BBN ANG 183 Typography Page layout

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1 BBN ANG 183 Typography Page layout Zoltán G. Kiss & Péter Szigetvári Dept of English Linguistics, Eötvös Loránd University gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 1 / 101

2 aims course aims you are/will be authors of publications content: writing the manuscript but also form: producing the final ( camera-ready ) copy why? gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 2 / 101

3 aims publishing before gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 3 / 101

4 aims publishing now gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 4 / 101

5 aims course aims (most) authors are not trained typographers foundations of the profession of typography terminology traditions technology benefits: nice, readable, standard-following documents typographic knowledge, skills gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 5 / 101

6 aims aims to achieve today raw material of publishing page sizes, proportions optimal arrangement of document elements within page grids page colour: spacing of text elements gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 6 / 101

7 intro 3 basic considerations for the design of a publication gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 7 / 101

8 intro 3 basic considerations for the design of a publication the selection of typefaces/fonts based on general guidelines for legibility, readability, printability, genre, etc. gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 7 / 101

9 intro 3 basic considerations for the design of a publication the selection of typefaces/fonts based on general guidelines for legibility, readability, printability, genre, etc. the compositional arrangement of page elements gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 7 / 101

10 intro 3 basic considerations for the design of a publication the selection of typefaces/fonts based on general guidelines for legibility, readability, printability, genre, etc. the compositional arrangement of page elements the method of distribution (printed, electronic, book, brochure... ) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 7 / 101

11 intro 3 basic considerations for the design of a publication the selection of typefaces/fonts based on general guidelines for legibility, readability, printability, genre, etc. the compositional arrangement of page elements the method of distribution (printed, electronic, book, brochure... ) today... we are going to focus on arrangement = layout gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 7 / 101

12 intro an example specific workflow suppose the publisher... wants a camera-ready manuscript from you on a stock paper A4 and plans to publish it in a book of size B/5 with a measure of picas gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 8 / 101

13 intro general workflow the general process of setting up one s own page layout (paper type) page size (book shape) (e.g., A/5 ) stock (e.g., A4 ) trim the stock to the size of the page size crop marks design the layout of your manuscript within the boundaries of the trimmed page size gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 9 / 101

14 paper size paper size the shape of books usually rectangular exceptions include children s books, and a book on epitaphs gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 10 / 101

paper size page proportions the ratio of the height (h) to the width (w) of a rectangle some proportions seem to be more pleasing to the eye than others

15 paper size page proportions the ratio of the height (h) to the width (w) of a rectangle some proportions seem to be more pleasing to the eye than others tall shapes lead the eye downwards and easier to hold the same proportions pop up in many cultures (and nature!) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 11 / 101

16 paper size? what are the most common traditional page (& textblock) proportions? gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 12 / 101

17 paper size page proportions factors aesthetics tradition current industrial (standard) sizes gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 13 / 101

18 paper size the square unison (1 : 1) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 14 / 101

19 paper size the square unison (1 : 1) CD booklets gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 15 / 101

20 gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 16 / 101 paper size common page proportions

21 paper size page (& textblock) proportions: tradition & current standards name proportion (w : h) corresp. standard octave 1 : 2 (double square) major 6th 3 : 5 (1 : 1.667) golden section 1 : ϕ (1 : 1.618) US legal sheet (1 : 1.647) fifth (Gutenberg) 2 : 3 (1 : 1.5) ISO (1 : 2/1 : 1.414) fourth 3 : 4 (1 : 1.294) US letter sheet (1 : 1.294) unison 1 : 1 CD booklets major 3rd 5 : 4 (1 : 0.8) US landscape letter (1 : 0.773) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 17 / 101

22 paper size some properties of ISO standard A series paper sizes A0 = 1 m 2 ( mm) the series has the proportion 2 : 1 all its members are reciprocal with themselves for more pleasing page contrast, a textblock with different proportion is recommended some properties of ISO standard B series paper sizes B0 was originally planned also to have the proportion 2 : 1 ( mm) but a rounded version spread ( mm) and so it only approximates the proportions of the A series gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 18 / 101

23 paper size ISO A series paper sizes gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 19 / 101

24 paper size the ISO vs. America the ISO standard for paper sizes is widespread except in the US and Canada the most commonly used sizes for everyday activities are: letter size ( (inch), mm) slightly wider and smaller than A4 legal size (14 8.5, mm) slightly wider and taller than A4 gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 20 / 101

25 the golden section and now, a brief maths detour gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 21 / 101

