Meeting International Automotive Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Regulations

Transcription

1 Meeting International Automotive Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Regulations Revisions in emissions requirements and testing procedures will introduce compliance challenges for automotive manufacturers White paper Abstract New harmonised automotive emissions testing requirements for light vehicles are coming into effect that will evaluate compliance with more stringent emissions limits under both laboratory and real-world conditions. TÜV SÜD is working strongly to streamline the emissions testing process for light vehicles, and can assist automotive manufacturers in coordinating testing for compliance with new emissions testing requirements in major jurisdictions around the world. TÜV SÜD

2 Contents INTRODUCTION 3 THE WORLDWIDE HARMONIZED LIGHT VEHICLES TEST PROCEDURES (WLTP) 4 THE EUROPEAN UNION S REAL DRIVING EMISSIONS (RDE) TESTING REGULATIONS 5 THE IMPACT OF WLTP AND RDE ON AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURERS 6 HOW TÜV SÜD IS ADRESSING THE COMPLIANCE CHALLENGE 7 TÜV SÜD S ROUND ROBIN TESTS 8 BENEFITS TO YOUR BUSINESS 9 CONCLUSION 10 About the TÜV SÜD expert Pascal Mast Head of Global TÜV SÜD Emission Network and Business Line Manager Environment & Emission TÜV SÜD Auto Service GmbH, Business Unit Automotive Pascal Mast holds a Diploma Degree as Automotive Technology Engineer. He first started his career as Test Engineer at TÜV SÜD in Stuttgart in 2000 and three years later became Manager of the team Vehicle Dynamics. In 2006, he was responsible for the entire chassis of New Generation Opel Meriva at the TÜV SÜD testing laboratory in Rüsselsheim as Lead Vehicle Systems Engineer. Furthermore, he collected experiences as Senior Engineer in the area Dynamic K&C Test rig at the TÜV SÜD headquarter in Munich and as Senior Engineer for Ferrari F150 La Ferrari, which refers to KERS Integration from F1 technology to serial production in Maranello, Italy. From 2012 on he was managing the emission lab in Heimsheim (Stuttgart). In his current role, he is responsible for the international TÜV SÜD emission network, operating 6 chassis dynamometer, 3 engine benches and 6 PEMS with focus on international emission type approval. Currently, he is managing the TÜV SÜD Round Robin Tests, which try to harmonise the test procedures within the global TÜV SÜD laboratory network with regards to the new RDE (Real Driving Emissions) and WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure) standards. 2 Meeting International Automotive Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Regulations TÜV SÜD

3 Introduction Vehicles have been subject to emissions testing in laboratories for more than 50 years. However, comparisons of laboratory-based test results with those from on-road testing show a significant and growing gap between reported and actual fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) estimates that actual on-road fuel consumption and emissions in vehicles operating in the European Union (EU) may be as much as 40 percent greater than data reported by manufacturers, with actual nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions at much at seven times greater. 1 The discrepancies between laboratory and real-world results can be attributed to a number of factors. However, the most prevalent explanations for these discrepancies include shortcomings in the testing schemes used to evaluate fuel efficiency and emissions levels, and variations in the interpretation of requirements by testing laboratories. As a result, actual vehicle performance often falls far short of regulatorimposed requirements as well as consumer expectations. In an effort to address these issues, the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP) has been developed by a United Nation s technical working group and will take effect in 2017 in the EU and 10 countries, including Australia, China, India, Japan, Norway, Republic of Korea, Moldavia, Russia, South Africa and Turkey. At the same time, the EU has adopted regulations that mandate so-called Real Driving Emissions (RDE) test procedures to more accurately evaluate vehicle performance under real-world conditions. TÜV SÜD Meeting International Automotive Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Regulations 3

4 The Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP) The WLTP is at the core of a new Global Technical Regulation (GTR 15) that was approved in March The goal of GTR 15 is to provide a worldwide harmonised test procedure that can evaluate emission levels in a repeatable and reproducible manner for a variety of pollutants as well as fuel and electrical energy consumption. Specific evaluations conducted under the WLTP include exhaust gases concentration, particulate mass and particulate number, CO 2 emissions, fuel consumption, electrical energy consumption and electrical operating range. Testing cycles are generally determined by vehicle class (Class 1, 2 or 3) which are defined by the vehicle s power/weight ratio. The WLTP also includes a number of changes from existing requirement currently applicable in the EU under its New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) procedure. The most significant differences include: 1) changes in the characteristics of the driving cycle used during the test, including a longer duration and a higher rate of speed; 2) a vehicle testing mass that includes optional equipment and anticipated vehicle payloads; and 3) a slightly lower ambient testing temperature. It is anticipated that these and other changes and modifications will result in more accurate emissions values than those achieved under the NEDC and with other current testing procedures. What is the WLTP? It will come into effect in It will be adopted by the EU and 10 additional countries It is a regulation that will provide a more harmonised test procedure internationally Evaluation of (i) Exhaust gases concentration (ii) Particulate mass and particulate number (iii) CO 2 emissions (iv) Fuel consumption (v) Electrical energy consumption (vi) Electrical operating range How are testing cycles determined? How is it different from the existing NEDC requirements? By vehicle classes: 1, 2 or 3 Longer duration and higher rate of speed for the driving cycle used during the test. Defined by the vehicle s power/ weight ratio A vehicle testing mass that includes optional equipment and anticipated vehicle payloads. Slightly lower ambient testing temperature. 4 Meeting International Automotive Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Regulations TÜV SÜD

