34 ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES ASEAN Member Countries The disaster impacts in one ASEAN country can often have a wider impact and effect other ASEAN countries. Additionally, disasters in one country can have the potential to disrupt trade and economic growth in the entire region. 86 The majority of the ASEAN Member State s national disaster risk management frameworks meet the AADMER requirements relating to disaster preparedness and response. The AHA Centre has assisted ASEAN Member States in responding to seventeen disasters, ranging in scale from medium to large-scale. In the event of a disaster or imminent threat, the AHA Centre will deploy personnel, as the In-Country Liaison Team (ICLT), to coordinate closely with the NDMO. If required and with the consent of the affected Member State, the AHA Centre will also mobilize the ASEAN-ERAT to support NDMO operations. This is to increase the preparedness and response, as well as ensure quick delivery of humanitarian assistance through the ASEAN Standby Arrangements and/or other mechanisms. 87 Figure 5 shows the impact of Natural Disasters in the ASEAN region in 2018, including the economic impact. The Figure points out that from , in just 1 year, the population affected by disasters has more than doubled. Estimated costs of damages have also increased. Figure 5: Impact of Natural Disasters on the ASEAN Region 34 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

35 ASEAN is made up of 10 countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) as seen in Figure 6. Brunei Darussalam Brunei joined ASEAN in Brunei has benefited from the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The AEC allows for the free flow of goods, services, investments and skilled labor, while facilitating the movement of capital across the region. 88 Economic integration is a substantial opportunity for ASEAN Member States because it will reduce barriers to trade and the movement of capital and labor, which would promote economic growth. 89 The AEC aims at creating a single market and production base, and reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers. For instance, tariffs on all building and construction goods and products have been eliminated for Brunei as well as other ASEAN Member States including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines since Brunei, along with the Philippines and Myanmar, are good examples of the ASEAN Strategic Action Plan for small and medium enterprises (SME) Development This action plan has a goal to promote entrepreneurship and human capital development in the community. This puts Brunei in the position of driving human capital development to enable small enterprises. 90 Disaster Risk Brunei is made up of two small territories on the northwest side of the island of Borneo. Due to its location, Brunei is spared from natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and typhoons. 91 However, the country is still susceptible to floods, landslides, forest fires, air pollution, and haze. 92 National Institutional Framework The National Disaster Management Centre (NDMC) is the lead government agency for disaster response in Brunei. In August 2006, the Government of Brunei established the NDMC under the Disaster Management Order (DMO). The role of NDMC is to ensure the safety and well-being of the people by encompassing all aspects of disaster management. This includes prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery through policies, strategies and practices which are guided by the international, regional and national drivers. Prior to the establishment of the NDMC, national response to disasters was on an ad-hoc basis where committees were formed to manage various LAO PDR MYANMAR VIETNAM THAILAND PHILIPPINES CAMBODIA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM MALAYSIA SINGAPORE INDONESIA Figure 6: Locations of ASEAN Member States ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

36 ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES disasters. 93 Brunei does not have a specific law on disaster management. Instead, the Disaster Management Order 2006 defines disaster management. The NDMC has its responsibilities and authority defined in this order. 94 The DMO predates the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER). AADMER s entry into force in December 2009 does not refer directly to ASEAN. The NDMC is the national focal point for the AHA Centre. 95 Cambodia Cambodia joined ASEAN in ASEAN membership has meant that Singapore companies investing in Cambodia can benefit from various tariff reliefs and rely on the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement for protection of their investments. The Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between Singapore and Cambodia, has reduced the cost of investing in Cambodia. 96 Disaster Risk Cambodia is at risk for experiencing hazards such as floods, drought, heavy storms, typhoons, fire incidents, and epidemics. Most geographical regions of the country (i.e. Riverine Central Plains, coastal ecosystems and Dangrek mountain range in the north, and Cardamom mountains in the southwest) are exposed to one or more of these hazards. 97 Cambodia is one of the five countries located along the Mekong River. During the monsoon season, Cambodia experiences flash floods usually after heavy rainfall. 98 National Institutional Framework Cambodia passed the Law on Disaster Management (DM Law) in The DM Law formalizes the National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) as the headquarters of the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) on disaster risk management. The day-to-day operation of NCDM is governed by a Secretariat General, focal points in line government ministries, and Sub-National Committees for Disaster Management down to the local level. The AADMER and the AHA Centre are not included in the DM Law or decrees because they were each established under their own separate agreements. The NCDM is the AHA Centre s national focal point. 99 Indonesia Indonesia is one of the five original members that established ASEAN in A national workshop for the Development of the ASEAN Regional Contingency Plan was held in Indonesia in March A scenario was developed in which a large scale earthquake occurred, triggering a tsunami, and followed by a secondary hazard event (an industrial accident with HAZMAT handling). 100 Disaster Risk Indonesia faces many natural threats including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, flooding, and droughts. The country has experienced an average of 290 significant natural disasters annually over the last 30 years. 101 This includes the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami which killed approximately 220,000 people across four countries, 167,000 in Indonesia alone, and cost an estimated US $10 billion in damages. 102 The 8.5 earthquake in Aceh in April 2012, reaffirmed the need for more serious and sustainable efforts in setting up the disaster management system. The disaster event caused congestion on evacuation routes, early warning systems that failed to reach the public quickly and accurately, and a lack of available paths and accessible evacuation sites when the tsunami warning was issued. 103 National Institutional Framework In Indonesia, the National Disaster Management Agency, known as BNPB (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana) is the primary agency responsible for coordinating DM preparedness, response, prevention and mitigation, and rehabilitation and recovery. BNPB is the lead coordinating agency in disaster response; this agency is responsible for preparing for, directing and managing all aspects of disaster management efforts. 104 The country has the Disaster Management Law 24/2007 (DM Law) and a series of regulations. The DM Law predates AADMER, and the later regulations concerning international assistance do not relate to interstate or ASEAN regional assistance. The BNPB is the AHA Centre s national focal point. 105 Lao PDR Lao PDR joined ASEAN in The ASEAN region is often influenced by other nations by offering investment, trade, and credit. There is a 36 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

37 need to strive for balance with ASEAN Member States and major powers such as the U.S. and China. This is especially important in regards to issues like the South China Sea conflict. Many ASEAN Member States such as Lao PDR try to keep up with the balancing act. Lao PDR relies on its neighboring ASEAN Member States (Vietnam, and Thailand) for assistance. As a result, Lao PDR is able to leverage on its relations with neighboring states to project a foreign policy posture towards China that is welcoming and firm at the same time to protect its interests. ASEAN members are often divided between their ties with China and the U.S. because overall there is a need for investment, particularly infrastructure investment. 106 Disaster Risk The country is vulnerable to a wide range of natural disasters. Flooding, flash floods, severe storms, monsoons, and landslides are prevalent in the country. Additionally, Lao PDR is susceptible to droughts, earthquakes, and epidemics with varying degrees of impact and severity in different regions. Natural disasters in the country have caused severe damage to infrastructure, homes, irrigation systems, bridges, roads, and agricultural land. 107 National Institutional Framework Policies related to disaster management have mainly focused on providing emergency relief to meet basic needs, such as food, water, and shelter. As a result of the country being so focused on basic needs, the country is less focused on prevention and mitigation. The creation of the National Disaster Management Committee (NDMC) through the Prime Minister Decree No. 158 (23 August 1999) was a significant event in disaster management. The NDMC provides recommendations and advice to the Prime Minister and plays the lead role in ensuring effective coordination related to all interventions in the disaster cycle, including mitigation, prevention, preparedness, response and recovery, while applying a multi-hazard approach. 108 The NDMC was renamed the National Disaster Prevention and Control Committee (NDPCC) by the Prime Minister s (PM) decree 373/PM in The National Disaster Management Organization (NDMO) was established in 1991 and was secretariat to the National Committee until PM Decree 220/PM of 2013 then moved the Committee s Secretariat to the Department of Disaster Management and Climate Change (DDMCC) in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in order to integrate disaster and climate risk. The new NDPCC and its Secretariat DDMCC continue to share responsibilities with the pre-existing NDMO in the Department of Social Welfare, which also supports subnational disaster risk management structures. These frameworks do not specifically address AADMER or the AHA Centre. The NDMO is the AHA Centre s national focal point. 109 Malaysia Malaysia was one of the five original members that established ASEAN in Many ASEAN member countries have experienced collapses of high-rise buildings due to poor construction standards. According to the International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) of the United Nations, Malaysia has Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) teams that are trained according to INSARAG guidelines and have operational experience. For example, the Special Malaysian Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART) was seen in action at the West Sumatra Padang Earthquake of It is important for ASEAN countries to establish INSARAG-certified USAR teams in all major cities. Unfortunately, only Malaysia and Singapore have USAR teams that are trained according to INSARAG guidelines and have operational experience. 110 Disaster Risk Malaysia is geographically located outside the Pacific Rim of Fire and is relatively free from any severe destruction caused by natural disasters. However, the country is vulnerable to natural hazards including floods, forest fires, tsunami, cyclonic storms, landslides, seismic activity, epidemics, and haze (local and trans boundary). 111 National Institutional Framework The new National Disaster Management Agency (NADMA), in the Office of the Prime Minister, was created in 2015 as a separate body, having been part of the National Security Division of the Prime Minister s Department for many years. The Malaysia Civil Defence Force (MCDF) is one of the responders besides the Royal Malaysian Police & Fire and Rescue (RMPFRD) department. This includes the implementation of Community-Based Disaster ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

38 ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES Risk Reduction (CBDRR) to pursue public involvement in DRR effort. NADMA is the AHA Centre national focal point. 112 Myanmar Myanmar joined ASEAN in A large scale cyclone in Myanmar was the focus of a National Workshop for the Development of the ASEAN Regional Contingency Plan in December This scenario, along with two other scenarios, were endorsed by the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM) Working Group on Preparedness and Response. Myanmar is one of the three most disasterprone countries in the ASEAN region, apart from Indonesia and the Philippines, with a high probability of disaster occurrence and the possibility to severely impact the population. 113 Disaster Risk Myanmar is affected by many natural hazards including destructive earthquakes, cyclones, flooding, landslides, and periodic droughts. Myanmar has been impacted by two major earthquakes, three severe cyclones, floods, and other smaller-scale hazards in the last 10 years. 114 The country was battered by Cyclone Nargis in National Institutional Framework After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the National Disaster Preparedness Central Committee, the policy formulating body, was formed with the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister. After the new government took over its responsibility in March 2011, the National Disaster Management Agency (which was chaired by the Union Minister for Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement) was formed in April In Myanmar, the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement (MSWRR) is the ministry for disaster management. MSWRR also serves as the Secretariat of the National Disaster Management Agency (NDMC). Under the MSWRR, there are three Departments: the Department of Social Welfare (DSW), the Department of Disaster Management (DDM), and the Department of Rehabilitation (DOR).The DDM of the MSWRR is the national focal point for the ASEAN Disaster Management Committee and the AHA Centre. 117 Building on the response to Cyclone Nargis in 2008, and Cyclone Giri in 2010, the Government of Myanmar enacted the National Disaster Management Law (2013) and the subsequent Disaster Management Rules (2015), outlining roles and responsibilities of military and civilian actors. 118 The principle national law guiding disaster management in Myanmar is the National Disaster Management Law, ratified on 31st of July 2013 in line with priorities established in the Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction. The Disaster Management Law includes provisions for the establishment of disaster management bodies and their duties and responsibilities. This includes provisions on requesting assistance from the Armed Forces for search and rescue operations, security in disaster-affected areas, and for the delivery of assistance to victims more generally. 119 Philippines The Philippines was one of the five original members that established ASEAN in The Philippines suffered from Typhoon Haiyan in During Typhoon Haiyan, the ASEAN Emergency Response and Assessment Team (ASEAN-ERAT) prepositioned people in the country before the disaster for more efficient coordination and response. The AHA Centre has the ability to activate the ASEAN-ERAT members when there is a need for deployment. Selected team members are often mobilized with eight hours of notification and are prepared to be positioned in the disaster area for two weeks. 121 In an effort to operationalize the One ASEAN One Response vision, the ACDM endorsed the ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP) in October Three workshops have been conducted in support of the development and implementation of the AJDRP including one workshop held in the Philippines. The workshop identified a likely scenario that ASEAN Member States will respond to within ASEAN. This workshop focused on the effects and response of a potential 7.2 M earthquake in the Metro Manila area of the Philippines. 122 Disaster Risk The country is most frequently struck by typhoons; however, volcanoes, floods, landslides, earthquakes, droughts, and tsunamis also pose serious risks. 123 Typhoons are both the most common and most destructive natural disasters in the Philippines. Typhoons Haiyan, Thelma, Ike, Fengshen, Washi, Durian, Bopha, Trix, Amy, and Nina were the ten deadliest typhoons on record to impact the Philippines from Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

