Oracle TimesTen 7.0: IMDB, Cache Connect, and Replication Volume I Student Guide

Transcription

1 Oracle TimesTen 7.0: IMDB, Cache Connect, and Replication Volume I Student Guide D46789GC10 Edition 1.0 April 2007 D50237

2 Author Danny Lau Technical Contributors and Reviewers Rohan Aranha David Aspinwall Percy Chan Susan Cheung Joe Chung Phil Chung Sam Drake Kirk Edson Philip Fees James Healy Chi-Kim Hoang Chris Jenkins Simon Law Robert Lawson Jenny Li Mark McAuliffe John Miller Marie-Anne Neimat William Paulsen Manish Pawar Martin Reames Paul Tuck Maureen Wagener Chih-Ping Wang Adam Whitter Editors Nita Pavitran Aju Kumar Copyright 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. Disclaimer This document contains proprietary information and is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. You may copy and print this document solely for your own use in an Oracle training course. The document may not be modified or altered in any way. Except where your use constitutes "fair use" under copyright law, you may not use, share, download, upload, copy, print, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, post, transmit, or distribute this document in whole or in part without the express authorization of Oracle. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the document, please report them in writing to: Oracle University, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, California USA. This document is not warranted to be error-free. Restricted Rights Notice If this documentation is delivered to the United States Government or anyone using the documentation on behalf of the United States Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS The U.S. Government s rights to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose these training materials are restricted by the terms of the applicable Oracle license agreement and/or the applicable U.S. Government contract. Trademark Notice Oracle, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, and Siebel are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Graphic Designer Samir Mozumdar Publishers Sujatha Nagendra Giri Venugopal

3 Contents Preface 1 Introduction and Course Overview Course Objectives 1-2 Intended Audience and Course Prerequisites 1-4 Suggested Agenda Overview of Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Objectives 2-2 Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database 2-3 Oracle TimesTen for Real-Time Business 2-4 TimesTen for Embedded Applications and the Enterprise 2-5 Fast Response 2-6 Oracle TimesTen Products 2-8 Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database (Base Product) 2-9 Complementary Database Strengths 2-10 Transaction Logging and Persistence 2-11 TimesTen IMDB Usage Scenarios 2-12 Telecom Benchmark 2-13 Benchmark Configurations 2-14 Transaction Response Time 2-15 Transaction Throughput 2-16 J2EE Application Servers and Java Middleware Tested with TimesTen 2-17 Finding a Row of Data in a Traditional Disk-Optimized RDBMS 2-18 Finding a Row of Data in TimesTen IMDB 2-19 TimesTen Processes and Direct Connect Mode 2-20 First Data Store Connection 2-22 Processing Data Store Updates 2-23 Data Store Checkpoints 2-24 Concurrent Data Store Connections 2-26 Client/Server Connect Mode 2-27 Additional Resources 2-29 Summary Installing TimesTen Objectives 3-2 Supported Linux Platforms 3-3 Other Supported UNIX Platforms 3-4 Supported Microsoft Windows Platforms 3-7 TimesTen Instances 3-8 TimesTen Instance Administrator 3-9 iii

4 TimesTen Installation Script on UNIX Systems 3-10 TimesTen Installation Program on Microsoft Windows Systems 3-13 Environment Variables on UNIX Systems 3-15 Environment Variables on Microsoft Windows Systems 3-17 TimesTen Data Manager Demo Programs 3-18 TimesTen Documentation 3-20 Summary Creating Data Source Names and Data Stores Objectives 4-2 Data Source Names (DSNs) 4-3 Defining Data Manager DSNs on UNIX Systems 4-4 Defining Data Manager DSNs on Microsoft Windows Systems 4-6 TimesTen DSN Attributes 4-7 Data Store Creation DSN Attributes 4-8 Connection Strings 4-10 Data Store Partitions 4-11 ttisql Utility 4-13 Connecting to a Data Store 4-15 ttstatus Utility: Data Store Connections 4-18 TimesTen Daemon Processes 4-20 Data Store RAM Policy 4-22 RAM Policy Setting 4-23 Access Control 4-24 Defining Users 4-26 Defining Privileges 4-28 User IDs and Passwords 4-30 ttdestroy Utility 4-33 Summary Creating Data Store Elements Objectives 5-2 Data Store Elements 5-3 Data Types 5-4 SQL Table DDL Statements 5-7 Altering a Table 5-16 Indexes 5-19 SQL Index DDL Statements 5-21 TimesTen System Tables 5-22 SYS.MONITOR System Table: Data Store Connections 5-25 ttsize Utility 5-26 SYS.MONITOR System Table: Data Store Sizes 5-28 Summary 5-30 iv