5 The European Union s Real Driving Emissions (RDE) testing regulations The intent of the EU s new RDE testing regulations is to validate emissions levels measured in the laboratories under real driving conditions. RDE testing involves the use of portable emissions measuring systems (PEMS) that is attached to the vehicle under test. The PEMS measure pollutant emissions while the vehicle is driven outdoors in daytime traffic according to random acceleration and deceleration patterns. RDE test results are then correlated with emissions results obtained in the testing laboratory. Testing under the EU s RDE is now required, although testing is currently being conducted solely for monitoring purposes, and a determination of vehicle type approval is based exclusively on laboratory measurements. However, effective 1 September 2017, type approval requirements will also consider emissions levels identified during RDE testing. As a result, vehicles that fail RDE testing from 1 September 2017 may not be permitted to be placed on the market. What is the RDE testing regulation? Evaluates vehicle performances under real-world conditions more accurately. RDE testings are conducted solely for monitoring purposes within the type approval process currently. Aims to validate under real driving conditions emissions levels as measured in the laboratory. From 1 September 2017, besides using laboratory measurements, type approval requirements will consider emission levels identified during RDE testing too. How does it work? PEMS measure pollutant emissions RDE testing involves the use of portable emissions measuring systems (PEMS) attached to the car Vehicles are driven outdoors in daytime traffic according to random acceleration and deceleration patterns RDE test results are correlated with emissions results from the testing laboratory TÜV SÜD Meeting International Automotive Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Regulations 5

6 The impact of WLTP and RDE on automotive manufacturers Possible impacts of WLTP & RDE on automotive manufacturers Greater harmonisation of emission testing procedures. Increased compliance challenges on automobile manufacturers. Closer reflections of real-world operation conditions. More stringent emissions and fleet fuel efficiency requirements. Increase in testing-related costs. Differences in actual testing policies and test outcomes between individual testing laboratories. Longer testing cycle for obtaining regulatory approval. Together, the WLTP and the RDE will result in greater harmonisation of emissions testing procedures that reflect real-world operating conditions more closely. However, the WLTP and the RDE will also impose increased compliance challenges on automobile manufacturers. Under the WLTP, emissions and fleet fuel efficiency requirements gradually become more stringent through the year 2022, requiring manufacturers to continually develop new approaches and technologies to reduce emissions and maximise fuel efficiency. In addition, RDE measures emissions and performance under actual operating conditions hence, manufacturers will be required to ensure that their solutions are effective on the road as well as in the testing laboratory. The WLTP and RDE will also lengthen the testing cycle for obtaining regulatory approval, as well as increase testing-related cost. Despite the WLTP s efforts to harmonise emissions testing procedures, actual testing policies and approaches may differ between individual testing laboratories, and between testing labs in different countries, potentially resulting in different test outcomes for the same vehicle. 6 Meeting International Automotive Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Regulations TÜV SÜD

7 How TÜV SÜD is addressing the compliance challenge As part of its effort to address the challenges of achieving compliance with the WLTP and the RDE, TÜV SÜD has been working with partner testing laboratories in South Korea, China and Taiwan to more closely harmonise emissions testing procedures. The goal of this round robin testing program is to reduce, to the extent possible, the number of variables that can affect testing outcomes, thereby helping to ensure consistency in emissions results generated by multiple laboratories testing the same vehicle. Testing laboratories participating in TÜV SÜD s round robin program have adopted standardised policies and procedures to help ensure that individual tests are conducted in the same manner, regardless of the laboratory location. Testing laboratory personnel have also undergone extensive training on applicable regulations and testing procedures, thereby qualifying them to perform testing and measurement procedures in accordance with the established requirements. This rigorous approach helps to minimise human error as the primary source of different testing results. The round robin testing will help to support TÜV SÜD s ability to generate comparable emissions results for a vehicle under test at any of TÜV SÜD s own testing laboratories or at partner testing laboratories in other countries. As such, the round robin testing program can provide automotive manufacturers with more consistent data regarding the performance of their vehicles, while also reducing the time and cost associated with obtaining regulatory approval for new vehicle models in selected countries. In the near future, TÜV SÜD will expand the current round robin testing program to include additional testing laboratories. This expansion will serve to extend the harmonisation of TÜV SÜD s own emission testing procedures to other countries, further streamlining the emissions testing process for manufacturers and suppliers, and easing their efforts to achieve global market access. TÜV SÜD Meeting International Automotive Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Regulations 7