39 to Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) resulted in more than 6,300 lost lives, over four million displaced citizens, and US$2 billion in damages in National Institutional Framework The country has the Philippine National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act 2010 which establishes a complex and multi-level disaster risk management system. Since 2015, the law has been under review. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) is the top policy-making, coordination, integration, supervision, monitoring and evaluation body. The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) is tasked with administering the national civil defense and disaster risk reduction and management program, including supporting sub-national councils. ASEAN or AADMER is not mentioned in the law; however, it does mention regional and international treaty obligations. The NDRRMC and the Office of Civil Defense is the national focal point for the AHA Centre. 125 Singapore Singapore was one of the five original members that established ASEAN in Singapore s Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (DART) was deployed to Aceh, Indonesia following the 2004 tsunami, offering support as a neighboring ASEAN Member State. 126 The ASEAN Charter states that the chairmanship of ASEAN shall rotate annually; Singapore was the chairman of ASEAN for The Singapore Government is a strong supporter of ASEAN. The political benefit is peace, as ASEAN has helped maintain peace in South- East Asia. Singapore also benefits economically from ASEAN; the ASEAN economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. 127 Singapore has an advantage with its geographic location within ASEAN. Its location at the tip of the Malay Peninsula is where main trading and shipping routes converge. In addition, Singapore is only an hour or two flight away from other ASEAN countries. 128 Disaster Risk The area surrounding Singapore is the most disaster prone region in the world; however, Singapore sits just outside the Ring of Fire and is positioned to respond to international crisis rapidly and effectively. Singapore is situated just south of Malaysia. 129 National Institutional Framework Disaster risk management is under a Wholeof-Government Integrated Risk Management policy framework. The Civil Defence Act was updated in 2011 and it provides the legal framework for the declaration of a state of emergency and deployment of the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SDCF). 130 The SCDF maintains a dedicated 76-man standby contingent where its core function is to provide urban search and rescue and/or humanitarian relief assistance to countries affected by major disasters. The contingent comprises rescuers from the SCDF s DART and from the frontline units including Operationally Ready National Service (ORNS) men. 131 The AADMER is not referenced in any disaster legislation although the Minister may deploy the SCDF in support of other countries if assistance is requested by them. The SCDF is the national focal point for the AHA Centre. 132 Thailand Thailand was one of the five original members that established ASEAN in The country is known as the free trade hub of ASEAN due to their strategic positioning. ASEAN membership to Thailand is beneficial because it facilitates investor accessibility since it is the gateway between the ASEAN countries, as well as other countries (Australia, New Zealand, India, and China). Thailand and other ASEAN Member States enjoy the benefit of the elimination of tariffs and free trade agreements which are encouraging to export and importation. The country has the capability to increase product variety due to their low rate of production which provides a competitive advantage. 133 Disaster Risk Thailand is vulnerable to the influences of monsoons and tropical systems which enhance their vulnerability to natural disaster impacts such as, flooding, typhoons, landslides, droughts and earthquakes. While Thailand is less susceptible to natural hazards than many of the countries in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region, the country remains vulnerable and the frequency of natural disasters in the country is due to seasonal weather and climate change. 134 National Institutional Framework The Disaster Management System based on the Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Act ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

40 ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES 2007 (DPM Act 2007), came into force on 6 November 2007 and implements Thailand s national DM Institutional arrangement. All disaster management activities are directed and controlled by the Commander/Directors at three levels; National, Provincial, and Local. Based on the DPM Act 2007, the National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee (NDPMC) is a policy maker, chaired by the Prime Minister or designated Deputy Prime Minister, and the Director General of the Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM) is the Secretary. 135 The NDPMC designated the DDPM as the primary State agency for disaster risk management. The DDPM is the national focal point for the AHA Centre. 136 Vietnam Vietnam joined ASEAN in Vietnam s Membership in ASEAN has improved its economy and helped integrate the country into the world economy. Vietnam s participation in areas of ASEAN economic cooperation such as intellectual property, services, industrial cooperation and investment helps send a strong signal to foreign investors of the direction of her economic policies. Vietnam signed the Protocol for the Accession of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to the Agreement on the Common Effective Preferential Tariff Scheme (CEPT) for the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) during the Fifth ASEAN Summit in Thailand in Disaster Risk Historically, the country has suffered from catastrophic natural disasters such as floods, tsunamis, typhoons, and landslides which have caused significant losses to human life, property, economics, and infrastructure. 138 Vietnam was impacted by Typhoon Xangsane in 2006 and Ketsana in Photo 5 depicts regional flooding in the Bac Lieu Province of Vietnam. National Institutional Framework In Vietnam, inter-sectoral cooperation is the commanding system for natural disaster prevention and control. Depending on the crisis there are checks and balances, and collaborations among many of the government agencies. 140 The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) is the lead Disaster Management Agency in Vietnam and presides over the consortium of the Vietnam Disaster Management Authority. They all work together to reflect the full representation of all ministries and sectors under the leadership and direction of MARD. Additionally, MARD is the Chairman of the Central Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control (CCNDPC) and the Vietnam National Disaster Management Authority (VNDMA) acts as the Office of the Central Steering Committee. 141 The Law on Natural Disaster Prevention and Control 2013 assigns responsibility across a range of ministries and at all levels of government. The VNDMA is the national focal point for the AHA Centre. 142 Photo 5: Responders Reacting to Regional Flooding in the Bac Lieu Province of Vietnam 40 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

41 ASEAN ASEAN Documents, Plans, Programs, and Projects Disaster Management Reference Handbook March 2019

42 ASEAN DOCUMENTS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS ASEAN Documents, Plans, Programs, and Projects ASEAN Charter The ASEAN Charter was established on 15 December, It is the foundation of the ASEAN Community since it provides legal status and institutional framework for ASEAN. In addition, it codifies ASEAN norms, rules, and values. It requires accountability and compliance as well as sets clear targets for ASEAN. It is a legally binding agreement within the 10 ASEAN Member States and it is registered at the Secretariat of the United Nations. 143 The ASEAN Charter sets accountability for the following: 144 New political commitment at the top level; New and enhanced commitments; New legal framework, legal personality; New ASEAN bodies; Two new openly-recruited (Deputy Secretary-Genera) DSGs; More ASEAN meetings More roles of ASEAN Foreign Ministers; New and enhanced role of the Secretary- General of ASEAN; Other new initiatives and changes. ASEAN Declaration The original five ASEAN Member States (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) established the Declaration for Mutual Assistance on Natural Disasters in These countries understood that there was an urgent need for mutual assistance in the mitigation of the effects of natural disasters. The declaration says that the Member Countries shall: 145 Cooperate in the improvement of communication channels among themselves as regards disaster warnings; exchange of experts and trainees; exchange of information and documents; and dissemination of medical supplies, services and relief assistance; Designate national government agency to be its internal coordinating body which will gather, collate and exchange data pertaining to natural disasters, and that these agencies will be principally responsible for implementing the cooperation envisioned above; In cases of calamities of major magnitude, upon the request from an affected Member Country, within its capability extend such assistance as may be needed; on prior notification, undertake immediate internal arrangements to facilitate the transit, through their respective territories, of vessels, aircraft, authorized personnel, supplies and equipment bound for the territory of a distressed Member Country, subject to compliance of such requirements or formalities as may be prescribed by its laws; and A Member Country requesting assistance shall undertake internal administrative arrangements necessary to facilitate the entry of necessary vessels, aircraft, authorized personnel, supplies and equipment fee from government taxes and any other duties or charges for the purpose of rescue and relief and for speedy action for the rescue and relief of victims of natural disasters; and invoking the ASEAN spirit of mutual help and cooperation. The ASEAN Declaration is previously known as the Bangkok Declaration. The Declarations states the aims and purposes of ASEAN which continue today: To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavors in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations; To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter; To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields; To provide assistance to each other in the form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres; To collaborate more effectively for the greater 42 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

43 utilization of their agriculture and industries, the expansion of their trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity trade, the improvement of their transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living standards of their peoples; To promote Southeast Asian studies; and To maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organizations with similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation among themselves. In addition, the ASEAN Member States also adopted six fundamental principles: 1. Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations; 2. The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion or coercion; 3. Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another; 4. Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner; 5. Renunciation of the threat or use of force; and 6. Effective cooperation among themselves. 146 ASEAN-United Nations Joint Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management (JSPADM) ASEAN and the UN have partnered on disaster management issues since They further developed the partnership in 2013 during the response to Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines where both parties worked together to identify lessons learned and incorporate them into the Strategic Plan of Action. A mutual goal of ASEAN and the UN is for their programs to be complementary in preparation for and during deployment to disasters to maximize response and effectiveness and close collaboration in the overall disaster management cycle. 147 In 2015, global developments shaped the humanitarian landscape for the next decade with the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change all framing connectivity with regard to disaster and disaster preparedness. In areas of prevention and mitigation and early warning risk assessment, ASEAN and UN work on disaster risk reduction supports the ASEAN Member States commitments toward the goals of the Sendai Framework for Action ( ). This Framework focuses on preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive systems such as economic, structural, legal, social, health, cultural education, environmental, technological, political, and institutional. These measures will help prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disasters, and increase preparedness for response and recovery, and strengthen resilience. The ASEAN-UN Joint Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management (JSPADM) is an important plan for ASEAN and UN partners working together. It is currently in its third revision. The JSAPDM III outlines ASEAN and the UN s mutual intentions and commitments to continue to work together, guided by the strategies and priorities incorporated by ASEAN into the AADMER Work Programme , as well as other global priorities in humanitarian action. During the development of the JSPADM III, ASEAN and the UN agreed that the AADMER Work Programme provides a solid basis for ASEAN s partners to identify engagement opportunities and agreed that the JSPADM III would be guided by the ASEAN Vision 2025 on Disaster Management and aligned with the AADMER Work Programme , which identifies eight priority programs and a number of underlying components, each with expected outputs and activities. 148 ASEAN Vision 2025 on Disaster Management outlines three strategic elements including institutionalization and communication; partnerships and innovation; and finance and resource mobilization. The key objective of the AADMER is to position ASEAN as a global leader in disaster management by While developing the JSPADM III, ASEAN and the UN identified eight priority programs to provide the rational, objective, and program components that may be developed for the implementation of ongoing work and development of new areas of collaboration. The JSPADM III has eight priorities which are detailed in Figure 7. Collaboration and interoperability between the Secretary-General of ASEAN in his/her capacity as the ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance Coordinator (AHAC) and the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) is essential to ensure strategic and operational ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

44 ASEAN DOCUMENTS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS The Eight Priority Programmes I. AWARE A risk aware ASEAN Community II. BUILD III. ADVANCE IV. PROTECT V. RESPOND as One VI. EQUIP VII. RECOVER VIII. LEAD Safely Building safe ASEAN infrastructure and essential services A disaster resilient and climate adaptive ASEAN Community Protecting economic and social gains of ASEAN Community integration through risk transfer and social protection Transforming mechanisms for ASEAN s leadership in response Enhance capacities for One ASEAN One Response ASEAN resilient recovery ASEAN leadership for excellence and innovation in disaster management Figure 7: ASEAN-UN Eight Priority Programmes for JSPADM III coherence. The Operational Procedure of SG- AHAC is important. During their October 2016 meeting on the margins of the UN General Assembly and the annual ASEAN-UN Secretariat-to-Secretariat Dialogue and Senior Officials Meeting in New York, the ASEAN Secretary General and the UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs agreed that the existing cooperation arrangements between these two officials and their offices during times of disaster response should be recorded. An ASEAN-OCHA Interoperability Brief was created with the following recommendations that speak to the roles and responsibilities of the two offices. The ASEAN SG/AHAC and the ERC will seek to maximize complementarity in the fulfilment of their responsibilities, particularly where the former is designated as the AHAC by: 150 Request / acceptance of assistance by the affected state Information management and reporting Joint needs assessments Prioritization of response Coordinated response plans Resource mobilization Advocacy on behalf of those in need of assistance Missions to the disaster-affected area Monitoring and evaluation, and lessons learned Between disaster responses, the ASEAN SG/ AHAC and ERC will also meet at least once a year to review cooperation, take stock, identify joint humanitarian advocacy priorities, and strengthen policy coherence. 151 ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative (ASSI) Due to the high exposure to natural hazards in the region, ASEAN initiatives have been implemented to mitigate the devastating effect these disasters have not only on the communities as a whole, but specifically to schools and the education sector. Disasters can effect and disrupt education cycles and damage to school infrastructure can put children at risk. Thus, the education sector was identified as an avenue to reduce risks and losses as well as build awareness and capacity to protect children and the entire community. The ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative (ASSI) was implemented in 2013 as a response to the AADMER which identified school safety as a strategic component of the ASEAN Member States. ASSI is driven and implemented by the ASEAN governments (Ministry of Education and National Management Agencies) in collaboration with ASSI consortium partners including Plan International, World Vision, Save the Children, Mercy Malaysia, and the AADMER Partnership Group (APG). ASSI is a priority initiative under the AADMER Work Programme In particular, ASSI falls under the Priority Programme 2: Build Safely which identifies schools in its mandate to building safe infrastructures and essential services. 152 Figure 8 shows the ASSI Program Strategy Initiatives. 44 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

45 Figure 8: Programme Strategy : ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative Additionally, the ASEAN Common Framework for Comprehensive School Safely details specific action on school safety and aims to achieve specific targets aligned with the global Comprehensive School Safety (CSS) Framework. Monitoring indicators have been developed to track progress comprised of 6 outputs to track the impact on school safety at the national level and 14 input indicators to track safety interventions and impacts at the school level. 153 Figure 9 shows a Venn diagram detailing the Education Sector Policies and Plans with regard to the CSS Framework. Bali Concord I (BC I) In 1976, at the first ASEAN Summit in Bali, the Bali Concord was produced consisting of three pillars, the ASEAN Security Community (ASC), an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), and the ASEAN Socio-cultural Community (ASCC). The Bali Concord identified 8 objectives and principles toward achieving regional political stability. In 2003, at the ninth ASEAN Summit, members endorsed a new Declaration of ASEAN Concord II, also known as the Bali Concord II to reaffirm ASEAN as a coordinated team of Southeast Asian nations, working together toward the dynamic development of a community of caring societies. This new declaration came about in response to challenges posed by globalization, the economic and security situations following the 1997 financial crisis, and terrorist attacks impacting both the region and the world. Additionally, motivating the declaration was the desire to align the original Concord with the goals of ASEAN Vision This version of the Bali Concord enhanced the end goal to improve ASEAN s investment environment and narrow the development gap among ASEAN members. The aim of the AEC is toward the economic integration achieved by building deeper economic integration in the region and characterized by a single market and production base with free flow of goods, services, investment and labor, and freer flow of capital. 154 The ASC relies on the peaceful processes in the settlement of intra-regional differences focusing on comprehensive security, comprising national and regional resilience and ASEANS s commitment to resolve differences, disputes and conflicts peacefully and honoring the sovereignty of each nation. The ASCC exists to carry out joint measures to improve human resources development, reduce unemployment, cope with environment destruction and tackle dangerous diseases like HIV/AID and SARS. 155 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (Also known as the Bali Treaty) The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) in Southeast Asia was signed at the first ASEAN summit on February 24, 1976 by the High Contracting Parties including, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The aim of the treaty was to agree to be guided by the following principles: Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations; ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