26 the golden section the golden section & Fibonacci series four special irrational numbers π = the circumference of a circle whose diameter = 1 e = the base of natural logarithms 2 = the diagonal of a unit square ϕ = the golden section/ratio gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 22 / 101

27 the golden section the golden section also called: extreme and mean ratio (Euclid), the divine proportion, medial section two elements embody the golden sec. when the ratio of the larger to the smaller is the same as the ratio of the sum of the two to the larger ϕ = b a = a+b b (a > b) ϕ = (1+ 5) named after Phidias (5th c. BC); used it in his sculptures gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 23 / 101

28 the golden section golden ratios in the Parthenon gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 24 / 101

29 the golden section the relationship between ϕ, rabbits and sunflowers gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 25 / 101

30 the golden section the relationship between ϕ, rabbits and sunflowers Leonardo of Pisa ( Fibonacci ), in: Liber Abaci [Book of the Abacus], 1202: gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 25 / 101

31 the golden section the relationship between ϕ, rabbits and sunflowers Leonardo of Pisa ( Fibonacci ), in: Liber Abaci [Book of the Abacus], 1202: How many pairs of rabbits can be produced from a single pair in a year? Assume that (1) each pair produces a new pair of offspring every month, (2) a rabbit becomes fertile at age one month, and (3) no rabbits die during the year. gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 25 / 101

32 the golden section the relationship between ϕ, rabbits and sunflowers Leonardo of Pisa ( Fibonacci ), in: Liber Abaci [Book of the Abacus], 1202: How many pairs of rabbits can be produced from a single pair in a year? Assume that (1) each pair produces a new pair of offspring every month, (2) a rabbit becomes fertile at age one month, and (3) no rabbits die during the year. 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1, gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 25 / 101

33 the golden section the relationship between ϕ, rabbits and sunflowers Leonardo of Pisa ( Fibonacci ), in: Liber Abaci [Book of the Abacus], 1202: How many pairs of rabbits can be produced from a single pair in a year? Assume that (1) each pair produces a new pair of offspring every month, (2) a rabbit becomes fertile at age one month, and (3) no rabbits die during the year. 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1, this is the Fibonacci series gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 25 / 101

34 the golden section the relationship between ϕ, rabbits and sunflowers Leonardo of Pisa ( Fibonacci ), in: Liber Abaci [Book of the Abacus], 1202: How many pairs of rabbits can be produced from a single pair in a year? Assume that (1) each pair produces a new pair of offspring every month, (2) a rabbit becomes fertile at age one month, and (3) no rabbits die during the year. 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1, this is the Fibonacci series the ratio of any adjacent pair of terms oscillates around ϕ (= ), approaching it ever more closely gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 25 / 101

35 the golden section the golden section/ perfect proportion often used in typography page sizes textblocks, margins font size changes gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 26 / 101

36 the golden section the Fibonacci (logarithmic) spiral gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 27 / 101

37 the golden section the Fibonacci (logarithmic) spiral gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 28 / 101

38 the golden section the Fibonacci (logarithmic) spiral gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 29 / 101

39 the golden section the Fibonacci (logarithmic) spiral gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 30 / 101

40 the golden section the Fibonacci (logarithmic) spiral gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 31 / 101

41 the golden section tablet/mobile devices & the golden ratio gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 32 / 101

42 the golden section Fibonacci spiral in photography: detail vs. space gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 33 / 101

43 the golden section Fibonacci spiral in photography: detail vs. space gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 34 / 101

the golden section Fibonacci spiral in web design: content clustering http://www.

44 the golden section Fibonacci spiral in web design: content clustering gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 35 / 101

45 the golden section Fibonacci spiral in fight scene gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 36 / 101

46 the golden section Fibonacci patterns in sunflower floret spirals gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 37 / 101

47 the golden section Fibonacci spiral in a nautilus shell gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 38 / 101

48 the golden section Fibonacci spiral in clouds gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 39 / 101

49 the golden section Fibonacci spiral in cats gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 40 / 101

50 the golden section Fibonacci series in font size changes font sizes 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, more versatile: 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 16, 21, 26, 34, 42,... gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 41 / 101

51 trimming stock page size trimmed book size gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 42 / 101

52 trimming A5 stock A/5 book size gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 43 / 101

53 trimming B5 stock B/5 book size gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 44 / 101

54 trimming gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 45 / 101

55 trimming bleeds & slug gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 46 / 101

56 trimming gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 47 / 101

57 trimming specifying bleeds & slug in an application gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 48 / 101

