Index. design characteristics 212, , 255 impacts of 113, 115 lack of 119, 174

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1 Index Aarhus Convention Process accountability decision-making governments 41, independent MSPs 215 measuring 63 strategies 249 action plans , 242, 260 see also implementation Agenda 21 democracy 43 local stakeholders 3, tripartite approaches agendas design 225 setting , 123, 228, 256 agreement procedures all-win 19 argument culture 6, 66 autonomy 70 awareness raising background papers 159, 160, 230 Bahá í model of consultation balance criteria 221 Beijing+5 Global Forum Online Discussions better decisions criteria 68 biotechnology bottom line payoff 92 Brent Spar Project business 5 6, 137, calls for input 246 capacity building 229, , 258 participation 44, 116, CDW see Global Environment Facility, Country Dialogue Workshop programme centralized communication networks CERES see The Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies chairing 114, 236, , checking back 103, , 231 closure design characteristics 236, 241, 260 determining The Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES), GRI cohesiveness 82 collaboration 54 56, 210, 213 collectivism 70 71, 86 Columbia commitment 45 common learning , communication Aarhus Convention 123 channels 87, , 117, , definition 15, 16 diverse groups general public 180, 247 ground rules 65 72, , integrating mechanisms Local Agenda power differences see also meta-communication community-based political counterpoints comprehension , 180, 247 compromise 49, 78 79, 240 conf licts Brent Spar definition 16 diversity 49, 218

2 308 INDEX goals 227 industry and NGOs 37 38, 165 interactive resolution 93 LA process design 214 conformity pressure consensus 47, 48 49, , 243 consensus-building communication 15 17, conflicts 151 decision-making 115, 117 diverse groups constituencies checking back 103, , 231 stakeholder identification 132 constructive stakeholder communication 233 consultation, Bahá í model context , Cooperation for Sustainable Development in the Lower Columbia River Basin cooperative management strategies coordination 1, 118, country dialogues 168, credibility 51 52, 193 cross-sectoral networks CSD see United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development culture dams 71 72, debates 7, 16, 18, 159 decentralization 77 78, 184 decision-making accountability conflicts 115, 117 design characteristics 212, 236, , 242, 253, 259 diverse groups impacting 244 stakeholder participation 5 6 transparency 11, , 118 see also official decision-making democracy 42 43, 215, 264 depolarization design , 117, , 225, dialogue communication 67 consensus-building 80 country 168, debate contrast 7 definition 16, 18 design characteristics 20 21, 210, 211, , food safety interactive conflict resolution 93 ministerial preparation digital divide 248 diplomacy dissemination 58, diversity conflict 218 group composition 73 95, 210, 211, , , unity documentation design characteristics , , 260 outcome 115 eclectic approaches 7 12 ECOSOC see United Nations, Economic and Social Council effectiveness 41, 80 81, 249 electronic communication empowerment engagement strategies 250 The Environment Council environmental reporting equity 41, 46 47, , 230, Europe evaluation see monitoring and evaluation expertise 78, 262 facilitation design characteristics 212, , 236, , 255, practice overview stakeholders 220 FfD see United Nations, Financing for Development Hearings flexibility 222, 250 follow-up 115, food safety forestry practices forum 16 framing 211, , 256 funding

3 Index 309 design characteristics 212, , 255 impacts of 113, 115 lack of 119, 174 GEF see Global Environment Facility gender 41, 84 85, general public credibility design characteristics 245, , 261 environmental groups relationship 135 LA21 comprehension genetically modified plants for food production (GMOs) , Global Environment Facility (GEF), Country Dialogue Workshop (CDW) programme Global Public Policy (GPP) networks 18 Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) GMOs see genetically modified plants for food production goals design characteristics 225 practice overview 97 98, 103, 116 setting , 256 governance definition 26 global 10, principles 40 41, 250 governments accountability 41, institutional strengthening 251 policies responsibility 65 stakeholders 215, 219 GPP see Global Public Policy GRI see Global Reporting Initiative group composition 11, 73 95, 116, 225, , 256 groupthink 82 83, 227 Habermas normative theory Habitat II Conference 33, 34 health hearing 18 high-diversity groups 11 human rights ICLEI see International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives ideal speech situation 67 68, 70 identification processes , 212, , ideological approaches 8, 10 IIED see International Institute for Environment and Development implementation design characteristics , 260 diverse groups LA monitoring 119 responsibility for 108, 115 inclusiveness 59, 217, 219, 250 individualism 70 71, 86 industry 37 38, 65, 165, 187 influence 78, 81 Informal Environment Ministers Meeting (8th), Norway , 229 information access to 57 59, , 230, design characteristics 210, 254 general public media 247 informed consent inputs 211, 229, 246, institutional aspects back-up 134 organization strengthening 251 institutionalization 204, 244 interactive conflict resolution 93 intergovernmental institutions negotiations participation 4, 215, strengthening 251 international aspects declarations 190 global governance 27 policy 4 International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) , internet 58, 87, , , 248 issues design characteristics 20, 210, 212, 253