5 6 Accessing Data Store Elements Objectives 6-2 SQL DML Statements 6-3 Character Sets 6-8 Linguistic Sorts 6-10 Search Conditions 6-12 Functions and Operators 6-14 Other DML Statement Constructs 6-26 ROWID and ROWNUM 6-30 Sequences 6-31 Views 6-33 Preparing and Executing Statements 6-35 Parameterized Statements 6-38 TimesTen Built-In Procedures 6-39 Summary Managing Data Stores Objectives 7-2 Data Store Management Utilities 7-3 ttbulkcp Utility 7-4 ttbackup and ttrestore Utilities 7-5 ttmigrate Utility 7-7 ttschema Utility 7-9 ttadoptstores Utility 7-10 Initiating Checkpoint Operations 7-11 Changing the Size of a Data Store 7-14 SNMP Traps 7-15 Summary Transactions and Concurrency Control Objectives 8-2 Starting and Completing Transactions 8-3 Autocommit 8-4 Transaction Logging 8-6 Nondurable and Durable Commits 8-8 Transaction Durability 8-9 Locking and Granularity Level 8-11 Lock Timeout and Deadlock 8-13 SELECT.. FOR UPDATE Statement 8-14 Transaction Isolation Level 8-15 Read Committed Isolation 8-16 Serializable Isolation 8-17 ttxactadmin Utility 8-18 v

6 SYS.MONITOR System Table: Transactions, Logging, and Locks 8-20 Summary Performance Tuning and Query Optimization Objectives 9-2 Use of T-tree and Hash Indexes 9-3 Query Optimizer Column and Table Statistics 9-5 Computing Statistics 9-6 TimesTen Query Optimizer 9-8 Viewing an Execution Plan 9-9 Execution Plan Invalidation 9-13 Query Optimizer Hints 9-14 SYS.MONITOR System Table: Preparing Statements and Temporary Indexes 9-19 Timing Statement Execution 9-20 Summary Configuring TimesTen Client/Server Objectives 10-2 Data Store Connection Modes 10-3 Overview of TimesTen Client/Server 10-4 Client/Server Setup and Configuration 10-5 Server DSNs 10-6 Defining Server DSNs on UNIX Systems 10-7 Defining Server DSNs on Microsoft Windows Systems 10-8 Logical Server Names 10-9 Defining Logical Server Names on UNIX Systems Defining Logical Server Names on Microsoft Windows Systems Client DSNs Defining Client DSNs on UNIX Systems Defining Client DSNs on Microsoft Windows Systems Other Communication Modes for Local Client/Server Access Accessing a Data Store with a Client/Server Connection Testing Client Connections from Microsoft Windows Systems TimesTen Client Demo Programs Starting and Stopping the TimesTen Server Process ttstatus Utility: Server Status and Client Connections Summary Overview of Cache Connect to Oracle Objectives 11-2 Cache Connect to Oracle (Product Option) 11-3 Caching Data from an Oracle Database 11-4 Read-Only Cache Group 11-5 Example: Read-Only Cache 11-6 Updatable Cache Group 11-7 vi

7 Example: Multiple Updatable Caches 11-8 On-Demand Caching 11-9 Example: On-Demand Cache Summary Configuring a TimesTen Cache System Objectives 12-2 Cache Groups 12-3 Cache Group Definition 12-4 Data Synchronization from TimesTen to Oracle 12-5 Data Synchronization from Oracle to TimesTen 12-6 Cache Group Types 12-7 Cache Connect to Oracle System Requirements and Prerequisites 12-8 Oracle Users TimesTen Users TimesTen Data Store Requirements Cache Administration User Cache Agent ttstatus Utility: Cache Agent Status Summary Creating Cache Groups Objectives 13-2 Read-Only Cache Group 13-3 Creating a Read-Only Cache Group 13-4 Benefits of Read-Only Caching 13-6 AUTOREFRESH Cache Group Attribute 13-7 Altering a Cache Group 13-9 Statement Passthrough from TimesTen to Oracle Synchronous Writethrough Cache Group Synchronous Writethrough Cache Group Data Flow Creating a Synchronous Writethrough Cache Group Asynchronous Writethrough Cache Group Asynchronous Writethrough Cache Group Data Flow Creating an Asynchronous Writethrough Cache Group Benefits of Writethrough Caching Loading a Cache Group Unloading a Cache Group Refreshing a Cache Group WHERE Clause in Cache Group SQL Statements UNIQUE HASH ON Cache Table Attribute Automatic Data Aging Automatic Load on SELECT Dynamic Database Caching: Call Center Application Example vii