58 trimming some standard stock and trimmed book sizes press sheet size (mm) stock size (mm) trimmed book size (mm) (=A0) A A/4: ± 2 A A/5: ± ( B1) B B/4: ± 2 B B/5: ±2 press sheet/broadsheet = nyomdai nyersív gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 49 / 101

59 trimming length in press sheet in the colophone gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 50 / 101

60 trimming press sheet in Hungarian books (colophone) the length of a book is given in press sheets one press sheet = 16 pages the standard is to measure in A/5 sheets if a book is printed on A/5 trimmed size, its length = p 16 (A/5) sheets if a book is printed on B/5 trimmed size, its length = p (A/5) sheets (A-series stock is larger than B-series stock by 1.43) (e.g., A0 = 1m 2, B1 = 0.7m 2 ) e.g., = = 54.7 (A/5) sheets gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 51 / 101

61 grids now we know the trimmed book size, what next? gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 52 / 101

62 grids now we know the trimmed book size, what next? create the textblock (or: typeblock, type area, live area) tükör, design its optimal horizontal and vertical length gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 52 / 101

63 grids now we know the trimmed book size, what next? create the textblock (or: typeblock, type area, live area) tükör, design its optimal horizontal and vertical length position the textblock within the book page this creates margins around the textblock gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 52 / 101

64 grids now we know the trimmed book size, what next? create the textblock (or: typeblock, type area, live area) tükör, design its optimal horizontal and vertical length position the textblock within the book page this creates margins around the textblock we add place for the optional satellites: footer and/or the header, and the marginal notes gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 52 / 101

65 grids now we know the trimmed book size, what next? create the textblock (or: typeblock, type area, live area) tükör, design its optimal horizontal and vertical length position the textblock within the book page this creates margins around the textblock we add place for the optional satellites: footer and/or the header, and the marginal notes essentially thus we divide the available (and fixed) space of the page into grids (frames) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 52 / 101

66 grids grids in typography essential part of page design give underlying structure and consistency to a document grid structure must be balanced and orderly 2 main types column grids: simple publications, books, vertical designs modular grids: more complex designs, vertical horizontal designs most ptofessional DTP applications (QuarkXpress, InDesign) rely on grid structure gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 53 / 101

67 grids an empty, unstructured trimmed spread gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 54 / 101

68 grids grids: structured trimmed spread gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 55 / 101

69 grids grids: structured spread gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 56 / 101

70 grids grids: underlying structure, consistency gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 57 / 101

71 grids elements of a recto page gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 58 / 101

72 grids header, footer, folio, notes vs. the textblock header & footer: usually not counted in the size of textblock (unless it contains only the folio) footnotes: always part of textblock marginal notes: never part of textblock gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 59 / 101

73 grids what size should the textblock & margins be? considerations industry standards historical proportions practical issues: place for the thumbs, consistency of lines, glued or bound book, etc. gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 60 / 101

74 grids industry standards: textblock sizes B/5 page size: around 123 mm 185 mm A/4 page size: around 110 mm 155 mm gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 61 / 101

75 grids textblock & margin sizes in a B/5 book (mm) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 62 / 101

76 grids textblock & margin sizes in a B/5 book (mm) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 63 / 101

77 grids height of textblock must be the exact multiple of the baselineskip (= line height) e.g., if baselineskip = 12 pt & textheight should be 185 mm 185 mm = pt / 12 = 43.7 either enlarge the textheight to get exactly 44 lines (44 12 = 528 pt) or reduce it to get exactly 43 lines (43 12 = 516 pt) the textblock height will not be exactly 185 mm but having an exact multiple of the baselineskip is a more important factor gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 64 / 101

78 grids sample publication: fitted baselines gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 65 / 101

79 grids sample publication: fitted baselines gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 66 / 101

80 grids section titles must also fit the baselinegrid gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 67 / 101

81 grids section titles must also fit the baselinegrid gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 68 / 101

82 grids title page: also fixed on baselinegrid gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 69 / 101

83 grids title page: also fixed on baselinegrid gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 70 / 101

84 modular grids modular grids (Emil Ruder: Typography; 1967) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 71 / 101

85 modular grids modular grid examples gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 72 / 101

86 modular grids two-column grid: Journal of the Acoustical Soc. of America gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 73 / 101

87 examples Some further examples of page designs/grid structure: gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 74 / 101

88 examples Historia naturalis, N. Jenson, 1472 gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 75 / 101

89 examples R. Bringhurst: Elements of typographic style, 2005 gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 76 / 101

90 examples Biblia Polyglotta, C. Plantin, 1568 gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 77 / 101

