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1 CE Computer Networks Mehdi Kharrazi Department of Computer Engineering Sharif University of Technology Acknowledgments: Some of the slides are fully or partially obtained from other sources. Reference is noted on the bottom of each slide, when the content is fully obtained from another source. Otherwise a full list of references is provided on the last slide.
2 What happens when you click on a URL? When you click on a URL, 17 messages are exchanged on the internet 6 message to translate the server name to IP address 3 messages to setup a TCP connection 4 messages for your browser to send the HTTP get request, and server response (assuming the page it self fits in one message) 4 messages to tear down the connection [Peterson7] 2
3 History 3
4 Early communication over Long Distance Between human beings Letter and messenger Information carried by physical objects Speed limited by transportation means: horse, bird, train, car Bandwidth? Distance? Security? Fire Early optical communication Speed of light Bandwidth? Distance? Security? [Zhang7] 4
5 Communication Using Electrons 1827 (126) Ohm s Law 1837 (1216) Workable telegraph invented by Samuel Morse 1838 (1217) demonstration over 16 kilometers at 1 w.p.m (123) Western Union founded 1868 (1247) Transatlantic cable laid 1876 (1255) Alexander Bell invented the telephone 1885 (1264) AT&T formed 1892 (1271) First automated commercial telephone switch [Zhang7] 5
6 Age of Telephones 193 (1282) 3 million phones in the U.S (1294) First transcontinental telephone line 1948 (1327) Transistor invented by Bell scientists 1963 (1342) Digital transmission introduced 1965 (1344) 1ESS central office switch introduced 1969 (1348) Arpanet was born 1985 (1364) Last telegraph circuit closed down 1999 (1378) Last 4ESS install in ATT network [Zhang7] 6
7 (1348) ARPANET was born. 4 nodes were inter-connected: UCLA,SRI,UCSB, U. of Utah Charley Kline from UCLA sent 1 st packet. 5 Jun-7 Oct-7 Dec-7 Apr-71 Oct-72 Jun-74 7 Mar-77 Dec-79
8 (1349) ARPANET used NCP (Network Control Protocol), first end-to-end protocol 1 5 Jun-7 Oct-7 Dec-7 Apr-71 Oct-72 Jun-74 8 Mar-77 Dec-79
9 (135) 15 nodes were connected. Ray Tomlinson of BBN invented program. 1 5 Jun-7 Oct-7 Dec-7 Apr-71 Oct-72 Jun-74 9 Mar-77 Dec-79
10 was chosen by Ray Tomlinson to separate the userid and hostname. First computer-to-computer chat program at UCLA. 5 Jun-7 Oct-7 Dec-7 Apr-71 Oct-72 Jun-74 1 Mar-77 Dec-79
11 (1352) Ethernet was invented by Bob Metcalfe's (Harvard PhD Thesis) 5 Jun-7 Oct-7 Dec-7 Apr-71 Oct-72 Jun Mar-77 Dec-79
12 (1353) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) was invented by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn Jun-7 Oct-7 Dec-7 Apr-71 Oct-72 Jun Mar-77 Dec-79
13 (1354) First mailing list was created by Steve Walker. 1 5 Jun-7 Oct-7 Dec-7 Apr-71 Oct-72 Jun Mar-77 Dec-79
14 (1357) TCP splited into TCP and IP. 1 5 Jun-7 Oct-7 Dec-7 Apr-71 Oct-72 Jun Mar-77 Dec-79
15 (1358) 3Com was co-founded by Bob Metcalfe. 1 5 Jun-7 Oct-7 Dec-7 Apr-71 Oct-72 Jun Mar-77 Dec-79