8 Sliding Window Caching User-Managed Cache Group Creating a User-Managed Cache Group Benefits of On-Demand Caching Flushing a Cache Group PROPAGATE Cache Table Attribute READONLY Cache Table Attribute Caching Other Oracle Elements Summary Cache Connect to Oracle Administrator Objectives 14-2 Configuring the Cache Connect to Oracle Administrator Web Server 14-3 ttstatus Utility: Web Server Status 14-6 Starting the Cache Connect to Oracle Administrator 14-7 Connecting to a TimesTen Data Store 14-8 Welcome to the Cache Administrator 14-9 Creating a Cache Group Definition Cache Group Type and AUTOREFRESH Cache Group Attribute Cache Table Attributes Selecting the Cache Tables and Data Aging Policy Defining the Root Table Root Table Definition Defining the Child Tables Completing the Cache Group Definition Viewing a Cache Group Definition Creating a Cache Group Dropping a Cache Group Managing the Cache Agent Summary Overview of Replication - TimesTen to TimesTen Objectives 15-2 Replication - TimesTen to TimesTen (Product Option) 15-3 Replication Configurations 15-5 Replication Topology: Master-Subscriber 15-6 Replication Topology: Master-Master 15-7 Replication Topology: N-Way 15-8 Replication Topology: Propagator 15-9 Replication Topology: Active Standby Pair Asynchronous Replication Synchronous Replication TimesTen Replication Architecture Summary viii

9 16 Configuring Replication Objectives 16-2 TimesTen Replication Elements 16-3 Configuring a Replicated System 16-4 Unidirectional Asynchronous Replication Scheme 16-5 Bidirectional Asynchronous Replication Scheme 16-7 Asynchronous Replication Data Flow 16-8 Replication Agent ttstatus Utility: Replication Agent Status Creating a Subscriber Data Store from a Master Data Store Replication States Return Receipt Synchronous Replication Scheme Return Receipt Replication Data Flow Return Two-Safe Synchronous Replication Scheme Return Two-Safe Replication Data Flow Summary Advanced Replication Configuration Topics Objectives 17-2 Altering a Replication Scheme 17-3 Propagator Replication Scheme 17-5 Active Standby Pair Replication Scheme 17-6 Altering an Active Standby Pair Replication Scheme 17-9 Replicating Sequences Replicating Tables in a Cache Group Replicating Cache Tables in an Active Standby Pair Replicating Cache Tables in a Read-Only Cache Group Replicating Cache Tables in an Updatable Cache Group Configuring Replication on a Cache Table Comprehensive High Availability for Multi-Tier Enterprise Architectures Replication Agent Port Allocation Replication Throughput and Compression Configuration Options Replication on Systems with Multiple Network Interface Cards (NICs) Summary Replication Recovery and Monitoring Objectives 18-2 Timestamp-Based Update Conflict Resolution 18-3 Transaction Log File Threshold 18-6 TimesTen Replication System Tables 18-7 Recovering Replication After Failover 18-9 Recovering Replication After Failover: Master-Subscriber Recovering Replication After Failover: Master-Master Recovering Replication After Failover: Propagator ix

10 Recovering Replication After Failover: Active Standby Pair TimesTen Replication Monitoring: ttrepadmin Utility Commands TimesTen Replication Monitoring: SYS.MONITOR System Table TimesTen Replication Monitoring: Built-In Procedures Summary Appendix A: Practices Appendix B: Solutions Appendix C: Installation Notes Appendix D: DSN Attributes Appendix E: ttisql Commands Appendix F: Utilities Appendix G: Built-In Procedures Appendix H: SQL Syntax x