Oracle Database 10g: Using OLAP

Transcription

1 Oracle Database 10g: Using OLAP Student Guide D17505GC20 Production 2.0 April 2006 D45765

2 Authors Brian Pottle Kevin Lancaster Nancy Greenberg Technical Contributors and Reviewers Stuart Bunby Marty Gubar Sharath Bhujani Laszlo Czinkoczki Laura Garza Sue Helmy Keith Laker Miguelangel Lopez Timothy McGlue Srinivas Putrevu Kasturi Shekhar Anthony Waite Publisher Jobi Varghese Editors Navratan Singh Richard Wallis Graphic Specialist Sanjeev Sharma Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Disclaimer This document contains proprietary information and is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. You may copy and print this document solely for your own use in an Oracle training course. The document may not be modified or altered in any way. Except where your use constitutes "fair use" under copyright law, you may not use, share, download, upload, copy, print, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, post, transmit, or distribute this document in whole or in part without the express authorization of Oracle. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the document, please report them in writing to: Oracle University, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, California USA. This document is not warranted to be error-free. Restricted Rights Notice If this documentation is delivered to the United States Government or anyone using the documentation on behalf of the United States Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS The U.S. Government s rights to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose these training materials are restricted by the terms of the applicable Oracle license agreement and/or the applicable U.S. Government contract. Trademark Notice Oracle, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, and Siebel are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

3 Contents I Introduction Course Objectives I-2 Course Agenda I-3 Tables Used in This Course I-4 Sales History Schema I-5 1 Defining OLAP Concepts Objectives 1-2 What Is OLAP? 1-3 Typical Business Questions 1-4 Examining an OLAP Question 1-5 Dimensional Model 1-7 Measures 1-8 Measure Types 1-9 Example of Measures in a Report 1-10 Dimensions 1-11 Example of Dimensions in a Report 1-12 Sharing Dimensions 1-13 Hierarchy 1-14 Hierarchy: Example 1-16 Level 1-17 Types of Hierarchy 1-18 Attributes 1-19 Attributes and Levels: Examples 1-20 Dimensional Model Summarized 1-21 OLAP: A Historical Perspective 1-22 Deploy a Stand-alone Multidimensional Database 1-23 Implement a Dimensional Schema in an RDBMS 1-24 A Compromising Choice 1-25 Managing Multidimensional Needs with Oracle OLAP 10g 1-26 Query Performance 1-28 Time to Prepare Data for Query 1-29 Summary 1-30 Practice 1: Overview 1-31 iii

4 2 Understanding Oracle OLAP Technology Objectives 2-2 Oracle OLAP Option: Architectural View 2-3 Components of Oracle OLAP 2-4 Query Access to the Analytic Workspace 2-7 OracleBI Spreadsheet Add-In 2-8 OracleBI Discoverer 2-10 OracleBI Beans 2-11 OracleBI Reports 2-12 Oracle Enterprise Planning and Budgeting 2-13 Oracle Application Express 2-14 Tools to Build an Analytic Workspace 2-16 Analytic Workspace Manager (AWM 10g) 2-18 Creating an Analytic Workspace by Using AWM 10g 2-19 Summary 2-20 Practice 2: Overview Building an Analytic Workspace Objectives 3-2 Examining the Logical Model 3-3 Examining the Logical Model: Dimensions 3-4 Role of Cubes in Oracle OLAP 3-5 Examining the Logical Model: Cubes and Measures 3-6 Source Data 3-7 Starting AWM 3-8 Creating a Database Connection 3-9 Connecting to a Database 3-10 Creating an Analytic Workspace 3-11 Analytic Workspace: Creation and Maintenance Privileges 3-12 Using Multilanguage Support 3-13 Creating Dimensions 3-14 Creating Levels 3-15 Creating Hierarchies 3-16 Attributes 3-17 Mapping Dimensions 3-18 Viewing Mapping Options 3-20 Loading Data 3-21 Loading the Data Report 3-22 Using the Data Viewer 3-23 Using Templates 3-24 iv

5 Configuring the Template Source 3-25 Creating Dimensions Using Templates 3-26 Creating Cubes 3-27 Creating Measures 3-29 Mapping Measures 3-30 Loading Data 3-32 Loading Data Report 3-34 Viewing Measures 3-35 Summary 3-37 Practice 3: Overview Applying Advanced Dimensional Design and Cube Processing Techniques Objectives 4-2 Adding to the Logical Model 4-3 Adding to the Logical Model: Dimension and Hierarchy 4-4 Adding to the Logical Model: Attributes 4-5 Source Data 4-7 Creating a Dimension: Implementation Details 4-8 Creating User Attributes 4-9 Examining Advanced Cube Settings 4-10 Creating a Cube: Implementation Details 4-11 Sparsity 4-13 Dimension Order and Sparsity 4-15 Compressed Cubes 4-16 Global Composites 4-17 Partitioned Cubes 4-18 Creating a Cube: Rules Tabbed Page 4-19 Aggregation Methods 4-20 Understanding Aggregation 4-21 Aggregation Operators 4-23 Summarization Strategy for Aggregation 4-25 Run-Time Cache 4-27 Measures in Compressed Cubes 4-28 Aggregation and Multiple Hierarchies 4-29 Refreshing Data 4-31 Refreshing Data Options 4-33 Refreshing Data: Task Processing Options 4-35 Reviewing the Build Log 4-36 Summary 4-37 Practice 4: Overview 4-38 v