46 ASEAN DOCUMENTS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS Figure 9: CSS Framework Education Sector Policies and Plans The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion, or coercion; Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another; Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner; Renunciation of the threat or use of force; and Effective cooperation among themselves. The TAC further aims to promote regional peace and stability by enhancing regional resilience in ASEAN via political and security dialogue and cooperation. Further, the TAC aims for regional resilience through cooperation in all fields based on the principles of self-confidence, self-reliance, mutual respect, cooperation, and solidarity to constitute the foundation for a strong and resilient community of Southeast Asian nations. Thus, ASEAN Member States 46 are urged to settle disagreements applying the procedures set forth in the TAC via friendly negotiations. However, Member States are not obligated to use the Treaty stipulations for the peaceful settlement of disputes and in the case of use of force, there is no collective security system for the States.156 Hanoi Plan of Action ( ) The first Hanoi Plan of Action (HPA) was a six year action plan covering the period from to aid in the realization of the goals set to achieve the ASEAN Vision 2020 in which Southeast Asian Nations live in peace, stability, prosperity and are bonded together in partnership for dynamic development in a community of caring societies. The progress of the plan s implementation would be reviewed every three years in concert with the ASEAN Summit meetings.157 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

47 The second Hanoi Plan of Action covers a subsequent 5 year time frame ( ) and is specific to the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) Program s agenda for the remaining goals of the GMS Economic Cooperation Strategic Framework ( ) and guides the Regional Investment Framework identifying the pipeline of GMS projects. Ministers from the GMS countries also endorsed the GMS Regional Investment Framework 2022 to support the HAP through a compilation of 222 investment and technical assistance projects valued at US $64 billion. The aim of the HAP is to expand the economic corridors and increase connectivity between countries as well as rural and urban centers to ensure a more equitable distribution of the benefit of the region s economic development. 158 Vientiane Action Programme ( ) ASEAN launched the Vientiane Action Programme (VAP) on November 29, 2004 committing ASEAN members for the first time to an explicit commitment to human rights inside the process of reform. In particular, the VAP promotes the awareness, education, and protection of human rights and determines human rights a pre-requisite for the continued success of ASEAN security goals. The goals set forth in the VAP went on to provide guidance for the ASEAN Charter commitment to creating a human rights mechanism and subsequently the inception of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). The VAP was initiated as a response to the Declaration of ASEAN Concord II (Bali II) of October 2003 to provide a path to the ASEAN Community in the realm of human rights. It focused on the organization of human rights knowledge, the creation of greater awareness and understanding of human rights and a sectoral commitment to the rights of women, children and migrant workers. The VAP called for 7 initiatives to be taken. They are as follows: 1. Completion of a stock-taking of existing human rights mechanisms and equivalent bodies, including sectoral bodies promoting the rights of women and children; 2. Formulation and adoption of Memorandums of Understanding (MOU) to establish a network among existing human rights mechanisms; 3. Formulation of work programme of the network 4. Promote education and public awareness on human rights; 5. Establishment of a network of cooperation among existing human rights mechanisms; 6. Elaboration of an ASEAN instrument on the protection and promotion of the rights of migrant workers; 7. Establishment of an ASEAN commission on the promotion and protection of the rights of women and children. 159 Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) Strategic Framework and IAI Work Plan III ( ) The Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) was launched at the ASEAN Summit in 2000 to provide a framework for regional cooperation through which more developed ASEAN members could assist member countries in need of support. Subsequently, the Bali Concord II was established to accompany the technical and developmental cooperation necessary to develop and accelerate the economic integration of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam and assist those countries in their development plan to realize their goals for the ASEAN Vision The first IAI Work Plan spanned and accomplished implementation of 134 projects and programs which attracted a total investment of USD $191 million from ASEAN-6, and approximately USD $20 million by dialogue partners, development agencies, and other partners toward narrowing the development gap of the countries in need. The subsequent Work Plan ( ) continued that work with the IAI Task Force assisting the formulation, implementation and design of the IAI Work Plan, seeking funding, working with dialogue partners, and driving the implementation of the tasks to fruition. The criteria for the IAI Work Plan projects include identifying specific needs of national development plans and building capacity for long term continuity and sustainability while promoting the development of infrastructure to promote ASEAN integration throughout the region. 160 A third Work Plan was launched in 2016 to span through 2020 outlining the next five year plan. This new plan contains a new vision of IAI, prioritizing strategic areas, objectives, and action plans within each strategic area. The plan is closely aligned with the ASEAN 2025: Forging ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

48 ASEAN DOCUMENTS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS Ahead Together and associated Blueprints for continuity of priorities and objectives. The IAI Work Plan III supports 5 Community Pillars and Sectoral Work Plans including Food and Agriculture, Trade Facilitation, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), Education, and Health and Well-being. The plan includes not only detailed ideals for growth and development in each of the areas but also provides an implementation plan and schedule for execution, managing, and tracking. 161 Figure 10 depicts the Strategic Framework for IAI Workplan III. ASEAN Cooperation on Civil Service Matters Work Plan ( ) and ASEAN Resource Center (ARC) The ASEAN Cooperation on Civil Service Matters (ACCSM) Work Plan was established by the ASEAN Heads of Civil Service to respond to challenges regarding the demographic shift in the workforce, an elevated expectation of quality customer services, to deliver greater value and efficiency, and to engage citizens in nationbuilding toward a future equipped for civil service. The ACCSM Work Plan 2016 aims to implement projects and activities to bolster leadership, talent management and public service motivation and address challenges and opportunities on digitalisation, crossagency coordination, civil service capacities and capabilities, resource constraints and transformative leadership. 162 Additionally, in 1995 at the 8 th ACCSM, a plan for the ASEAN Resource Centers (ARCs) were formulated. The ARCs were established to be formed in each of the ASEAN Member States in order to play the vital role of strengthening cooperation in civil service matters and providing avenues for capacity building within each ASEAN Member Country. The ARCs are currently present in seven ASEAM Member countries including Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. ARCs are currently being established in Cambodia and Laos. 163 ASEAN-EU Plan of Action ( ) The ASEAN-EU (European Union) Plan of Action is the successor to the Bandar Seri Begawan Plan of Action to strengthen the The role of IAI Work Plan III is to support implementation of ASEAN-wide commitments in five strategic areas Vision To assist the CLMV countries to meet ASEAN-wide targets and commitments towards realising the goals of the ASEAN Community Strategic areas & Objectives The Vision for Work Plan III continues from IAI Work Plan II because it remains relevant and easy to understand 1 Food and Agriculture 2 Trade Facilitation 3 4 MSMEs Education Health and Well-Being 5 The Strategic areas & lth Objectives were developed in consultation with Member States Actions Each strategic area contains 3-7 actions that outline measures to be taken to achieve the objectives with the strategic area Enabling actions The enabling actions help develop the overall capacity of CLMV countries The Actions were developed through national consultations in each of the CLMV countries Figure 10: Strategic Framework for IAI Workplan III 48 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

49 ASEAN-EU Enhanced Partnership ( ) and was adopted at the PMC+1 with the EU to pursue cooperation in conformity with the obligations under international law and in accordance with their respective domestic laws, regulations and policies. 164 The Plan of Action aims to continue narrowing the development gaps between ASEAN Member States through the implementation of the Work Plan of the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) and exchange expertise and best practices with the EU on sustainable development in the Lower Mekong sub-region with regard to the EU s relevant programs and experiences and the data provided by the Mekong River Commission. The plans efforts are toward: Political and Security Cooperation, Economic Cooperation. 165 Joint Statement of the ASEAN-US Special Leaders Summit 2016 The Heads of State/Government of the Member States of ASEAN and the U.S. met in Sunnyland, California from February 15-16, 2016 for a Special Leaders Summit. This was the first ever Summit marking the increasingly close U.S.- ASEAN partnership. During the summit, the Member States of ASEAN and the U.S. reaffirmed the key principles guiding their cooperation in a joint statement which detailed the following: Mutual respect for sovereignty and territory of all nations; The importance of nurturing the youth to sustain continued peace, development and stability, pursuing policies that foster economic growth, job creation, innovation, entrepreneurship and connectivity; Firm adherence to regional and international order upholding and protecting rights and privileges of all states; Shared commitment to peaceful resolution of disputes; Shared commitment to peace, security and stability in the region, maritime security and safety; Shared commitment to promote cooperation to address common challenges in maritime domain; Strong resolve to lead on global issues such as terrorism and violent extremism, trafficking in persons, drug trafficking, and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, as well as illicit trafficking of wildlife and timber; Shared commitment to address climate change and develop climate resilient, an environmentally sustainable ASEAN as well as implementing other countries contributions under the Paris Climate agreement; Shared commitment to promote security and stability in cyberspace; Shared commitment to strengthen connectivity through programs that engage American and ASEAN citizens to promote opportunities for all people, particularly the most vulnerable; and Shared commitment to continue political dialogue at the Head of Stave/Government level through Leaders attendance at the annual U.S.-ASEAN Summit and the East Asia Summit. 166 Disaster Response in Asia and the Pacific: A Guide to International Tools and Services 2013 The Disaster Response in Asia and the Pacific: A Guide to International Tools and Services was designed to assist disaster managers, national disaster management organizations (NDMOs), and disaster-affected people with basic tools for using international tools and systems that support disaster response preparedness capabilities at a national level across Asia and the Pacific. The guide focuses on preparedness phases of the disaster program cycle to: Create a common understanding of the tools and services available in the region; Support emergency decision making in small, medium, and large scale disasters; Help locate international technical expertise before and at the onset of a disaster; Facilitate partnerships between humanitarian actors; and Inform academic curricula at national and regional learning institutions. The guide was produced in response to a call by UN Member States and other humanitarian stakeholders at the Regional Humanitarian Partnership Workshop in It was developed in consultation with 75 Government officials across the Asia Pacific and with over 50 representatives of intergovernmental organizations, the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, national and international NGOs, donors, and other key worldwide agencies. 167 ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

50 ASEAN DOCUMENTS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS ASEAN Disaster Management Training Institutes Network In February 2013, a Training and Knowledge Management System (TKMS) was established to map existing Disaster Management Training Institutes (DMTIs) in the ASEAN region. Participants included DMTIs from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, the AHA Centre, with support from the ASEAN Secretariat who formed a network which would become the ASEAN Disaster Management Training Institutes Network (ADTRAIN) in October The ADTRAIN was created to be a hug of training and knowledge management for disaster risk reduction, emergency preparedness and response in the ASEAN region. Additionally, it would facilitate capacity building programs and multi-level sharing among the DMTIs and stakeholders in and outside of the region. The ADTRAIN was established with three objectives: 1. Find ways in which existing disaster management training institutes in the region can support ASEAN s capacity building efforts in emergency response and disaster risk reduction within the context of AADMER; 2. Create an environment through exchanges of materials, technology and resources; and 3. Foster cooperation among disaster management training institutes, ASEAN Member States, civil society, donors, and other stakeholders towards building disasterresilient communities. The project was set with a two year implementation plan ending in The work continues as work of the AHA Centre beyond 2015 as plans to strengthen ASEAN s mechanism on coordinating and mobilizing humanitarian assistance through the exchange of knowledge and subject matter expertise increases the development of an ASEAN-wide disaster risk assessment system of hazard and vulnerability mapping and utilizing the ADTRAIN and other priority training courses under the AADMER. 169 ASEAN Disaster Risk Insurance Program The ASEAN Roadmap for Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance (DRFI) is a program implemented to build the capacity of the region and ASEAN Member States in disaster risk information management, public policy development and knowledge management. Additionally, it aims to enhance the capacities of ASEAN Member States to: Mitigate disaster and climate risks; Manage disaster impacts through risk assessment and modeling, as well as through development of enabling institutional and policy frameworks that support risk financing and insurance solutions at the national and regional levels; and Establish cost-effective risk transfer schemes for ASEAN, such as a regional catastrophe risk insurance pool. 170 Developed in 2013, at the 17 th ASEAN Finance Ministers Meeting (AFMM) to address the impacts of disaster and climate change and ensure that regional economic gains were sustained in spite of vulnerabilities and disaster risk. Additionally, the program ensures the goals of the AADMER are achieved. The roadmap emphasizes the importance of DRFI strategies and aims to: Strengthen capacities of Member States and the region as a whole to effectively manage the impacts of disasters; Enhance the financial resilience of the ASEAN Community; and Promote regional cooperation on DRFI for a disaster and climate resilient ASEAN. 171 AADMER Partnership Group The AADMER Partnership Group in ASEAN was formed in It is a group of seven Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) that collaborate with AADMER. It is comprised of the following organizations: Child Fund International, Help Age International, Mercy Malaysia, Oxfam, Plan International, Save the Children International, and World Vision International. APG works with ASEAN towards a people centered implementation of AADMER and focuses on the promotion, visibility, and participation of vulnerable groups Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

51 ASEAN Information Sharing Disaster Management Reference Handbook March 2019

52 INFORMATION SHARING Information Sharing Understanding how to overcome the information challenges that civilian and military agencies experience during a typical disaster response mission is important. Knowing what the available HADR resources are will assist Joint Task Force leaders and staff during mission planning. 173 Sharing information is critical since no single responding entity, NGO, International Governmental Organization (IGO), assisting country government, and host governments can be the source of all the required information. 174 Collaboration, Information Sharing (IS), and networking has been the backbone of successful disaster response and preparation. Disseminating information not only to those in country and threatened by disaster, but also to those responding to assist in the emergency has been crucial to timely, efficient and effective disaster response. Recent technology has advanced to aid predicting and alerting of disasters around the world which has resulted in early warning and evacuation measures and well as opportunities to react and prepare for incoming threats to countries. The following are some of the ways in which information regarding disaster risk management and response are shared. Managing information is central to the overall mechanisms within disaster preparedness and response. There are many resources, stakeholders, and components to consider with IS before, during, and after a natural disaster. Disseminating accurate and timely information to and from Member States will increase the likelihood that resources will meet the need of the affected country. 175 This section will discuss ASEAN specific, humanitarian, and regional sources. ASEAN Information Sources The AHA Centre disseminates information on a regular basis to the public to raise awareness on disaster risk reduction and preparedness. During emergency times, the AHA Centre releases immediate Flash Updates and Situation Updates. Whereas in non-emergency times, the AHA Centre publishes a weekly disaster update called Diasfore, and a monthly newsletter; The Column. All of these publications are available on www. ahacentre.org as well as the AHA Centre s social media accounts. Figure 11 is an example of a Flash Update. Flash updates can be found here: ahacentre.org/flash-updates/ The AHA Centre also posts Situation Updates. These include information of events, forecast and anticipated risk, as well as assessment of damage, impact, and humanitarian needs. Figure 12 is an example of a situational update. Situation updates can be found here: situation-updates/ The AHA Centre posts Weekly Disaster Updates. These often include a regional summary and tally of the affected population. Often links to country and disasters logs are listed. Weekly Disaster Updates can be found here: ahacentre.org/asean-weekly-disaster-update/ The AHA Centre has an official Twitter since July They currently have 2,606 followers and have shared over 4500 tweets. AHA also has a Facebook page with over 14,000 followers. ahacentre. They use these forums to provide disaster management information and provide updates and tools to an international audience. The Weekly Disaster Update is also shared on these sites along with photos and videos of disaster management trainings and exercises. The AHA Centre has a scientific publication in disaster management, titled the ASEAN Risk Monitor and Disaster Management Review (ARMOR). ARMOR aims to promote collaboration and information sharing among the disaster management community by consolidating disaster risk monitoring knowledge and contribute to the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) Priority Programmes 1, 5, 6 and 7 with the following objectives: 176 Sharing latest Disaster and Climate Risk Monitoring research initiatives, and collaborations; Sharing of lessons learnt from past deployments, latest operational initiatives, training activities and best practices; Bridging the gap between research and operations through translational and application research initiatives for the benefit of ASEAN communities; and Building awareness and increasing potential collaborative efforts between ASEAN Member States and interested stakeholders. 52 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