4 310 INDEX identifying , 114, practice overview 97, 99 justice 46 47, knowledge networks 172 key stakeholders 3, 28 29, LA21 see Local Agenda 21 labour language 217 leadership 50 51, 80 81, 91 learning design characteristics 53, 210, 250 mutual , legitimacy 60 62, 215, 219, 250 life-long learning 53 listening Local Agenda 21 (LA21) major groups 3, 28 29, majority see consensus MAMA-86 Drinking Water Project, Ukraine 154 management strategies mapping 218, 230 media 112, 247 mediation Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development 220 meetings 211, , see also dialogue Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) 214 meta-communication definition design characteristics 260 mechanisms 107, research 95, 118 meta-maps 230 minerals Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development Project (MMSD) ministerial meetings , 229 minority representation 81, 226 MMSD see Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development Project monitoring and evaluation 21, , 119, 206, MOU see Memorandum of Understanding MSD see United Nations, Commission on Sustainable Development Multistakeholder Dialogues MSP see multi-stakeholder processes multi-stakeholder processes (MSP), definitions 2 3, multilayer policy-making 122 multinational corporations 141 mutual learning , National Councils for Sustainable Development (NCSD) National Strategies for Sustainable Development (NSSD) NCSD see National Councils for Sustainable Development negotiation 91 93, , networks communication 77 78, 172 cross-sectoral global 18, 37 new social partnerships 18 NGT see nominal group technique nominal group technique (NGT) 88 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) ECOSOC recognized industry 37 38, 165 legitimacy power and democracy 264 non-participating stakeholders 245, 246, 261 Novartis Forum Events NSSD see National Strategies for Sustainable Development OECD see Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development official decision-making processes design characteristics 23, 212, , 242, 253 impacting 244 practice , 118 oil storage buoys online discussions Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) organizational aspects back-up 212, , 255 coordinating 118 psychology 73 74

5 Index 311 outcome documents 115 outputs 211, , 260 outreach , 148 ownership 45, 250 paper cycles participants 22, 99, , participation capacity-building civil society design characteristics 250, , 258 funding 224 governance 41 measuring 263 UN reforms values partnerships 18, 54 56, 153, peer-reviews 164 Philippines 172 planning planning for sustainable development , polarization 79 policy processes 4, 122, 234, political counterpoints polluter pays principle 135 position papers power democracy 264 differences distance 86 diverse groups gaps 66 67, , 114, , 229, 258 group composition 226 pragmatic approaches 8, 11 prejudice see also stereotyping preparatory processes 142, , 159 procedures design 229 practice overview process definition 17 design , 252 public opinion outreach , 125, 148 see also general public Puerto Princesca Watch, Philippines 153 rapporteuring , 115, 236, 239, 259 regional coordination representation 90, 221 responsibility 64 65, 222, 243 responsiveness rights , , river basins scope 22, 99 scoping self-determination sensitivity Shell Brent Spar Project size social factors gains 251 influence 78 mapping 218 responsibility stereotyping solidarity structural aspects stakeholders Agenda 21 3, collaboration 210, 213 communication ground rules definitions 2 3, design characteristics 45, , 212, , 254 forum non-participating 111, 124, 143, 245, 246 participation 5 6, 98, 114, 116, 215, preparations 229, , 257 statements 17, 19 status stereotyping 75 76, sustainability reporting sustainable development 1, 3, 23 25, 40, , Terms of Reference (TOR) 214 time 22, 98, 99, , timetables 104, , 256 TOR see Terms of Reference transparency

6 312 INDEX decision-making 11, , 118 government 41, measuring 63 stakeholder groups 221 strengthening 251 values World Bank tripartite approaches trust 55 56, 95, 224, 233 UNAIDS see United Nations, AIDS understanding 17, 19 United Kingdom Local Agenda United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS) 35 Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) FfD 136 global governance Multi-stakeholder Dialogues (MSD) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Financing for Development Hearings (FfD) Global Compact global governance reform packages unity see also consensus value-based approaches 7 8, 10 values 40 52, 52 72, 87, 203 visionary leadership 51 voluntary involvement 220 votes 251 waste management , WBCSD see World Business Council for Sustainable Development WCD see The World Commission on Dams WHO see World Health Organisation win lose 19 win win 19 women 84 85, , see also gender WomenWatch 127 World Bank , World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) The World Commission on Dams (WCD) , 220 World Development Report Online Discussion, World Health Organisation (WHO)