91 examples Phaidon, catalogue, 2003 gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 78 / 101

92 examples The Illustrated London News, 1861 gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 79 / 101

93 examples Form + Zweck, journal, 1995 gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 80 / 101

94 examples L. Antal: A formális nyelvi elemzés, 2005 gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 81 / 101

95 text colour inside the textblock: text colour good colour is even and consistent neither dark (tight setting) nor pale (loose setting) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 82 / 101

96 text colour colour depends on the... design of typeface (e.g., seriffed or sans serif font; size) spacing between lines (leading) spacing between letters (letter spacing) spacing between words (word spacing) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 83 / 101

97 text colour legibility/readability legibility and readability legibility the reader s ability to easily recognize letterforms and the word forms built from them gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 84 / 101

98 text colour legibility/readability gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 85 / 101

99 text colour legibility/readability legibility and readability legibility the reader s ability to easily recognize letterforms and the word forms built from them readability the facility and comfort with which text can be comprehended gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 86 / 101

100 text colour legibility/readability legibility and readability legibility the reader s ability to easily recognize letterforms and the word forms built from them readability the facility and comfort with which text can be comprehended Text with good readability must also be legible, but mere legibility does not make text readable. gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 86 / 101

101 text colour legibility/readability legibility and readability legibility the reader s ability to easily recognize letterforms and the word forms built from them readability the facility and comfort with which text can be comprehended Text with good readability must also be legible, but mere legibility does not make text readable. Overall page design (including text colour), so not only type design, greatly affects both legibility and readability. gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 86 / 101

102 text colour tight spacing alternately tight letterspacing varying colour gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 87 / 101

103 text colour tight spacing tight spacing and legibility/readability carnal cloth savvy Font: LMRoman17 gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 88 / 101

104 text colour tight spacing tight spacing and sans serif fonts Font: Helvetica Neue LT Pro 55 Roman gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 89 / 101

105 text colour tight spacing serif vs. sans serif and letterspacing gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 90 / 101

106 text colour leading vertical spacing: leading leading (or: (base)lineskip, line/interline/interlinear spacing) Leading /"ledin/ is the distance in points from the baseline of one line of type to the baseline of the line that follows (or precedes) it. gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 91 / 101

107 text colour leading solid leading (baselineskip = point size) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 92 / 101

108 text colour leading positive leading (baselineskip > point size) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 93 / 101

109 text colour leading negative leading (baselineskip < point size) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 94 / 101

110 text colour leading some characteristics information included in the font file: metrics table solid leading: when it equals the point size; e.g., 12/12 ( 12 on 12 ) positive leading/extra lead: when lines are spread apart by adding lead; e.g., 12/13 ( 1 point of lead ) negative leading: when it is less than the point size (e.g., 12/10) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 95 / 101

111 text colour leading solid vs. positive leading gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 96 / 101

112 text colour leading common point sizes and leadings for publications 9/11 (e.g., footnote) 10/12 (A/5, B/5 book) 11/13 (B/5 book) 12/15 (home papers, theses) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 97 / 101

113 text colour leading auto(matic) leading automatic leading: some characteristics applications: leading = 1.2 fontsize single solid leading, but around 1.2 of the point size it is recommended to turn off automatic leading, and use manual/fixed leading (height of type area must be exact multiple of baselineskip!) gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 98 / 101

114 text colour leading optical ( subjective ) leading gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 99 / 101

115 text colour leading optical leading: negative leading gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 100 / 101

116 sample exam questions sample exam questions Which is never part of the textblock? 1. footnotes 2. marginal notes 3. footer 4. folio gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 101 / 101

117 sample exam questions sample exam questions Which is never part of the textblock? 1. footnotes 2. marginal notes 3. footer 4. folio gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 101 / 101

118 sample exam questions sample exam questions Which is never part of the textblock? 1. footnotes 2. marginal notes 3. footer 4. folio The area of the page that extends outside the cropped page is called 1. bleed 2. slug 3. press sheet 4. satellite gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 101 / 101

119 sample exam questions sample exam questions Which is never part of the textblock? 1. footnotes 2. marginal notes 3. footer 4. folio The area of the page that extends outside the cropped page is called 1. bleed 2. slug 3. press sheet 4. satellite gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 101 / 101

BBN ANG 183 Typography Page layout

BBN ANG 183 Typography Page layout Zoltán G. Kiss & Péter Szigetvári Dept of English Linguistics, Eötvös Loránd University gkz & szp (delg) typo/page layout 1 / 125 aims course aims you are/will be authors