53 SATURDAY 26 JAN HRS UTC +7 FLOODING AND LANDSLIDE IN INDONESIA FLASH UPDATE #1 6,956 AFFECTED PERSONS EFFECTS 3,481 DISPLACED PERSONS 79 DAMAGED HOUSES CASUALTIES 59 DEAD 25 MISSING 47 INJURED Sidenreng Rappang Wajo Soppeng Barru Pangkajene Dan Kepulauan Maros Sinjai Gowa Makassar Takalar Bantaeng Jeneponto Kepulauan Selayar FLOOD LANDSLIDE TORNADO Indonesia The National Disaster Management Organisation of Indonesia, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB), is currently responding to the situation. Since 24 January 2019, AHA Centre has been closely monitoring the event on the DMRS. Based on official figures provided by BNPB, a total of 106 villages, spread across 61 subdistricts in 13 districts (Map above), in South Sulawesi were affected. In addition to the summary of effects and casualties provided above, there are 4,857 submerged houses, 11,876 hectares of submerged rice fields, 10 damaged bridges, 16.2 kilometre of damaged roads, 2 damaged markets, 12 damaged worship facilities, 6 damaged government facilities, and 22 damaged schools, to date. Floods have receded in several areas. The joint Search and Rescue team continues to evacuate, search, and rescue victims. Help continues to arrive from various parties. BPBD with BNPB, TNI, Polri, Basarnas, Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Public Works, Regional Work Units, NGOs, volunteers and various other elements continue to assist in handling emergencies. The Head of BNPB, Doni Monardo, provided ready-to-use funds worth USD 72,309 and logistics worth USD 59,051 for emergency handling. These were immediately received by the Governor of South Sulawesi, HM Nurdin Abdullah, at the Office of the Governor on 24 January AHA Centre had also noted the probability of similar events happening in several parts of Indonesia until the end of the month, due to the forecasted continuous rain. AHA Centre is continuously monitoring the event for significant developments. Figure 11: AHA Centre Flash Updates ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

54 INFORMATION SHARING SITUATION UPDATE NO FINAL M 7.4 EARTHQUAKE & TSUNAMI Sulawesi, Indonesia Glide: EQ IDN Friday, 26 October 2018, 12:00 hrs (UTC+7) No. 15 This Situation Update is provided by the AHA Centre for use by the ASEAN Member States and relevant stakeholders. The information presented is collected from various sources, including but not limited to, ASEAN Member States government agencies, UN, IFRC, NGOs and news agencies. Figure 12: AHA Centre Situation Updates 54 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

55 Risk Monitoring & Early Warning In addition to information reports and publications, the AHA Centre has Risk Monitoring and Early Warning Systems. The ASEAN communities are geographically located in a location susceptible to natural disasters and thus have had to mitigate best practices for DRM and DRR. Primarily, the plans for risk management and reduction are warning systems to alleviate the reach of the damage to the communities at risk. The challenge of implementation has been varied depending on the country s access to technology. In general however, efforts have been successful in implementing services for warning and response across all of ASEAN. One of the core strengths of the ASEAN spirit is translated into concrete action via its leadership in providing Risk Identification, Early Warning and Monitoring. Through these activities, AHA Centre aims to reduce loss of life and damage to property from natural disasters through the identification of hazards and risks prior to impacts and increase the warning time of natural disasters. 177 The following are details of some of these practices and systems including the ASEAN Disaster Monitoring and Response System (DMRS), the Web-based Emergency Operation Centre (WebEOC), ASEAN Disaster Information Network (ADInet), and the ASEAN Science-based Disaster Management Platform (ASDMP). Disaster Monitoring and Response System (DMRS) In 2010, President Barack Obama initiated an offer of support to ASEAN to develop a multi-hazard early warning system. Following which, the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre) in conjunction with a team of international specialists began work on installing the ASEAN DMRS to provide streams of data on events such as earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, forest fires, and other natural disasters from all over ASEAN and providing all of this information on one interface to enhance disaster monitoring and decision making. The system compiles and transforms the information from national and international hazard monitoring disaster warning agencies into a big picture regional event-tracking and decision making support tool. The tool utilizes maps and modeling applications to improve response times and lead to more efficient use of relief resources. 178 The Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) designed and installed the system and led the training to ensure disaster operators were fully conversant with the system and could maximize the AHA Centre s ability to fully assist ASEAN Member States in preparing for, and responding to disasters. 179 The PDC feeds information to the DMRS which receives constant inputs on hazards in the region as they happen as well as hydro meteorological data such as wind speed and direction, clouds, sea temperature, etc. The maps can provide additional information with overlays based on population density data, location of airports and seaports, and major roads and infrastructure to provide context to threats and enable specific analysis for response and mitigation planning. 180 The system was formally launched on January 10, 2013 with funding from USAID and enhances advanced disaster monitoring, warning, modeling, evidence-based decision making, and trans-border cooperation capabilities in the region. The DMRS was developed based on PDC s DisasterAWARE product and customized to meet specific ASEAN requirements. 181 It shows real time information hazards in the region as they occur as well as presents hydrometeorological data such as wind direction and speed, clouds, and sea temperature. The maps can be overlaid with additional information including population density data, locations of airports, seaports, and other major roads and infrastructure. 182 Other custom versions of DisasterAWARE are in use by individual Member States of ASEAN such as Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. 183 Figure 13 shows a screenshot of the DMRS for the Philippines. The DMRS website is located here: at ahacentre.org/subscribe-to-flash-update/, or info@ahacentre.org WebEOC WebEOC is an informational platform which enables communication and information sharing between the AHA Centre and NDMOs, during emergency and non-emergency periods. The movement of resources, correspondence between the affected country and assisting entity, situational changes, and decisions are able to be accessed and recorded in this platform. The ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

56 INFORMATION SHARING Figure 13: AHA Centre Disaster Monitoring & Response System WebEOC also contains information regarding standby assets and capabilities of ASEAN Member States and other international partners. Having this information enables the AHA Centre to mobilize resources quickly. 184 ASEAN Disaster Information Network (ADInet) In addition to the DMRS monitoring system and WebEOC, ADInet is an open platform for the public to access a repository of information concerning hazards and disasters as well as submit information about disasters in the region to the AHA Centre. The AHA Centre collects and verifies submitted information for accuracy and posts relevant and necessary updates and data inputs to the platform for centralized and easily accessed information on natural disasters such as flood, landslide, wind, storm, drought, volcano and earthquakes in the region. It has been operational since Figure 14 depicts ADInet s home webpage. The website is located here: org. ASEAN Science-based Disaster Management Platform (ASDMP) Another platform that can be utilized is the ASDMP. The ASDMP is a one-stop interactive research portal that houses more than a thousand disaster-related research products for Southeast Asia, and connects disaster management practitioners and policy makers with scientists and researchers. It houses thousands of resources on disasters including documents and publications, reports and research, legislation on disaster risk reduction and disaster management as well as a discussion forum where individuals can pose questions, participate in surveys and create conversation about issues surrounding disaster management and mitigation. 186 Disaster information, documents, publications, DM Community information, and discussion forums can be accessed through this platform. The ASDMP can be accessed here: ahacentre.org/asdmp/index.do 56 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

57 HOME REPORTS SUBMIT A REPORT GET ALERTS CONTACT US FILTERS ALL NEWS PICTURES VIDEO CATEGORY FILTER [ HIDE ] ALL CATEGORIES OIL SPILL FLOOD LANDSLIDE WIND STORM TSUNAMI DROUGHT VOLCANO EARTHQUAKE WILD FIRE 200 km 200 mi Scale = 1 : 14M , In addition to ASEAN specific sources, there are many humanitarian, and regional sources that can be used for information sharing in the region. These sources include websites, situation reports, as well as platforms. Humanitarian Information Sources UNOCHA mail list (available by request to be added) ReliefWeb is a service of UNOCHA that consolidates information and analysis from organizations, countries and disasters for the humanitarian community. Website: PreventionWeb is provided by UNISDR to consolidate disaster risk reduction information into an online, easy to understand platform. Website: International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is an independent, neutral organization ensuring humanitarian protection and assistance for victims of war and armed violence. It takes action in response to emergencies and at the same time promotes respect for international 2019 Microsoft Corporation Earthstar Geographics SIO Terms of Use Figure 14: The ASEAN Disaster Information Network How to Report By using an app: iphone humanitarian law and its implementation in national law. Website: Website: Humanitarian Response is a platform providing the humanitarian community a means to aid in coordination of operational information and related activities. Website: info/ Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS)/Virtual OSOCC is a cooperation framework between the United Nations, the European Commission and disaster managers worldwide to improve alerts, information exchange and coordination in the first phase after major sudden-onset disasters. Website: The latest alerts can be found here: gdacs.org/alerts/default.aspx To subscribe: contactus.aspx ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

58 INFORMATION SHARING Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System On December 26, 2004 a strong earthquake struck the west coast of Northern Sumatra, Indonesia generating a large tsunami that reached widely across the Indian Ocean and to the east coast of Africa. The tsunami caused severe damage in Sri Lanka which had no prior notice of the earthquake, nor the incoming tsunami until it hit. The tsunami resulted in a death toll of more than 22, As a result of the devastation, and in order to initiate disaster prevention specifically for the region, the United Nation s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission began efforts to create an Indian Ocean tsunami early warning system. The system tracks earthquake activity in the Indian Ocean and transmits to the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) based in Hawaii and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) in Tokyo. The PTWC and the JMA provide the tsunami watch by receiving earthquake information and data from tidal gauges and deep ocean assessment and reporting of tsunamis (DART) sensors or buoys. They operate to determine the size of the earthquake and predict any potential tsunami activity and the arrival times wherever possible. Today, 26 out of 28 Indian Ocean countries have focal points to receive tsunami bulletins. Warnings to the populations are delivered via airwaves- radio, television, SMS, , and also manually, using bells, megaphones or loud speakers attached to mosques to deliver warning messages. Some countries practice evacuation drills with local agencies and many coordinate efforts with NGOs and other community groups to educate and coordinate with the local populations on disaster planning and preparedness. 188 Consider other sites such as: Humanitarian Country Teams (HCT) The HCT is a strategic and operational decision-making and oversight forum established and led by the Humanitarian Coordinator in each country. It is generally comprised of representatives from the UN, IOM, international NGOs, and the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement. During a disaster response, HCT s often produce a Situation Report, often in conjunction with UNOCHA. Most HCT SitReps can be found through ReliefWeb: Humanitarian Data Exchange (HDX) is an open platform for sharing data across crises and organizations launched in 2014 with the goal of centralizing humanitarian data for easy access and analysis. HDX is managed by the Center for Humanitarian Data in The Hague and is part of OCHA the United Nations Secretariat. Website: Regional Information Sources Singapore's Armed Forces Changi Regional HADR Coordination Centre (RHCC) was launched in September 2014 to support the military of a disaster affected state in coordinating assistance with foreign military. It aims to provide open, inclusive and flexible platforms that allow both regional and extraregional militaries to work together effectively in a multinational disaster response effort. RHCC manages the OPERA CIS web portal to broadcast updated situation status of multinational military responses to disasters to minimize duplication and gaps in the provision of foreign military assistance. Website: To subscribe to RHCC Weekly and Spot Reports, Changi_RHCC@defence.gov.sg United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (UNOCHA ROAP) seeks to optimize the speed, volume and quality of humanitarian assistance and coordinates emergency preparedness and response in the world s most disaster-prone region in support of national governments. ROAP covers 41 countries partnering with them for coordinated and effective international responses to emergency situations. Website: For UNOCHA situation reports, click on Subscribe button on bottom of page. 58 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

