From Legacy to State-of-the-art; Architectural Refactoring
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1 applications domain platform domain HW computing Infra- structure Computin g HW applications domain platform domain HW computing Infra- structure Digital Video Platform SW Computin g HW 3 rd party stack(s) Set Top Box Platform Set Top Box domain HW Set Top Box functions Computing HW M H P domain platform applications domain HW computing Infra- structure applications domain platform domain HW computing Infra- structure Digital Video Platform SW 3 rd party stack(s) Digital Video Platform SW Set Top Box domain HW 3 rd party stack(s) Computing HW Set Top Box functions Set Top Box Platform Set Top Box functions Set Top Box Platform Computing HW M H P Set Top Box domain HW M H P Storage applications Storage srvices storage domain HW by Gerrit Muller University of Southeast Norway-NISE gaudisite@gmail.com Abstract The market of electronic appliances shows a fast increasing diversity. Manufacturers must be able to combine existing functions and new applications in a short time frame. A large amount of accumulated SW code (legacy) has to be reused in new ways. The architecture(s) must be adapted to these new ways of working. Revolutionary adaptations have proven to be extremely risky. Opportunistic extension and integration decrease the quality of the code base, making it increasingly more difficult to continue. Architectural refactoring is a feedback based method to evolve an architecture. Hybrid Digital Distribution Digital UI This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí project philosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by an open creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature version to get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains complete and unchanged. status: finished Digital Cable ADSL Set top Gate way DVR DVD RW trans mitter re- ceiver elec. portable media- screen game console PDP 2 "All-in-one" combi Digital UI
2 Today s Audio Video Consumer Products Audio Mini Audio Portable Audio From: COPA tutorial, Rob van Ommering DVD VCR Hard Disk Walkman CD man 2 Gerrit Muller ARproductsRvO
3 Trend: Convergence of separate worlds Telecom Computer Consumer 3 Gerrit Muller LWAconvergence
4 Integration and Diversity GSM phone firewall dvd audio microset pda watch sailboat surveillance camera cable modem set top box headphone pen garment car camera speech mp3 television car navigation computer games flat display Communicator Ambient Intelligence living room 4 Gerrit Muller LWAintegrationAndDiversity
5 Today s Video Products DVD Player Cable Modem Set Top Box Conventional PC Video Recorder 5 Gerrit Muller ARcurrentProducts
6 Evolution of Video Products 1 Analog Cable VCR DVD 4 trans mitter re- ceiver portable media- screen game console Digital Cable 2 Set top VCR DVD Digital Cable ADSL Set top Gate way DVR DVD RW elec. PDP 2 Digital Cable 3 Set top VCR DVD elec. PDP Multiple inputs Multiple stores Multiple displays Multiple applications Multiple formfactors 6 Gerrit Muller ARproductEvolution
7 Distribution Scenario s A "Thin Servers" B "All-in-one" Combi's C "All-in-one" Home server D "Modular" Clients All-in-one Combi's Thin Clients Client Client Client Network Network Network Network Thin Servers All-in-one Server Server Server Server 7 Gerrit Muller ARproductScenarios
8 Product Packaging Options 4A "Thin Servers" trans mitter portable media- screen 4C "All-in-one" Home server trans mitter portable media- screen re- ceiver game console re- ceiver game console Digital Cable Set top DVR elec. PDP Digital Cable Set top DVR elec. PDP ADSL Gate way DVD RW 2 ADSL Gate way DVD RW 2 4B "All-in-one" Digital trans mitter portable media- screen 4D "Modular" trans mitter portable media- screen re- ceiver game console re- ceiver game console Digital Cable Set top DVR elec. PDP Digital Cable Set top DVR elec. PDP ADSL Gate way DVD RW 2 ADSL Gate way DVD RW Gerrit Muller ARpackaging
9 Moore s law From: COPA tutorial, Rob van Ommering 1 kb Moore's law MB 64 kb 9 Gerrit Muller LWAmooresLawRvO
10 Problem: increasing SW size, decreasing reliability? manyears per product typical amount of errors per product Gerrit Muller ARproblem
11 The Holy Grail: Reuse $$ REUSE Promise time Reality 11 Gerrit Muller ARtheHolyGrail
12 Simplistic Architecting: Digital analog applications domain platform domain HW computing Infra- structure Computing HW 3 rd party stack(s) Set Top Box Platform Set Top Box domain HW Digital Video Platform SW Set top box Set Top Box functions MHP Computing HW Merge applications domain platform Digital computing Infra- structure Digital UI glue 3 rd party stack(s) Digital Video Platform SW Set Top Box functions Set Top Box Platform MHP domain HW Set Top Box domain HW Computing HW Digital Video Platform domain HW Set Top Box domain HW Computing HW 12 Gerrit Muller ARdigitalTelevisionSimplisticArchitecture
