BAS Chillers 8/15/2016. Achieving Energy Savings with BAS and Data Analytics Guanjing Lin Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory August 10, 2016

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1 Session 7: Building Automation and Operation Tools Outline Analytics Tools to Supplement BAS Achieving Energy Savings with BAS and Data Analytics Guanjing Lin Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory August 10, 2016 DOE s Smart Energy Analytics Campaign Rhode Island Convention Center Providence, Rhode Island 2 BAS a tool typically to operate building HVAC, and possibly lighting and security systems Building Automation System (BAS) BAS Chillers Air handling Units Boilers Pumps Cooling Towers BAS controls core mechanical systems VAV boxes Source: Siemens BAS, showing an air handling unit with operation parameters 3 4 Key BAS data trending Outside air temperature Example #1: Scheduling Equipment should be operating only when necessary Air handling units Mixed/return/discharge air temp & set point, discharge static pressure & set point, outside air damper position, fan status & speed, cooling/heating coil valve signal Central plant Chilled/condenser/hot water supply and return temp & set points, chiller/pump/cooling tower status, chilled water differential pressure & set point, pump/cooling tower fan speed VAV boxes Zone temp & set point, damper/reheat valve position No weekend set back schedule for supply fan of air handling unit Two weeks of supply fan status data is plotted 5 6 1

2 Example #2: Economizer Ensure proper operation Example #3 Optimization Prevent simultaneous heating and cooling Heating coil valve signal Cooling coil valve signal Faulty economizer operation, outside air damper stuck fully closed One day of temperature data is plotted: OAT, RAT, MAT, and DAT of air handling unit Cooling coil valve of air handling units don t lockout during winter season Two days of cooling coil valve and heating coil valve signal data is plotted 7 8 Analytics Tools to Supplement BAS Analytics Tools to Supplement BAS Traditional BAS are not designed to explicitly optimize building operations and minimize energy consumption Limited trending (points and time period) Alarms don t typically allow for sophisticated logic Typically monitor system operation data Third party EMIS tools are good supplements to BAS to manage building energy use 9 10 Energy Management and Information System (EMIS) EMIS a family of tools to monitor, analyze, and control building energy use and system performance Meter Level EMIS Benchmarking and Monthly Utility Bill Analysis Energy Information System Advanced EIS System Level EMIS Building Automation System Fault Detection and Diagnostics Automated System Optimization *The lines can be blurry, and specific technologies may cross categories, e.g., Modern building automation system platform with FDD capabilities Energy Information System (EIS) and Advanced EIS EIS web based software used to analyze and display interval whole building and submetered energy data Provide granular energy consumption history React to and track savings in real time Make alarms when energy exceeds the expectation Take weather and occupancy changes into account Review load profiles on a regular basis Savings potential enabled with EIS 1 Median annual portfolio savings of 8% Hourly to 15 min interval meter data 1 Granderson, J, Lin, G, Piette, MA. Energy information systems (EIS): Technology costs, benefits, and best practice uses. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, November LBNL 6476E meter meter meter Communication hardware Weather data, energy price EIS server, data analysis & storage Web based user access

3 Energy Information System (EIS) and Advanced EIS Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) EIS, a bar graph tracking energy use pattern at an hourly interval Source: Lucid (left), Cascade Energy(right) Advanced EIS, showing cumulative savings FDD a tool to automatically identify HVAC system or equipment level faults, and sometimes root causes Automatically detects problems with less analysis time Improper set points Faulty sensors Improper economizer operation Under/over ventilation Malfunctioning dampers, valves, or actuators Prioritize faults based on fault frequency or estimated fault cost Savings potential 2 Whole building energy savings of 2 11% 2 TIAXLLC,, Energy impact of commercial building controls and performance diagnostics, (2005) 15 minute and less interval system or component data (i.e. air temp.& pressure, airflow rate, VFD speed) AHU, VAV terminal box, RTU, chiller, existing BAS points Ethernet LAN Web assess via browser External sensors FDD tools Expert rules Physical or statistical models Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) Automated System Optimization (ASO) ASO a tool integrated with BAS to dynamically fine tune HVAC set points to optimize energy use and/or comfort FDD, showing top 5 faults and recommended actions Automated modification of control parameters to optimize efficiency Savings potential Case studies are beginning to be published 15 minute and less interval system or component data (i.e. air temp.& pressure, airflow rate, VFD speed) Two way communication HVAC, BAS control set points Web assess via browser Ethernet LAN HVAC, other BAS points ASO tools Proprietary and sophisticated algorithms Source: Schneider Electric Automated System Optimization (ASO) ASO, Optimized temperature control between upper and lower control limits Source: BuildingIQ

4 Set quantifiable performance goals Goal examples Lower energy use by 20% over the next 3 years Achieve a building EUI of 70 kbtu/sqft/year Achieve an EPA ENERGY STAR rating of 75 Benchmarking can help in setting goals Comparing EUI to past performance, similar buildings with data from U.S. CBECS data or through online tools (e.g. ENERGY STAR, EnergyIQ) Comparing energy cost per square feet either to historical performance or to regional peers Define roles and Who will do what (internal & external) Senior executive Facility managers and engineers Information technology Consultants Vendors and service providers Factors to consider when determining EMIS access Frequency of use Standard operating procedure Required alarms and push notification Understand facilities and personnel Building characteristics Building size & energy spend Number of sites Building type Building system information Metering system BAS points & protocols Sequence of operation Data storage Organizational energy management procedures and staff Define activities to meet goals Executives Review building energy performance reports Energy managers and field engineers Detect operational faults in systems or equipment Determine the efficiency project savings Sustainability managers Track site GHG emissions Public Raise awareness from energy dashboard Consider data, equipment, and security issues Types of data required by each activity New metering and sensing, data acquisition needs depending on data requirement and existing infrastructure Data and network security needs Select a tool or set of tools EMIS costs include hardware and software Software cost broken into upfront cost and recurring ongoing costs Look for incentives that are available to offset first costs of EMIS implementation Investigate market offerings & existing technology review resources Look for examples from your industry with similar scope and objectives Develop a specification of key technology requirements

5 Resources for EMIS Primer on Organizational Use of EMIS Primer on how to plan, implement, and use EMIS _Organizational_Use_of_EMIS_V1.1.pdf EMIS Specification and Procurement Support Materials, LBNL 2014 RFP template Technology specification template Evaluation and selection criteria template solutions teams/energymanagement information systems DOE s Smart Energy Analytics Campaign Building Performance Tracking Handbook, CCC 2011 Business case, available tool types (i.e., benchmarking, EIS, FDD, and BAS), common metrics, selecting an approach EMIS vendor list on DOE Smart Energy Analytics Campaign website energy analytics.org DOE s Smart Energy Analytics Campaign Announcing a new DOE Campaign to support and recognize EMIS and ongoing monitoring practices across the country Participants pledge to install or use existing EMIS to analyze data and identify energy saving improvements Visit energy analytics.org Join the Campaign to receive Energy Management and Information Systems (EMIS) best practice resources and technical support Recognition for exemplary performance Join as a participant Owners, facility managers, energy managers, operators Join as a supporting partner Cx providers, trade organizations, utilities, EMIS vendors THANK YOU Guanjing Lin gjlin@lbl.gov