59 US Government (USG) Information Sources U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) USAID is committed to responding to crises around the world to help people and places most in need. They aim to: Promote Global Health; Support Global Stability; Provide Humanitarian Assistance; Catalyze Innovation and Partnership; and Empower Women and Girls. USAID produces a monthly newsletter called USAID Newsletter which is available digitally at, newsletter More information and updates from USAID is available via their blog, IMPACT at, usaid.gov/ and on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube. Website: Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) The U.S. Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance is responsible for leading and coordinating the U.S. Government response to disasters overseas. OFDA responds to an average of 65 disasters in more than 50 countries every year. OFDA fulfils its mandate of saving lives, alleviating human suffering and the reduction of the social and economic impact to disasters worldwide in partnership with USAID functional and regional bureaus and other U.S. government agencies. OFDA works with the international population to assist countries prepare for, respond to and recover from humanitarian crises. 189 USAID/OFDA products are sitreps, and maps which are available via mailing lists. For OFDA updates on a disaster response, ask the OFDA representative for the respective COCOM to add you to the list: OFDAindopacom@ofda.gov OFDAsouthcom@ofda.gov OFDAafricom@ofda.gov OFDAnorthcom@ofda.gov OFDAcentcom@ofda.gov OFDAeucom@ofda.gov OFDAsocom@ofda.gov Pacific Disaster Center The Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) has trademarked an early warning and decision support system called DisasterAWARE. DisasterAWARE is primarily for disaster management practitioners and senior decision makers and supports disaster risk reduction and best practices throughout all phases of disaster management from early warning, multi-hazard monitoring, and boasts the largest collection of scientifically verified, geospatial data and modeling tools to assess hazard risks and impacts. The PDC also hosts a public application, Disaster Alert which is a free, early warning app to receive customizable map based visual alerts of active hazards. The app offers the fastest, most comprehensive global notification system covering every type of natural and man-made hazard to the public. It is available on both iphone and Android. There is also a link to Disaster Alert without the app to view the world map documenting 18 hazard types. 190 Website: DisasterAWARE / Emergency Operations (EMOPS) system: (Request account): To subscribe to PDC reports response@ pdc.org DoD Information Sources All Partners Access Network (APAN) APAN is the Unclassified Information Sharing Service (UISS) for the U.S. Department of Defense. APAN provides the DoD and mission partners community space and collaboration tools to leverage information to effectively plan, train and respond to meet their business requirements and mission objectives. Importantly, APAN s technology team has been supporting humanitarian assistance and disaster response (HADR) operations for over 15 years. APAN has played an integral role in the success of disaster responses in the 2015 California Wildfire Response, the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan Response among others in which they provided organizations and militaries a centralized location to share information, increase situational awareness and decrease ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

60 INFORMATION SHARING response time and duplicated efforts for best practices in HADR services. 191 Website: Note: The Multinational Communications Interoperability Program (MCIP) has an APAN site used in planning exercises and real world HADR information sharing. 192 Joint Typhoon Warning Center provides advanced warning for U.S. government agencies and organizations in relevant areas. Website: APCSS is a U.S. Department of Defense institute that addresses regional and global security issues, inviting military and civilian representatives of the U.S. and Asia-Pacific nations to its comprehensive program of executive education and workshops. Website: The Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DM) There are several informational products available for download from CFE-DM. They produce Disaster Information Reports (CDIRs), Humanitarian Information Reports (CHIP), Best Practices Pamphlets, Case Studies, Fact Sheets, a report on the ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan Workshops, among others. CFE-DM also works to improve cross-coordination and reduce duplication of efforts and promote U.S. involvement in civ-mil consultations and dialogs with relevant HADR parties such as the AHA Centre, UNOCHA, and the RHCC. CFE provides DMHA resources and updates on its website, as well as via their Facebook and Twitter accounts. A link to the CFE-DM website is located here: Website: CFE-DM has completed Disaster Management Reference Handbooks for all ten ASEAN Member States. Figure 15 depicts the covers of each handbook. CFE-DM's Disaster Management (DM) Reference Handbooks provide a baseline of information regarding countries most prone to disasters. The handbooks offer readers an operational understanding of a nation's disaster management capability and vulnerability, with detailed information on demographics, hazards, infrastructure, DM laws and plans, regional and international assistance, and other areas vital to a comprehensive disaster management knowledge base. They can be downloaded here: Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks Figure 15: Disaster Management Reference Handbooks for Ten ASEAN Member States 60 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

61 ASEAN ASEAN Continued Vision Disaster Management Reference Handbook March 2019

62 ASEAN CONTINUED VISION ASEAN Continued Vision Established in 1967, ASEAN set out to accomplish several ambitious goals toward unifying the region toward prosperity and advancement. Over the past 50 years, ASEAN has continued to develop its strategic coordination and shepherding of its three pillars; Political- Security Community, Economic Community, and Socio-Cultural Community. 193 ASEAN continues to be forward thinking with goals and specific guidelines for the economic, social, human, prosperity and safety of its people. The ASEAN Vision 2050 drives those goals and meets regularly with summits and coordinating events to track and manage the guiding platforms. Toward the future, the ASEAN Leaders have adopted the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity (MPAC) 2025 as a successor to the MPAC The MPAC 2025 is a comprehensive framework to link the region through physical, institutional, and person to person interaction. The Master Plan focuses on five strategic areas: sustainable infrastructure, digital innovation, seamless logistics, regulatory excellence, and people mobility. Additionally, the Plan seeks to improve the way people live, work, and travel in the region for a more competitive, innovative, resilient environment. The forward momentum of these strategies for the social and environmental sustainability of the region continue to support the core of ASEAN s work to promote peace, security and prosperity in the region. 194 Equally important to the ambitious plans and strategies ASEAN has set into place has been the accountability ASEAN Member States have to report and track progress toward the goals and time lines for progress. The following section details the ways in which ASEAN tracks its progress. ASEANstats and Achievements The ASEAN Statistics Division (ASEANstats) is a division under the ASEAN Economic Community Department whose main functions are: Development of regional indicators, data frameworks and systems for monitoring ASEAN Community goals and initiatives; Compilation, consolidation, dissemination and communication of statistical information on the ASEAN region and its Member States; Provision of statistical services to the ASEAN Secretariat, ASEAN bodies and ASEAN stakeholders; Harmonization of ASEAN statistics standardization of concepts, definitions, classifications, and approaches; Implementation, coordination and facilitation of regional statistical programs and activities including those of the working groups, task forces within the ASEAN Framework of Cooperation in Statistics, with guidance from the ASEAN Community Statistical System (ACSS) Committee; and Implementation of policies and facilitation of partnership between the ACSS Committee, ASEAN bodies, and international/regional statistical communities. The ASEAN Community Progress Monitoring System (ACPMS) tracks pertinent socioeconomic progress and trends in ASEAN through the use of outcomes-level Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) as well as the ASEAN Socio- Cultural Community (ASCC). They provide the date via annual statistical publications, online databases, and by specific request. Progress is tracked with regard to Population, Education and Health, Employment, Macroeconomics, Trade in Goods, Trade in Services, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Transportation, Tourism, Agriculture, Manufacturing, Other Social, and Other Sectors. 195 Disaster and Climate Resilience ASEAN Member States (AMS) by virtue of geographic location experience many of the world s worst natural disaster. Additionally, the growing threat of climate change can magnify these events for the AMS. Therefore, AMS has been very proactive with efforts to address both disaster risk management as well as climate change adaptation. The Hyogo Framework set up a plan of action for reducing disaster risk, the Millennium Development Goals were also implemented with the goal of improving the life of the region s most vulnerable and at risk communities. Climate change efforts were focused on weather variability, rise in average temperatures, and sea levels. Additionally, disaster risks of the country, human impact, environmental degradation, and ecosystem destruction are 62 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

63 also noted contributors overall DRM and CCA. Therefore, policy should reflect the sustainable development for adequate efforts to reduce risk and scale of climate change for the region. However, coordination between DRR and CCA efforts is often institutionally segregated due to parallel efforts and agencies managing the plans and results. ASEAN countries have separate platforms for DRM and CCA. Institutional integration between the two efforts would reduce administrative burdens, increase the overall efficiency of financial, human and natural resources and increase the overall benefit of risk reduction. 196 There are many other ASEAN documents and plans addressing climate change and disaster risk, and sustainable development including, the Roadmap for an ASEAN Community ( ), ASEAN Community s Post-2015 Vision, ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response, ASEAN Climate Change Initiative, ASEAN Action Plan on Joint Response to Climate Change, and the ASEAN Declaration on Environmental Sustainability. 197 In 2015 ASEAN adopted a Declaration on Institutionalising the Resilience of ASEAN and Its Communities and Peoples to Disasters and Climate Change. The Declaration focused on the exposure of AMS to various natural hazards and vulnerability to extreme weather due to climate change as well as the economic, social, cultural, physical and environmental effects of those incidences to the sustainable development of the region. As a result, 12 commitments were made in the declaration to promote development in building a more resilient ASEAN Community with regard to disasters and climate change. 198 ASEAN s International Partnerships in HADR ASEAN has partnered far beyond its original 10 Member States creating lasting and strengthening ties and collaborations across the globe. ASEAN has formed formal partnerships and agreements with Australia, Canada, China, the European Union, Germany, India, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Tokyo, Russia, the Republic of Korea, Switzerland, and the United States. 199 The ASEAN community also recognizes the vital role that relationships play with the humanitarian community including IFRC, RedR Australia, ACMC, and UNOCHA just to name a few. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is an independent humanitarian organization which comprises the 190 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies worldwide. It facilitates and promotes all forms of humanitarian activities by its National Societies, with a view to preventing and alleviating human suffering thereby contributing to the maintenance and promotion of world peace. It was founded in 1919, and includes 190 Red Cross and Red Crescent National Societies. The IFRC carries out relief operations to assist victims of disasters, and combines this with development work to strengthen the capacities of its member National Societies. 200 There are IFRC Country offices in Myanmar and the Philippines and all 10 ASEAN Member States have a national Red Cross. 201 The National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies located in the ASEAN Region are committed to alleviation of human suffering in the aftermath of natural and man-made disasters, and other related challenges in the ASEAN region. In addition, the National Societies with support from IFRC provide support in preparing for, responding to and mitigating the impact of the various humanitarian issues in the region. The IFRC is committed to the ASEAN community and respects the fundamental humanitarian principles of the region by demonstrating a strong foundation of volunteers. They also adhere to the Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement which are humanity, independence, neutrality, impartiality, voluntary service, unity and universality. In addition, enhancing partnerships, joint engagements, and initiatives such as "One ASEAN, One Response" are important tenets of the organization. Building on these regional synergies towards the ASEAN vision of building a safer and disaster resilient region, the IFRC and its member National Societies have committed to help support the vision of ASEAN. 202 The Checklist on the Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance (IDRL) In 2007 the International Red Cross Red Crescent Movement and the State Parties to the Geneva Conventions adopted the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance (IDRL Guidelines). The ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

64 ASEAN CONTINUED VISION IDRL Guidelines provide best practices on legal preparedness for international humanitarian assistance, through strengthening governments legal and policy frameworks for addressing common legal and operational problems for incoming and outgoing international aid, as well as assist governments to avoid unnecessary delays in dissemination of humanitarian relief while ensuring good coordination and quality of aid. 203 The core principles of the IDRL Guidelines are as follows: 204 Domestic actors have the primary role to respond to disasters within their territory; International relief providers have responsibilities; International actors need legal facilities; and Some legal facilities should be conditional. Over 30 countries have adopted new laws and/ or procedures based on the IDRL Guidelines since its adoption in In addition, National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, have provided support to over 100 countries with regard to best practices for international humanitarian assistance. A subsequent version was created in 2017 called the Checklist on the Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance (the IDRL Checklist) to supplement the Guidelines with additional tools. The IDRL Checklist s intended audience is national authorities, law and policy makers, national disaster management organizations, social ministries and department heads, the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, international and regional organizations, disaster risk management practitioners and local and civil society actors implementing or assisting with disaster related law and policy making actions. The IDRL Guidelines and Checklist can be used for preparedness planning, simulation exercises, law drafting and law reform, and to inform operations of common legal barriers to international humanitarian assistance. It can also be used as a stand-alone guide for discussions and consultations by all international disaster response actors. 205 RedR Australia RedR and the AHA Centre have signed a Memorandum of Intent in order to for a partnership between the two entities. This partnership is channeled under the Australia Assists Technical Assistance in Disaster Risk Management Programme, which a managed by RedR Australian and the Australian Government s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). The Memorandum of Intent is a bilateral effort to expand and formalize the partnership between the two parties. The collaboration between AHA Centre and RedR aims to strengthen disaster response in ASEAN and to develop better disaster management capabilities in the region. This will enable more robust deployable experts in ASEAN, as well as efficient roster management practices, effective monitoring, evaluation, accountability and learning processes, for appropriate and effective risk management. RedR Australia has also cooperated with the AHA Centre s training programs, such as the AHA Centre Executive (ACE) Programme. 206 Australian Civil-Military Centre (ACMC) The ACMC is an initiative of the Australian Government administered by the Australian Ministry of Defence with the mission to support the development of national civil, military, and police capabilities to prevent, prepare for, and respond more effectively to conflicts and disasters overseas. The ACMC works within the national security environment to promote Australia s coordination efforts within government and with Australia s international partners. 207 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) UNOCHA was established in 1998 as part of the Secretary-General s reform program to expand the coordination of humanitarian response, policy development, and humanitarian advocacy. OCHA is responsible for bringing together humanitarian actors to coordinate a cohesive response to emergencies. OCHA rapidly deploys expert teams to crisis areas and maintains an Emergency Response Roster of teams standing by to deploy in three month rotations. OCHA provides funding for life saving activities and has 30 field offices, 6 regional offices and 18 Humanitarian Adviser Teams around the world. OCHA delivers its mandate through: Coordination of people, tools and experience; Advocacy on behalf of people affected by conflict and disaster; Information Management - collecting, analyzing and sharing critical information; Humanitarian Financing - organizing and monitoring humanitarian funding; and Policy - providing guidance and clarity on humanitarian policy Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