13 Available Code Assets Digital UI applications domain platform domain HW computing Infra- structure >100 Myr >200 Myr >100 Myr glue Digital Video Platform SW Set Top Box domain HW 3 rd party stack(s) Set Top Box functions Set Top Box Platform MHP >100 Myr Computing HW "Legacy" code > 500 Myr 13 Gerrit Muller ARdigitalTelevisionCodeAssets
14 Merge problems Architectural mismatch : wrappers, translators, conflicting controls additional code and complexity, no added value tuner UI MPEG tuner UI MPEG Poor performance; additional resource usage Problems Architecture Reuse Duplication non problem 14 Gerrit Muller ARmergeProblems
15 Solution: Architectural Refactoring Refactoring clear product clear value proposition within short term business goals with limited but substantial refactoring goals feedback on direction limited investment based on long term architecture vision 15 Gerrit Muller ARsolution
16 Example of Refactoring Goals + Decrease Code Size + Decrease Resource Usage * power * memory * silicon area Quality Improvement investment as percentage of total budget 20% 10% 0% + Increase Performance * response time * throughput + Increase quality * decrease fault density time 16 Gerrit Muller ARrefactoringGoals
17 Architectural vs Code refactoring Architectural Refactoring Function, Structure, Rationale Code Refactoring old new optimize()... add(a)... remove()... move()... accelarate()... add(a)... remove()... Mechanisms, Technologies old return( error ) free, alloc raise( exception ) old new optimize()... add(a)... remove()... move()... accelarate()... new garbage collection 17 Gerrit Muller ARcodeVersusArchitecturalRefactoring
18 Prerequisite 1 Frequent feedback 18 Gerrit Muller
19 Feedback stepsize: elapsed time: 3 months 25 months Target Start 19 Gerrit Muller LWAfeedbackLarge
20 Feedback (2) stepsize: elapsed time 3 months 25 months Target 2 months 12 months Target Start Start 20 Gerrit Muller LWAfeedbackMedium
21 Feedback (3) stepsize: elapsed time 3 months 25 months 2 months 12 months 1 month 8 months Target Target Target Start Start Start Small feedback cycles result in Faster Time to Market 21 Gerrit Muller LWAfeedbackSmall
22 Prerequisite 2 Awareness of dynamics 22 Gerrit Muller
23 Myth: Platforms are Stable Dynamic Market How stable is a platform or an architecture? Architecture Components Platform Fast changing Technology 23 Gerrit Muller LWAplatformStability
24 Platform Evolution (Easyvision ) Last changed in: Growth Change rd generation components are mature, active maintenance needed. Growth and change continues, some "old" components become obsolete 24 Gerrit Muller LWAplatformEvolution
25 Prerequisite 3 Long Term Vision 25 Gerrit Muller
26 Example Long Term Vision Applications Services personalization i.e. tunes, themes Framework Reference Architecture Configuration i.e. Internationalization Computing Infrastructure Domain Infrastructure Long Term Vision: Reference Architecture + Sample implementation of Framework and Components 26 Gerrit Muller ARlongTermVisionExample
27 Don t do Digital Cable ADSL Set top Gate way DVR DVD RW trans mitter receiver elec. game console PDP 2 Opportunistic Legacy Integration PDP elec. trans mitter portable mediascreen receiver DVD RW Digital DVR Proclaimed reuse applications domain platform computing Infrastructure Digital UI glue 3 rd party stack(s) Set Top Box functions Set Top Box Platform MHP Set top Gate way Digital Video Platform SW domain HW Set Top Box domain HW Computing HW 27 Gerrit Muller ARtheWrongWay
28 Conclusion: Refactoring the Architecture is a must Hybrid Digital applications domain platform domain HW computing Infra- structure Computin g HW applications domain platform domain HW computing Infra- structure Digital Video Platform SW Computin g HW 3 rd party stack(s) Set Top Box Platform Set Top Box domain HW Set Top Box functions Computing HW M H P applications domain platform domain HW computing Infra- structure Digital Video Platform SW Digital UI 3 rd party stack(s) Computing HW Set Top Box functions Set Top Box Platform Set Top Box domain HW M H P trans mitter re- ceiver portable media- screen game console "All-in-one" combi Digital UI Digital Cable ADSL Set top Gate way DVR DVD RW elec. PDP 2 domain platform applications domain HW computing Infra- structure 3 rd party stack(s) Digital Video Platform SW Set Top Box domain HW Set Top Box functions Set Top Box Platform Computing HW M H P Storage applications Storage srvices storage domain HW 28 Gerrit Muller ARrefactoring
From Legacy to State-of-the-art; Architectural Refactoring
applications domain Computin g HW applications domain Video Platform SW Computin g HW 3 rd party stack(s) Top Box Platform Top Box Top Box functions Computing HW M H P domain applications applications
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