6 5 Creating Calculated Measures Objectives 5-2 Calculated Measures 5-3 Calculated Measures and Inherited Dimensionality 5-5 Creating a Calculated Measure 5-6 Calculation Templates in AWM 10g 5-7 Share Calculation: Example 5-10 % Difference from a Prior Period: Example 5-12 Moving Averages: Example 5-14 Modifying Calculated Measures 5-16 Using Measure Folders 5-17 Creating Measure Folders 5-18 Summary 5-19 Practice 5: Overview Using OracleBI Spreadsheet Add-In to Query Data in Excel Objectives 6-2 Using OracleBI Spreadsheet Add-In 6-3 Connecting to an Oracle OLAP Data Source 6-4 Using the OLAP Query Wizard 6-5 Selecting Measures 6-6 Specifying a Layout 6-7 Specifying Dimension Members 6-8 Using Conditions 6-9 Using Conditions to Rank Values 6-10 Qualifying Ranking Conditions 6-12 Completing the Dimension Selection 6-13 Viewing the Report 6-14 Using the Report 6-15 Saving the Report 6-16 Modifying a Query 6-17 Modifying a Query: Results 6-18 Inserting an Excel Chart Based on OLAP Data 6-19 Using the Excel Chart 6-20 Applying Excel Formatting to OLAP Data 6-21 Creating an OLAP Calculation in Excel 6-22 Customizing Default Options 6-23 Summary 6-24 Practice 6: Overview 6-25 vi

7 7 Building Analytical Reports with OracleBI Discoverer Plus OLAP Objectives 7-2 OracleBI Discoverer Components 7-3 OracleBI Discoverer Plus OLAP 7-4 Distributing OLAP Analytics 7-5 Connecting to Discoverer Plus OLAP 7-6 Creating a Workbook and Worksheet 7-7 Selecting Measures in the Wizard 7-8 Specifying a Report Layout in the Wizard 7-9 Specifying Dimension Member Selections in the Wizard 7-10 Examining the Discoverer Plus OLAP Work Area 7-11 Using the Available Items Pane 7-12 Accessing the Edit Worksheet Wizard 7-13 Saved Selections 7-14 Creating Saved Selections: Edit Worksheet 7-15 Understanding Saved Selection Options 7-17 Using Saved Selections 7-18 Undoing or Redoing the Previous Action 7-19 Removing Items from a Report 7-20 Viewing the Query Steps Pane 7-21 Creating Saved Selections: Query Steps Pane 7-22 Applying User Attributes in Queries 7-23 Using the Selected Members Tabbed Page 7-24 Viewing the Graph 7-25 Using the Graph 7-26 Modifying the Graph 7-27 Adding a Title 7-28 Inserting a Hyperlink 7-29 Saving the Worksheet and Workbook 7-30 Viewing the Finished Report 7-31 Adding a Worksheet to a Workbook 7-32 Combining Measures of Different Dimensionality 7-33 Combining Measures of Different Dimensionality 7-34 Stoplight Formats 7-35 Creating Stoplight Formats 7-36 Stoplight Format Reporting 7-37 Creating OLAP Calculations in Discoverer 7-38 Summary 7-39 Practice 7-1: Overview 7-40 Practice 7-2: Overview 7-52 vii

8 8 Previewing Advanced Oracle OLAP Features Objectives 8-2 Oracle OLAP Platform: Features for IT 8-4 AWM 10g Viewing Options 8-6 Using the AWM 10g Object View 8-8 Using the OLAP Worksheet Interface 8-10 Entering OLAP DML Commands 8-11 Using SQL in the OLAP Worksheet 8-12 Using the OLAP Worksheet Help System 8-13 Using OLAP Help: Index Tabbed Page 8-14 Oracle OLAP Calculation Capabilities 8-15 Oracle OLAP Models 8-17 Models: An Example on a LINE Dimension 8-18 Using Models 8-20 Benefits of Models 8-21 Understanding More About Calculated Measures 8-22 Calculated Measures Using Custom Expressions Example: Conditional Logic Based on an Attribute 8-23 Using Custom Expressions to Alter Display Behaviour 8-25 Using OLAP Calculations in Practice 8-27 Using Excel to Define OLAP Calculations 8-28 Demonstration 8-29 Excel Leverages the AW API 8-30 Excel Leverages SQL Access to Oracle OLAP Standard Form AW Metadata 8-31 Metadata Retrieved via Views 8-32 User-Defined Functions 8-33 Creating User-Defined Functions 8-34 SQL Access to Analytic Workspaces 8-37 Simple SQL Access to Analytic Workspaces 8-39 Degrees of Interaction with the AW 8-41 SQL Access to AWs: Key Points 8-43 Summary 8-44 Oracle Database 10g: Using OLAP Course Summary 8-45 Appendix A Practice Solutions Appendix B Table Descriptions and Data viii