65 ASEAN Conclusion Disaster Management Reference Handbook March 2019

66 CONCLUSION Conclusion Since its inception in 1967, ASEAN has championed an idealized society in which the whole of the ASEAN community as a geographical region and as a people work together to accomplish economic, political, social, and physical prosperity. Driven by the original five nation s goal to represent the collective will of the people of Southeast Asia, they have committed to: bind themselves together in friendship, cooperation, and through a joint effort to secure peace, freedom and prosperity for the people and their posterity. Guided by these original goals and with the additions of the remaining Member States, they planned specific declarations and initiatives to bring them to fruition. As a result, ASEAN has continued, for over 50 years, to build on its successes with a focus on a peaceful community, a sustainable, highly integrated economy; fundamental human rights for all, a higher quality of life and a resilient and self-sufficient disaster management plan to protect the bright future of the region. 209 Efforts such as the ASEAN Community Vision 2025 highlight the specific goals of ASEAN. The ASEAN Political-Security Community focuses on ASEAN s commitment to peaceful relations, human rights and freedoms, a stand against nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, and continues to develop partnerships and alliances for its efforts. The ASEAN Economic Community continues to grow highly competitive trade, investment and job creation in the region as it is projected to rise to the fourth largest economy in the world by The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community focuses its aim toward inclusivity and resilience to capacity and capability in adapting and responding to human and natural disasters as well as emerging climate change threats and challenges. 211 These efforts maintain ASEAN s commitment to the goals of the founding Member States to improve the lives of Southeast Asian people through economic and cultural development, social progress, regional peace and security, collaboration, mutual assistance in training and research, improvement in standard of living, and the promotion of Southeast Asian studies and cooperation with regional and international organizations. 212 Geographically, the Asia Pacific Region, where ASEAN Member States are located, is the world s most vulnerable region to natural disasters. Disaster events in the region in the last decade have shown hazards to be more intense, more frequent, and more unpredictable. 213 Therefore, with regard to disaster response and climate change adaptation, ASEAN has proactively led the way in the region. Establishing structures such as the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) in 2009 which aids in efforts to envision disaster resilient nations and make safer communities in the ASEAN region. Specifically, AADMER exists to provide a structure by which ASEAN can jointly respond to disaster emergencies. 214 Additionally, the 2014 ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP) is one component of the "One ASEAN, One Response" strategy adopted by the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Disaster Management (AMMDM). 215 It provides a common framework to deliver timely, atscale, and joint responses to disasters through mobilization of required assets and capacities applying primarily during preparedness and response phases. 216 Coordinating these efforts toward disaster management is the AHA Centre, established in 2011 to facilitate regional cooperation for disaster response, joint emergency preparedness, and operational regional coordination mechanisms for emergency preparedness and response. The AHA Centre works as the key facilitation unit with the cooperation and coordination within ASEAN Member States and other important agencies such as the United Nations and international partners. During a disaster, the AHA Centre is the first point of contact for all ASEAN Member States and coordinates all responding activities. 217 These teams and initiatives ensure ASEAN nations are prepared for, can react to, and recover from disasters in the region. It is evident that ASEAN has been successful in its strides toward its goals for the region and continues to reach forward toward the future of a prosperous ASEAN. 66 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

67 ASEAN Appendices Disaster Management Reference Handbook March 2019

68 APPENDICES Appendices HFA Country Progress Report The primary aim of the Regional Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) monitor is to capture information on the status and progress of disaster risk reduction efforts from a regional or sub-regional perspective. The HFA encourages sub/regional intergovernmental and international organizations to review the progress and status of the implementation of the framework at regional and global levels. Specifically, the HFA calls upon regional organizations to: Promote regional programs, including programs for technical cooperation, capacity development, the development of methodologies and standards for hazard and vulnerability monitoring and assessment, the sharing of information and effective mobilization of resources, in view of supporting national and regional efforts to achieve the objectives of the HFA; Undertake and publish regional and subregional baseline assessments of status in disaster risk reduction; Coordinate and publish periodic reviews on progress in the region and on impediments and support needs, and assist countries, as requested in the preparation of periodic national summaries of their programs and progress; Establish or strengthen existing specialized regional collaborative centers as appropriate; Support the development of regional mechanisms and capacity for early warning to disasters. 218 The most recent inputs to the regional HFA monitor for ASEAN were collected from designated focal points in the regional or subregional inter-governmental organizations and generated comprehensive Regional HFA Progress Reviews for the period The preparation of the ASEAN specific Regional Progress Report was undertaken during the period and facilitated by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). The progress report primarily assesses the trans-boundary issues and the status and progress in the implementation of disaster risk reduction actions in ASEAN countries and establishes baselines for the levels of progress achieved with regard to the implementation of the HFA s five priorities for action. 219 The ASEAN HFA progress report summaries the key findings of the multi-stakeholder review of transboundary risks and progress in risk reduction efforts at the sub-regional level; highlighting relevant gaps and challenges, with regard to existing sub-regional risk reduction commitments, strategies, frameworks and action plans. In July 2010, the ASEAN Member States signed the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) Agreement to initiate a regional framework for cooperation, coordination, technical assistance and resource mobilization in all aspects of disaster management in order to affirm ASEAN s commitment to the HFA and is the first legally binding HFA related instrument in the world. 220 ASEAN Regional Progress Report on the Implementation of HFA ( ) The ASEAN regional progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) ( ) assesses the transboundary issues and status and progress of the implementation of disaster risk reduction actions in ASEAN countries and establishes baselines on levels of progress achieved with respect to the implementation of the HFA s five priorities for action. 221 Table 2 shows the results of the Regional HFA for ASEAN. The full report is available at detailing the specifics of ASEANs progress report can be found at: net/files/39137_39137aseansubregionalrepo rt pdf 68 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

69 Priority for Action #1: Ensure disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation (Sub-) Regional Indicator (Sub-)Regional Indicator Description 1 A (sub-) regional framework, strategy or action plan for disaster risk reduction exists. 2 A multi-sectoral (sub-) regional institutional mechanism exists. 4 3 Institutional mechanism in place to monitor risk reduction status and progress at (sub-) regional level. 4 (Sub-) regional training/capacity building programs/institutions exist to support capacity building for DRR at national/regional levels. Priority for Action #2: Risk assessment and early warning systems (Sub-) Regional Indicator (Sub-)Regional Indicator Description 5 Institutional mechanism and procedures are in place to carry out transboundary risk assessments. 6 (Sub-) regional early warning systems exist. 3 Level of Progress Achieved Level of Progress Achieved Priority for Action #3: Use knowledge, innovation and education to build culture of safety and resilience at all levels (Sub-) Regional Indicator (Sub-)Regional Indicator Description 7 (Sub-) regional information and knowledge sharing mechanism available. 4 8 (Sub-) regional research institutions for disaster risk reduction exist. 4 Priority for Action #4: Reducing underlying risk factors (Sub-) Regional Indicator (Sub-)Regional Indicator Description 9 DRR is an integral objective of (sub-) regional policies and plans (Sub-) regional infrastructure projects have processes to assess disaster risk 3 impacts. Priority for Action #5: Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels (Sub-) Regional Indicator (Sub-)Regional Indicator Description 11 (Sub-) regional response mechanism in place to address disaster preparedness, emergency relief and rehabilitation issues across borders. 12 (Sub-) regional contingency mechanism exists to support countries in post disaster recovery. 13 (Sub-) regional catastrophe risk pooling facility available (Sub-) regional information exchange mechanism in place for effective communication during trans-boundary disasters. 4 Level of Progress Achieved Level of Progress Achieved Level of Progress Achieved Table Notes: *Level of Progress: 1 Minor progress with few signs of forward action in plans or policy 2 Some progress, but without systematic policy and/ or institutional commitment 3 Institutional commitment attained, but achievements are neither comprehensive nor substantial 4 Substantial achievement attained but with recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or operational capacities 5 Comprehensive achievement with sustained commitment and capacities at all levels Table 2: Results of ASEAN Regional HFA, ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

70 APPENDICES Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction ( ) The Sendai Framework is the global blueprint and fifteen-year plan to build the world s resilience to natural disasters. 222 The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction outlines seven clear targets and four priorities for action to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risks: The Seven Global Targets include: Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower average per 100,000 global mortality rates in the decade compared to the period Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower average global figure per 100,000 in the decade compared to the period Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, among them health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies by Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of this Framework by Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to the people by The Four Priorities of Action include: Understanding disaster risk; Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk; Investing in disaster reduction for resilience; and Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to Build Back Better in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. The Sendai Framework aims to achieve the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries over the next 15 years. It was adopted at the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan in The Sendai Framework is the successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) : Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. 225 Figure 16 depicts the Sendai DRR Framework.The scope and purpose, expected outcome, goals, targets and priorities for action for the Sendai Framework are detailed. 70 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

71 Chart of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Scope and purpose The present framework will apply to the risk of small-scale and large-scale, frequent and infrequent, sudden and slow-onset disasters, caused by natural or manmade hazards as well as related environmental, technological and biological hazards and risks. It aims to guide the multi-hazard management of disaster risk in development at all levels as well as within and across all sectors Expected outcome The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries Goal Prevent new and reduce existing disaster risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political and institutional measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience Targets Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower average per 100,000 global mortality between compared to Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower the average global figure per 100,000 between compared to Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030 Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, among them health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by 2030 Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies by 2020 Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of this framework by 2030 Figure 16: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to people by 2030 ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

72 APPENDICES Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym Definition AADMER ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response ACB ASEAN Center for Biodiversity ACDM ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management ACE AHA Centre Executive ACEDAC ASEAN Center For the Development of Agricultural Cooperatives ACHCC ASEAN-China Joint Cooperation Committee ACMM ASEAN Centre for Military Medicine ACPMS ASEAN Community Progress Monitoring System ACSS ASEAN Community Statistical System ADB Asian Development Bank ADDM ASEAN Day For Disaster Management ADF ASEAN Development Fund ADInet ASEAN Disaster Information Network ADMER ASEAN Disaster Management and Emergency Relief Fund ADMM ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting ADPC Asia Disaster Preparedness Center ADRIP ASEAN Disaster Risk Insurance Program ADSOM ASEAN Defense Senior Officials Meeting ADTRAIN ASEAN Disaster Management Training Institutes Network AEC ASEAN Economic Community AEIB ASEAN Economic Integration Brief AEIC ASEAN Earthquake Information Center AEMC ASEAN-EC Management Center AFDRU Austrian Forces Disaster Relief AFMM ASEAN Finance Ministers Meeting AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area AHA ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance AHA Centre ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance AHRD ASEAN Human Rights Declaration AICHR ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights AIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank AITRI ASEAN Insurance Training and Research Institute AJDRP ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan AMMDM ASEAN Ministerial Meeting On Disaster Management AMRG ASEAN Militaries Ready Group AMS ASEAN Member States APADM Alliance For Disaster Management APAN All Partners Access Network APC-MADRO Asia-Pacific Conference On Military Assistance To Disaster Relief Operations APCSS Asia-Pacific Center For Security Studies APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APG AADMER Partnership Group 72 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

73 Acronym APMI APMS APSC ARDEX ARF ARF DiREx ARG ARMOR ARPDM ARRND ASA ASC ASCC ASCOPE ASDMP ASEAN ASEAN-DRT ASEAN-ERAT ASEAN-EU ASEAN-OCHA ASEANstats ASEM ASMC ASPC ASSI AUN BCI BNPB CA CAFTA CBDRR CCA CCFSC CCNDPC CEDAW CEPT CF CFE-DM CIQ CMCS CMOC CONOPS COP Definition ASEAN Peatland Management Initiative ASEAN Peatland Management Strategy ASEAN Political-Security Community ASEAN Disaster Response Exercises ASEAN Regional Forum ASEAN Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise ASEAN Militaries Ready Group Annual ASEAN Monitor Region ASEAN Regional Program On Disaster Management Agreement on Rapid Response for Natural Disasters Association of Southeast Asia ASEAN Security Community ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community ASEAN Council On Petroleum ASEAN Science-based Disaster Management Platform Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN Disaster Recovery Toolbox ASEAN Emergency Rapid Assessment Team ASEAN European Union Cooperation ASEAN-United Nations Office For the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ASEAN Statistics Division Asia-Europe Meeting ASEAN Specialized Meteorological Center ARF Security Policy Conference ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative ASEAN University Network Bali Concord I Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (Indonesia NDMA) Competent Authority China Free Trade Area Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction Climate Change Adaptation Committee of Flood and Storm Control Central Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control Forms of Discrimination Against Women Common Effective Preferential Tariff Scheme Civic Force Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance Customs, Immigration, and Quarantine Civil-Military Coordination Section Civil-Military Operations Center Concept of Operations Conference of Parties ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

74 APPENDICES Acronym CPR CPX CSAP CSIS CSOs DANA DART DDM DDMCC DDPM DELSA DFAT DHA DM DMER DMHA DMO DMRS DMTI DoD DOR DREE DRFI DRM DRR DSG DSW EAS ECHO EDSM EOC EPT ERAT ERC EWG FAO FMA FTX GDACS GDP GMS GVC Definition Committee of Permanent Representatives Command Post Exercise Consolidated Strategic Action Plan Center For Security and International Studies Civil Society Organisations Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team Department of Disaster Management Department of Disaster Management and Climate Change Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Disaster Emergency Logistics System for ASEAN Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Defense Health Agency Disaster Management Disaster Management and Emergency Response Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance Disaster Management Order Disaster Monitoring and Response System Disaster Management Training Institutes Department of Defense Department of Rehabilitation Disaster Response Exercise & Exchange Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Disaster Risk Management Disaster Risk Reduction Deputy Secretary-General Department of Social Welfare East Asia Summit European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations Enhanced Dispute Settlement Mechanism Emergency Operation Centre Exercise Planning Team Emergency Response and Assessment Team Emergency Relief Coordinator Experts' Working Groups Food and Agriculture Organization Foreign Military Assistance Field Training Exercise Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Gross Domestic Product Greater Mekong Sub-region Global Value Chain 74 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

75 Acronym HADR HAZMAT HC HCA HCT HDX HFA HMA HPA HPG HuMOCC IAI ICDO ICG ICLT ICRC ICT IDDR IDRL IFRC IGO INSARAG IOC-UNESCO IOM IOs IOTWS IS ISM JAIF JMA JOCCA JSPADM JTF-HADR KM KPI LEMA LMI MKN MNCC MNF MOU MPAC Definition Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response Hazardous Materials Humanitarian Coordinator Humanitarian Civic Action Humanitarian Country Teams Humanitarian Data Exchange Hyogo Framework For Action Humanitarian Mine Action Hanoi Plan of Action Humanitarian Policy Group Humanitarian-Military Operations Coordination Center Initiative For ASEAN Integration International Civil Defence Organization Intergovernmental Coordination Group In-Country Liaison Team International Committee of the Red Cross Information and Communication Technology International Day for Disaster Reduction International Disaster Response Laws, Rules and Principles International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies International Governmental Organization International Search and Rescue Advisory Group Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization International Organization For Migration International Organizations Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System Information Sharing Inter-Sessional Meeting Japan ASEAN Integration Fund Japan Meteorological Agency Joint Operations and Coordination Center of ASEAN Joint Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management Joint Task Force Knowledge Management Key Performance Index Local Emergency Management Authority Lower Mekong Initiative Malaysia s National Security Council Multi-National Coordination Centre Multi-National Force Memorandum of Understanding Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