8 TÜV SÜD s round robin tests WHERE DO THEY TAKE PLACE? WHAT ARE OUR GOALS? TÜV SÜD owned and partner testing laboratories in China, South Korea and Taiwan. To reduce the number of variables that can affect testing outcomes and to ensure consistency in emissions results generated by participating laboratories testing the same vehicle. WLTP & RDE ADVANTAGES AND CUSTOMER BENEFITS Standardisation across laboratories Minimisation of human error Minimisation of external impacts Enhanced data consistency Time & cost savings + $ Harmonisation of testing policies and procedures Intensive staff training that prevents different testing results Creation of same framework conditions Automotive manufacturers receive more consistent data on vehicle performance Quicker and cheaper process in obtaining global regulatory approval for new vehicle models 8 Meeting International Automotive Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Regulations TÜV SÜD

9 Benefits to your business Save time and money by obtaining comparable emissions testing results through internationally harmonised test procedures. Minimise risks by ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standards for automotive emissions and fuel economy. Access multiple markets by streamlining the homologation process and gaining multi market access within a single project while working together with an international expert and laboratory network. Gain a sustainable, competitive edge by leveraging TÜV SÜD s automotive industry expertise to develop innovative automotive products of the highest possible quality. TÜV SÜD Meeting International Automotive Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Regulations 9

10 Conclusion The WLTP and the RDE represent significant efforts on the part of regulators to help ensure the accuracy and reliability of automotive emissions testing results under real-world conditions, and to harmonise, to the extent possible, emissions testing requirements in important automotive markets. TÜV SÜD s round robin testing program complements these changes by implementing standardised emissions testing procedures that result in consistent emission testing data, regardless of where testing is conducted. Together, these efforts will help automotive manufacturers and suppliers bring cleaner and more fuel-efficient vehicles to roads around the world. The round robin emissions testing program is just one example of TÜV SÜD s century-long commitment to supporting the automotive industry with innovative programs and testing solutions that can address their regulatory compliance challenges. 10 Meeting International Automotive Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Regulations TÜV SÜD

11 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS GTR - Global Technical Regulation ICCT - International Council on Clean Transportation NEDC - New European Driving Cycle PEMS - Portable emissions measuring systems RDE - Real Driving Emissions WLTP - Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedures FOOTNOTE [1] The Future of Vehicle Emissions Testing and Compliance, white paper produced by the International Council on Green Transportation, November Available at (as of 12 October 2016). COPYRIGHT NOTICE The information contained in this document represents the current view of TÜV SÜD on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because TÜV SÜD must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of TÜV SÜD, and TÜV SÜD cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication. This White Paper is for informational purposes only. TÜV SÜD makes no warranties, express, implied or statutory, as to the information in this document. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of TÜV SÜD. TÜV SÜD may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from TÜV SÜD, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property. ANY REPRODUCTION, ADAPTATION OR TRANSLATION OF THIS DOCUMENT WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION IS PROHIBITED, EXCEPT AS ALLOWED UNDER THE COPYRIGHT LAWS. TÜV SÜD Group 2017 All rights reserved TÜV SÜD is a registered trademark of TÜV SÜD Group. DISCLAIMER All reasonable measures have been taken to ensure the quality, reliability, and accuracy of the information in the content. However, TÜV SÜD is not responsible for the third-party content contained in this newsletter. TÜV SÜD makes no warranties or representations, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of information contained in this newsletter. This newsletter is intended to provide general information on a particular subject or subjects and is not an exhaustive treatment of such subject(s). Accordingly, the information in this newsletter is not intended to constitute consulting or professional advice or services. If you are seeking advice on any matters relating to information in this newsletter, you should where appropriate contact us directly with your specific query or seek advice from qualified professional people. TÜV SÜD ensures that the provision of its services meets independence, impartiality and objectivity requirements. The information contained in this newsletter may not be copied, quoted, or referred to in any other publication or materials without the prior written consent of TÜV SÜD. All rights reserved 2017 TÜV SÜD. TÜV SÜD Meeting International Automotive Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Regulations 11

12 Find out more about TÜV SÜD s emissions and fuel efficiency services automotive@tuv-sud.com Choose certainty. Add value. TÜV SÜD is a premium quality, safety and sustainability solutions provider that specialises in testing, inspection, auditing, certification, training, and knowledge services. Represented in over 850 locations worldwide, we hold accreditations in Europe, the Americas, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. By delivering objective solutions to its customers, TÜV SÜD adds tangible value to businesses, consumers and the environment. TÜV SÜD AG Westendstr. 199, Munich, Germany TÜV SÜD AG V-M/AM/4.0/en/DE