76 APPENDICES Acronym MPAT MRC MSME MSWRR MTV NADMA NATO NCDM NDG NDMC NDMO NDPCC NDPMC NDRRMC NFP NGOs NZ OCD OFDA ORNS OSOCC P&R PDC PIF PLA PRC PTWC QUT RAP RC RCRCM RDR RGC RHCC RMPFRD ROAP ROE RRD RTSP SAARC SAR SASOP Definition Multinational Planning and Augmentation Team Mekong River Commission Micro, Small, Medium Enterprise Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Mandai Training Village National Disaster Management Agency North Atlantic Treaty Organization National Committee For Disaster Management Narrowing the Development Gap National Disaster Management Centre National Disaster Management Organization National Disaster Prevention and Control Committee National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council and Administrator National Focal Point Non-Governmental Organizations New Zealand The Office of Civil Defense Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance Operationally Ready National Service Onsite Operations and Coordination Center Preparedness and Response Pacific Disaster Center Pacific Islands Forum People s Liberation Army People s Republic of China Pacific Tsunami Warning Center Queensland University of Technology Response Action Plan Resident Coordinator Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Rapid Disaster Response Royal Government of Cambodia Changi Regional HADR Coordination Center Royal Malaysian Police & Fire and Rescue Regional Office For the Asia-Pacific Rules of Engagement Relief, and Resettlement Department Regional Tsunami Service Providers South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation Search and Rescue Standby Arrangements and Standard Operating Procedures 76 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

77 Acronym SCDF SDCF SEACEN SEADMC SMART SME SOM SOMHD SOMSWD SOP TAC TIFA TKMS TTX U.S. UDHR UN UNCT UNDAC UNDP UNHCR UNHRD UNISDR UNOCHA UNOCHA ROAP USAID USAR VAP VNDMA WebEOC WHO Definition Singapore s Civil Defense Force Singapore Civil Defence Force South East Asian Central Banks Southeast Asia Disaster Management Cooperation Special Malaysian Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team Subject Matter Expert Senior Officials Meeting Senior Officials Meeting On Health Development Senior Officials Meeting On Social Welfare and Development Standard Operating Procedure Treaty of Amity and Cooperation Trade and Investment Framework Arrangement Training and Knowledge Management System Table Top Exercise United States Universal Declaration of Human Rights United Nations UN Country Team United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination United Nations Development Program United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction s United Nations Office of Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs United Nations Office of Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Regional Office for Asia and the Region United States Agency for International Development Urban Search and Rescue Vientiane Action Programme Vietnam National Disaster Management Authority Web-based Emergency Operation Centre World Health Organization ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

78 APPENDICES List of References for Figures and Photos: List of Figures Figure 1: The Impact of Natural Disasters in the ASEAN Region in 2018 AHA Centre Facebook Page. The Impact of Natural Disasters in ASEAN Region in January 17, ahacentre/photos/a / /?type=3&theater Figure 2: ASEAN Secretariat Organisational Structure ASEAN Organisational Structure. organisational-structure-2/ Figure 3: ASEAN Related Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR AHA Centre. Operationalising One ASEAN One Response. March resources/aha-gde-one-asean-one- Response-FINAL pdf Figure 4: ASEAN-ERAT Mobilization Procedure AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September ahacentre.org/files/ajdrp.pdf Figure 5: Impact of Natural Disasters on the ASEAN Region AHA Centre Facebook Page. The Impact of Natural Disasters in ASEAN Region in January 17, ahacentre/photos/a / /?type=3&theater Figure 6: Locations of ASEAN Member States AHA Centre. AHA Centre (power point presentation describing its role and collaboration with IFRC). August 25, Figure 7: ASEAN-UN Eight Priority Programmes for JSPADM III ASEAN. ASEAN-UN Joint Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management UN-JSPADM _final.pdf Figure 8: Programme Strategy : ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative ASEAN. ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative (ASSI) Programme Strategy aseansafeschoolsinitiative.org/regionalimplementation/assi-programme-strategy/ Figure 9: CSS Framework Education Sector Policies and Plans ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative (ASSI). ASEAN Common Framework for Comprehensive School Safety. asean-common-framework-for-comprehensiveschool-safety/ Figure 10: Strategic Framework for IAI Workplan III ASEAN. Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) Work Plan III. The ASEAN Secretariat storage/2016/09/09rev2content-iai-work-plan- III.pdf Figure 11: AHA Centre Flash Updates AHA Centre. Flash Updates. org/flash-updates/ Figure 12: AHA Centre Situation Updates AHA Centre. Situation Updates. ahacentre.org/situation-updates/ Figure 13: AHA Centre Disaster Monitoring & Response System AHA Centre. Disaster Monitoring & Response System. Figure 14: The ASEAN Disaster Information Network AHA Centre. ADInet. org/ Figure 15: Disaster Management Reference Handbooks for Ten Member States The Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance. Disaster Management Reference Handbooks. Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks Figure 16: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. coordinate/sendai-framework 78 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

79 List of Tables Table 1: ACDM Working Groups and 8 Priority Programmes communication with Dr. Sithu Pe Thein, Assistant Director and Head, Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Division ASEAN Socio-Culture Community Department, ASEAN Secretariat. March 5, Table 2: Results of ASEAN Regional HFA, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Regional HFA Monitor Template and Guidance Regional HFA monitoring and review in support of regional and national disaster risk reduction /39137_39137aseansubregionalreport pdf Photo 4: ASEAN-ERAT Team AHA Centre Facebook Page ASEAN- ERAT / /?type=3& theater Photo 5: Responders Reacting to Regional Flooding in the Bac Lieu Province of Vietnam "coping-protection against flood" by s gendera is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0. Solutions against environmental degradation in Bac Lieu Province, Vietnam sgendera/ / List of Photos Photo 1: ASEAN-ERAT Response to Sulawesi Earthquake, September 2018 AHA Centre. The Column. One ASEAN One Response for Central Sulawesi. vol-44-one-asean-one-response-for-centralsulawesi/ Photo 2: ASEAN-ERAT Handover of ASEAN Relief Supplies for Earthquake-Affected People in Lombok, Indonesia AHA Centre. The Column. One ASEAN One Response for Lombok. ahacentre.org/posts/highlight/vol-42-one-aseanone-response-for-lombok/ Photo 3: ASEAN ERAT Team Response to Yangon, Myanmar April-May 2018 AHA Centre. The Column. The 23rd ASEAN- ERAT Mission in Yangon, Myanmar. thecolumn.ahacentre.org/posts/highlight/ vol-39-the-23rd-asean-erat-mission-in-yangonmyanmar/ ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

80 References (Endnotes) 1 U.S. Indo-Pacific Command. ASEAN and America: Partners for the Future. Daniel R. Russel, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. July 29, Article/564416/asean-and-america-partners-for-thefuture/ 2 The ASEAN Secretariat. ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead Together. December uploads/2015/11/67.-december-2015-asean Forging-Ahead-Together-2nd-Reprint.pdf 3 Council on Foreign Relations. ASEAN: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Eleanor Albert. Last updated November 1, asean-association-southeast-asian-nations 4 resources/aha-gde-one-asean-one-response- FINAL pdf 5 IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake file:///c:/users/ admin/appdata/local/microsoft/windows/inetcache/ IE/KTN8MFIB/AADMER-Implementation-Regional- Report-FINAL-pdf.pdf 6 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 7 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 8 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 9 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 10 AHA Centre ARDEX Handbook. ahacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/ardex- Handbook final.pdf 11 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 12 IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf. pdf 13 AJDRP AJDRP. AJDRP.pdf 14 AHA Centre ARDEX Handbook. ahacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/ardex- Handbook final.pdf 15 AHA Centre. ASEAN ERAT Factsheet. ahacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/digital- Version-FACTSHEETS-ASEAN-ERAT.pdf 16 The Column. One ASEAN One Response for Central Sulawesi. Shintya Kurniawan. ahacentre.org/posts/highlight/vol-44-one-asean-oneresponse-for-central-sulawesi/ 17 The Column. One ASEAN One Response for Lombok. Shintya Kurniawan. posts/highlight/vol-42-one-asean-one-response-forlombok/ 18 The Column. The 23rd ASEAN-ERAT Mission in Yangon, Myanmar. Shintya Kurniawan. ahacentre.org/posts/highlight/vol-39-the-23rd-asean-eratmission-in-yangon-myanmar/ 19 AHA Centre. Annual Report wp-content/uploads/2018/06/final-design-annual- REPORT-2017.pdf The Column. The 23rd ASEAN-ERAT Mission in Yangon, Myanmar. Shintya Kurniawan. thecolumn.ahacentre.org/posts/highlight/vol-39-the-23rdasean-erat-mission-in-yangon-myanmar/ 20 CNN. Typhoon Nock-ten strands thousands in Philippines. Euan McKirdy, Susanna Cullinane, Sima Shelbayah. December 26, com/2016/12/26/asia/philippines-typhoon-nock-ten-nina/ index.html 21 ASEAN Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Secretariat Bali, 24 Feb org/?static_post=asean-secretariat-basic-documentsagreement-on-the-establishment-of-the-asean-secretariatbali-24-february ASEAN ASEAN Secretariat. asean/asean-secretariat/ 23 ASEAN Secretary-General of ASEAN. asean.org/asean/asean-secretariat/secretary-general-ofasean/ 24 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 25 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 26 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 27 The ASEAN Secretariat. AADMER Work Programme uploads/2017/02/aadmer-work-programme v1.6-1.pdf 28 communication with Dr. Sithu Pe Thein, Assistant Director and Head, Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Division ASEAN Socio-Culture Community Department, ASEAN Secretariat. March 5, The ASEAN Secretariat. AADMER Work Programme uploads/2017/02/aadmer-work-programme v1.6-1.pdf 30 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 31 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 32 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf ASEAN. December ASEAN 2050 Forging Ahead Together. uploads/2015/11/67.-december-2015-asean Forging-Ahead-Together-2nd-Reprint.pdf 35 United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). Complementarities between the ASEAN Community Vision 2025 and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: A Framework for Action. March 20, unescap.org/publications/complementarities-betweenasean-vision-2025-and-2030-agenda 36 ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint. June archive/ pdf 37 ASEAN. ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

81 38 ASEAN. ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint FINAL.pdf 39 ASEAN. ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint April 14, ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint ASEAN uploads/2016/04/8.-march-2016-ascc-blueprint pdf 41 AHA Centre. AHA Centre Work Plan n.d. ahacentre.org/publication/aha-centre-work-plan-2020/ 42 ASEAN Operationalizing One ASEAN One Response. resources/aha-gde-one-asean-one-response- FINAL pdf 43 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 44 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 45 AHA Center. FAQs. uploads/2017/01/faq-aha-centre.pdf 46 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 47 AHA Centre ARDEX Handbook. ahacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/ardex- Handbook final.pdf 48 ReliefWeb Disaster Response in Asia and the Pacific. resources/roap_disasterguide.pdf 49 AHA Center. Indonesia Hosts ARDEX ahacentre.org/press-release/indonesia-hosts-ardex-2018/ 50 Chapter VI: Facilitation and Utilisation of Military Assets and Capabilities. (From the SASOP) 51 ASEAN Operationalizing One ASEAN One Response. resources/aha-gde-one-asean-one-response- FINAL pdf 52 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 53 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 54 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 55 ReliefWeb Disaster Response in Asia and the Pacific. resources/roap_disasterguide.pdf 56 AHA. What We Do Disaster Emergency Logistics System for ASEAN (DELSA) preparedness-response/ 57 AHA. DELSA Factsheet. wp-content/uploads/2018/01/digital-version- FACTSHEETS-DELSA.pdf 58 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 59 ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative (ASSI). About ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative (ASSI) Programme Strategy regional-implementation/assi-programme-strategy/ ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative (ASSI). ASEAN Common Framework for Comprehensive School Safety. aseansafeschoolsinitiative.org/asean-common-frameworkfor-comprehensive-school-safety/ ASEAN. Standard Operating Procedure for Regional Standby Arrangements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency Response Operations (SASOP) December-2017-SASOP-6th-Reprint.pdf 60 ASEAN. Standard Operating Procedure for Regional Standby Arrangements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency Response Operations (SASOP) December-2017-SASOP-6th-Reprint.pdf 61 ASEAN. Standard Operating Procedure for Regional Standby Arrangements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency Response Operations (SASOP) December-2017-SASOP-6th-Reprint.pdf 62 Chapter VI: Facilitation and Utilisation of Military Assets and Capabilities. (From the SASOP) 63 ASEAN Operationalizing One ASEAN One Response. resources/aha-gde-one-asean-one-response- FINAL pdf 64 ASEAN Operationalizing One ASEAN One Response. resources/aha-gde-one-asean-one-response- FINAL pdf 65 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 66 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 67 ASEAN ASEAN Defence Ministers Strengthen Cooperation Ties AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 69 ASEAN Overview AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 71 ASEAN Overview AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 73 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 74 ASEAN ASEAN Chair. asean-chair/ 75 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 76 ASEAN Thailand Theme. go.th/en/abouts/key-concepts/ 77 ASEAN ASEAN Chair. asean-chair/ 78 ASEAN Singapore About. sg/about/asean-2018#chairmanship%20logo 79 ASEAN. ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (ADMM). asean-defence-ministers-meeting-admm/ ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

82 80 ASEAN About the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus). index.php/about-admm/about-admm-plus.html 81 communication from Michael Sashin. Branch Chief Regional civil-military coordination branch. CFE- DM. February 13, ASEAN About the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting Plus AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 84 ASEAN Regional Forum Work Plan for Disaster Relief. uploads/2019/01/arf-work-plan-for-disaster- Relief _Final.pdf 85 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Foreign Ministry Leads ARF Inter-Sessional Meeting on Disaster Relief &srchFr=&srchTo=&srchWord=Fore ign&srchtp=0&multi_itm_seq=0&itm_ seq_1=0&itm_seq_2=0&company_ cd=&company_nm= 86 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 87 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 88 Oxford Business Group. ASEAN Economic Community to bring new deals to Brunei Darussalam s construction sector. Website last updated oxfordbusinessgroup.com/analysis/part-communitysultanate-benefiting-new-agreements-and-commitmentswithin-region 89 Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS). Brunei Takes on the Challenges of Chairing ASEAN in February 22, brunei-takes-challenges-chairing-asean Oxford Business Group. ASEAN Economic Community to bring new deals to Brunei Darussalam s construction sector. Website last updated oxfordbusinessgroup.com/analysis/part-communitysultanate-benefiting-new-agreements-and-commitmentswithin-region 91 Prevention Web Brunei: Tackling challenges posted by natural disasters. net/news/view/ International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, A Systematic Study of Disaster Risk in Brunei Darussalam x 93 National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) Brunei Darussalam East Asia Summit, National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi, India. brunei_darussalam.pdf 94 AHA Centre & Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Country report Brunei: Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Area Business Continuity Plan Formulation for Industrial Agglomerated Areas in the ASEAN region. pdf/ pdf 95 IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf. pdf 96 The Business Times. Cambodia is Open for Business. Hasan, Soputhi, & Slott. September 19, businesstimes.com.sg/asean-business/cambodia-is-openfor-business 97 Country Report of Cambodia Disaster Management KHM_CR2013B.pdf 98 Country Report of Cambodia Disaster Management KHM_CR2013B.pdf 99 IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf. pdf 100 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 101 Reliefweb. Thomson Reuters Foundation. April 30, With warning drums and river clean-ups, Indonesian women head off disasters. int/report/indonesia/warning-drums-and-river-cleanupsindonesian-women-head-disasters 102 Reliefweb. Voice of America. November 1, Tsunami Prone Nations Learn from Disasters to Prevent Future Ones AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 104 Regional Consultative Group Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination in Emergencies: Towards a Predictable Model. dms/roap/civil%20military%20coordination/images/ RCG_ _Final_electronic.pdf 105 IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf. pdf 106 The ASEAN Post. Lao PDR s geopolitical advantage in Southeast Asia. Angaindrankumar Gnanasagaran. May 18, Department of Disaster Management and Climate Change Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR) Manual in Lao PDR. category/id1020/doc/2016-mqht38-adpc-cbdrr_ Manual_Lao_PDR_.pdf 108 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Plan of Action for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in Agriculture ( ). fao.org/3/a-at540e.pdf 109 IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf. pdf 110 Reliefweb. Urban Search and Rescue: Boosting Intra- ASEAN Self Help. Nah Liang Tuang. April 4, reliefweb.int/report/brunei-darussalam/urban-search-andrescue-boosting-intra-asean-self-help 111 CFE-DM. Malaysia Disaster Management Reference Handbook MetNOcOE%3d&portalid=0 82 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

83 112 IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf. pdf 113 CFE-DM. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan Workshops. Event Overview and Summary Reports. May nsm96mku%3d&portalid=0 114 Reliefweb Myanmar: Natural disaster risks and past events Reliefweb. Urban Search and Rescue: Boosting Intra- ASEAN Self Help. Nah Liang Tuang. April 4, reliefweb.int/report/brunei-darussalam/urban-search-andrescue-boosting-intra-asean-self-help 116 Asian Disaster Reduction Center. Country Report of Myanmar Relief and Resettlement Department. Ministry of Social Welfare. Republic of the Union of Myanmar. MMR/2014/FY2014A_MMR_CR.pdf 117 communication with Dr. Sithu Pe Thein, Assistant Director and Head, Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Division ASEAN Socio-Culture Community Department, ASEAN Secretariat. March 5, Regional Consultative Group Humanitarian civil-military coordination in emergencies: Towards a predictable model. Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific. unocha.org/sites/dms/roap/civil%20military%20 Coordination/images/RCG_ _Final_electronic. pdf 119 Regional Consultative Group Humanitarian civil-military coordination in emergencies: Towards a predictable model. Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific. unocha.org/sites/dms/roap/civil%20military%20 Coordination/images/RCG_ _Final_electronic. pdf 120 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 121 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 122 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 123 CFE-DM. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan Workshops. Event Overview and Summary Reports. May nsm96mku%3d&portalid=0 124 Climate Reality Project How is climate change affecting the Philippines IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf. pdf 126 Reliefweb. Urban Search and Rescue: Boosting Intra- ASEAN Self Help. Nah Liang Tuang. April 4, reliefweb.int/report/brunei-darussalam/urban-search-andrescue-boosting-intra-asean-self-help 127 The Straits Times. Why ASEAN is Good for Singapore. January 9, why-asean-is-good-for-singapore 128 Hawksford. Why Singapore is the Gateway to ASEAN. Website last updated knowledge-hub/2018/singapore-as-a-gateway-to-asean 129 CFE-DM. Singapore Disaster Management Reference Handbook. May LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=h-cuJACKEA8%3d&portalid=0 130 IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf. pdf 131 Overseas Missions. Singapore Civil Defence Force. Last updated January 25, content/scdf_internet/en/general/information/overseasmissions.html 132 IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf. pdf 133 ASEAN UP Benefits of the ASEAN Economic Community-AEC NIDM Thailand. Country Profile. Disaster Profile. profile/ Thailand.pdf 135 ADRC Thailand on disaster risk management nam2011_cr.pdf 136 IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf. pdf 137 ASEAN. Vietnam in ASEAN: Toward Cooperation for Mutual Benefits. October 3, post=vietnam-in-asean-toward-cooperation-for-mutualbenefits 138 CFE-DM. Vietnam Disaster Management Reference Handbook. December LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=kKT5L9BBuRo%3d&portalid=0 139 Reliefweb. Urban Search and Rescue: Boosting Intra- ASEAN Self Help. Nah Liang Tuang. April 4, reliefweb.int/report/brunei-darussalam/urban-search-andrescue-boosting-intra-asean-self-help 140 CFE-DM. Vietnam Disaster Management Reference Handbook. December LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=kKT5L9BBuRo%3d&portalid=0 141 CFE-DM. Vietnam Disaster Management Reference Handbook. December LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=kKT5L9BBuRo%3d&portalid=0 142 IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf. pdf 143 ASEAN ASEAN Charter. asean-charter/ 144 ASEAN ASEAN Charter. asean-charter/ ASEAN Declaration on Mutual Assistance on Natural Disasters. uploads/formidable/18/1976-asean-declaration-on- Mutual-Assistance-on-Natural-Disasters.pdf ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

84 146 ASEAN Overview ASEAN-UN Joint Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management storage/2017/12/asean-un-jspadm _final. pdf 148 ASEAN-UN Joint Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management storage/2017/12/asean-un-jspadm _final. pdf 149 ASEAN-UN Joint Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management storage/2017/12/asean-un-jspadm _final. pdf 150 Reliefweb. ASEAN-OCHA Interoperability Brief. January 10, Reliefweb. ASEAN-OCHA Interoperability Brief. January 10, ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative (ASSI). About ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative (ASSI). ASEAN Common Framework for Comprehensive School Safety Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). Press Statement by the Chairperson of the 9th ASEAN Summit and The 7th ASEAN +3 Summit. October 7, dl/2003aseanplus3_bali.pdf 155 People s Daily Online. October 8, cn/200310/08/eng _ shtml 156 Nuclear Threat Initiative. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). September 28, ASEAN. Hanoi Plan of Action. June 19, asean.org/?static_post=hanoi-plan-of-action 158 Khmer Times. $64b GMS action plan. September 26, Sum Manet. com/ /64b-gms-action-plan/ 159 ResearchGate. Explaining the Vientiane Action Programme: ASEAN and the institutionalisation of human rights. Mathew Davis. September researchgate.net/publication/ _explaining_ the_vientiane_action_programme_asean_and_the_ institutionalisation_of_human_rights 160 ASEAN. Initiative for ASEAN Integrated (IAI) Strategic Framework and IAI Work Plan 2 ( ). archive/22325.pdf 161 ASEAN. Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) Work Plan III storage/2016/09/09rev2content-iai-work-plan-iii.pdf 162 ASEAN. ASEAN gears up towards resilient and innovative civil service. asean-gears-towards-resilient-innovative-civilservice/?highlight=accsm 163 ASEAN. ASEAN Cooperation on Civil Service Matters (ACCSM) Resource Centers (ARCs). org/?static_post=asean-cooperation-on-civil-servicematters-accsm-asean-resource-centers-arcs 164 ASEAN. ASEAN-EU Plan of Action ( ) ASEAN. ASEAN-EU Plan of Action ( ) The White House Obama Archives. Joint Statement of the U.S.-ASEAN Special Leaders Summit: Sunnylands Declaration. Office of the Press Secretary. February 16, ReliefWeb. Disaster Response in Asia and the Pacific. A Guide to International Tools and Services. April 9, ASEAN. Strategies and Prioritites for AADMER Work Programme Phase 2 ( ) org/storage/images/2013/socio_cultural/strategy%20 and%20priorities%20for%20aadmer%20work%20 Programme%20Phase%202%20(Final).pdf 169 Foreign Service Institute. Toward a Disaster Resilient Region: Examining US-ASEAN Cooperation On Disaster Management Under the Obama Administration. Virgemarie A Salazar. October ph/toward-a-disaster-resilient-region-examining-usasean-cooperation-on-disaster-management-under-theobama-administration/ 170 ADRFI. What We Do ADRFI. About Us AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 173 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance. Humanitarian Assistance Response Training (HART) Module: HA/DR Information. September Joint Publication Foreign Humanitarian Assistance. January 3, Documents/Doctrine/pubs/jp3_29.pdf 175 ASEAN Operationalizing One ASEAN One Response. resources/aha-gde-one-asean-one-response- FINAL pdf 176 AHA Centre AHA Centre. Disaster Monitoring. org/disaster-monitoring/ 178 U.S. Mission to ASEAN. U.S. Support State-of-the-Art Disaster Monitoring and Response System for ASEAN. April 12, ASEAN. Training ASEAN Trainers on Disaster Monitoring and Response System. training-asean-trainers-on-disaster-monitoring-andresponse-system/ 180 Association of Southeast Asian Nations. (2012). asean.org/more-effective-disaster-monitoring-andresponse-system-for-asean-through-collaborative-effortof-aha-centre-and-the-usa/ 181 PDC. Disaster monitoring and response system to serve 10 ASEAN nations. January disaster_monitoring_and_response_system_to_serve_10_ asean_nation/ 182 AHA Centre. Disaster Monitoring & Response System PDC. DisasterAWARE All-hazards warning, analysis, and risk evaluation help/disasteraware-fs.pdf 184 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 84 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

85 185 AHA Centre. The ASEAN Disaster Information Network (ADInet) ASDMP ResearchGate. Damage caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on the Southwestern coast of Sri Lanka. Takashi Tomita, Taro Arikawa. Fumihiki Imamura, Tomohiro Yasuda. June net/publication/ _damage_caused_by_the_2004_ Indian_Ocean_Tsunami_on_the_Southwestern_coast_of_ Sri_Lanka 188 ReliefWeb. How the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System Works. October 28, report/indonesia/how-indian-ocean-tsunami-warningsystem-works 189 USAID. bureaus/bureau-democracy-conflict-and-humanitarianassistance/office-us 190 USAID. documents/1861/fs_earlywarningcapacitydevelopment_ PDC_Eng.pdf 191 APAN. About Us communication from Thomas Grant, Communications Interoperability Analyst USINDOPACOM, J651, MCIP. November 20, ASEAN. About ASEAN ASEAN. A Communities of Opportunity for All. FactSheet. November storage/2012/05/31.-november-2018-fact-sheet-on- ASEAN-Community.pdf 195 ASEANStats. ASEAN Statistical Yearbook The ASEAN Secretariat. uploads/2019/01/asyb-2018.pdf 196 Eria. Convergence of Opportunities: Resilience and the ASEAN Community. Venkatachalam Anbumozhi. January International Institute for Sustainable Development. ASEAN Summit Adopts Declaration on Climate Change and Resilience. Virginia Wiseman. May 7, sdg.iisd.org/news/asean-summit-adopts-declaration-onclimate-change-and-resilience/ 198 ASEAN. Declaration On Institutionalising The Resilience Of ASEAN And Its Communities And Peoples To Disasters And Climate Change. April 27, org/storage/images/2015/april/26th_asean_summit/ DECLARATION%20ON%20INSTITUTIONALISING%20 -%20Final.pdf 199 ASEAN. About ASEAN IFRC Who We Are IFRC Where We Work. where-we-work/asia-pacific/ 202 IFRC Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Statement on the ASEAN Statement. org/ifrc/press-release/red-cross-red-crescent-movementstatement-asean-statement-engagement-red-cross-redcrescent-societies/ 203 IFRC. The right aid at the right time. November Report_en.pdf 204 IFRC. The Checklist on the Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance. November pdf 205 IFRC. The Checklist on the Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance. November pdf 206 The Column RedR Australia. ahacentre.org/posts/partnership/vol-41-redr-australia/ 207 ACMC Australian Government. The Australian Civil- Military Centre UNOCHA. This is OCHA. sites/unocha/files/this_is_ocha_2016_lowres.pdf 209 ASEAN. ASEAN Community Vision ASEAN-Community-Vision-2025.pdf 210 USASEAN. ASEAN Matters for America America Matters for ASEAN. Growth projections. usasean.org/why-asean/growth 211 ASEAN. ASEAN Community Vision ASEAN-Community-Vision-2025.pdf 212 ASEAN. Fact Sheet on ASEAN Community. asean.org/?static_post=fact-sheet-asean-community 213 IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing AADMER: A Regional Stocktake AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf. pdf 214 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 215 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 216 AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP). September AJDRP.pdf 217 AJDRP AJDRP. AJDRP.pdf 218 PreventionWeb. Regional HFA Monitor. regional/?pid:73&pih:2 219 PreventionWeb. ASEAN: Regional progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action ( ). hyogo/progress/reports/v.php?id=39137&pid: PreventionWeb. ASEAN Regional progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action ( ) aseansubregionalreport pdf 221 PreventionWeb. ASEAN: regional progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action ( ) hyogo/progress/reports/v.php?id=39137&pid: PreventionWeb.net. Chart of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction preventionweb.net/files/44983_sendaiframeworkchart.pdf 223 UNISDR. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction PreventionWeb.net. Chart of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction preventionweb.net/files/44983_sendaiframeworkchart.pdf 225 UNISDR. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction v2.0 ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook March

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