16 (1361) DoD used TCP/IP to inter-connect networks. Thus, the Internet!!! 1 5 Oct-7 Apr-71 Mar-77 Aug-81 Aug-83 Oct-85 Nov-86 Jul Jan-89 Oct-89
17 (1362) NCP TCP/IP. ARPANET was split into ARPANET and MILNET. BSD included TCP/IP. 5 Oct-7 Apr-71 Mar-77 Aug-81 Aug-83 Oct-85 Nov-86 Jul Jan-89 Oct-89
18 (1363) DNS (Domain Name System) was introduced. > 1 hosts. 5 Oct-7 Apr-71 Mar-77 Aug-81 Aug-83 Oct-85 Nov-86 Jul Jan-89 Oct-89
19 (1366) > 1, hosts Oct-7 Apr-71 Mar-77 Aug-81 Aug-83 Oct-85 Nov-86 Jul Jan-89 Oct-89
20 (1367) First Internet Worm released by Morris. CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) was formed as a result. IRC was created. 5 Oct-7 Apr-71 Mar-77 Aug-81 Aug-83 Oct-85 Nov-86 Jul-88 2 Jan-89 Oct-89
21 (1368) > 1, hosts 1 5 Oct-7 Apr-71 Mar-77 Aug-81 Aug-83 Oct-85 Nov-86 Jul Jan-89 Oct-89
22 (1369) ARPANET ceased. AOL, CompuServe provided dial-up service. 1 5 Dec-7 Dec-79 Aug-83 Feb-86 Jul-88 Jul-89 Jan-91 Jan-92 Oct-92 Jul-93 Jul Jul-95 Jan-97
23 (137) WWW was created by Tim Berners-Lee from CERN. Linux was released by Linus Torvalds. 5 Dec-7 Dec-79 Aug-83 Feb-86 Jul-88 Jul-89 Jan-91 Jan-92 Oct-92 Jul-93 Jul Jul-95 Jan-97
24 > 1,, hosts. 1 5 Dec-7 Dec-79 Aug-83 Feb-86 Jul-88 Jul-89 Jan-91 Jan-92 Oct-92 Jul-93 Jul Jul-95 Jan-97
25 Network Solution, Inc was chosen to provide domain name registration. Mosaic was created. 5 Dec-7 Dec-79 Aug-83 Feb-86 Jul-88 Jul-89 Jan-91 Jan-92 Oct-92 Jul-93 Jul Jul-95 Jan-97
26 Realaudio started. Win95 released. Bob Metcalfe predicted the Internet would collapse. 5 Dec-7 Dec-79 Aug-83 Feb-86 Jul-88 Jul-89 Jan-91 Jan-92 Oct-92 Jul-93 Jul Jul-95 Jan-97
27 Browser war (Netscape vs. IE) began. tv.com sold to CNET for $15,. 5 Dec-7 Dec-79 Aug-83 Feb-86 Jul-88 Jul-89 Jan-91 Jan-92 Oct-92 Jul-93 Jul Jul-95 Jan-97
28 M domain names registered. Compaq bought altavista.com for $3.3M. Google founded. 5 Dec-7 Dec-79 Aug-83 Feb-86 Jul-88 Jul-89 Jan-91 Jan-92 Oct-92 Jul-93 Jul Jul-95 Jan-97
29 First online banking. business.com sold for $7.5B Napster released. 1 5 Dec-7 Dec-79 Aug-83 Feb-86 Jul-88 Jul-89 Jan-91 Jan-92 Oct-92 Jul-93 Jul Jul-95 Jan-97
30 Millennium bug. 1 5 Dec-7 Dec-79 Aug-83 Feb-86 Jul-88 Jul-89 Jan-91 Jan-92 Oct-92 Jul-93 Jul-94 3 Jul-95 Jan-97
31 Wikipedia launched. 1 5 Dec-7 Dec-79 Aug-83 Feb-86 Jul-88 Jul-89 Jan-91 Jan-92 Oct-92 Jul-93 Jul Jul-95 Jan-97
32 > 439M hosts. 1 new computers joined the Internet every second. 1 5 Dec-7 Dec-79 Aug-83 Feb-86 Jul-88 Jul-89 Jan-91 Jan-92 Oct-92 Jul-93 Jul Jul-95 Jan-97
33 Google valued at 138 billion dollars. 1 5 Dec-7 Dec-79 Aug-83 Feb-86 Jul-88 Jul-89 Jan-91 Jan-92 Oct-92 Jul-93 Jul Jul-95 Jan-97
34 34
35 * Source: Bill Cheswick, Mapping the Internet and Intranets. NJIT, 1 March 25 35
36 Colored by distance from scanning host * Source: Bill Cheswick, Mapping the Internet and Intranets. NJIT, 1 March 25 36
37 Today s Networks What are common applications? Web Video Streaming file sharing (p2p) Gaming e-commerce VoIP
38 Details on the Course
39 Administrivia Website: sharif.edu/~kharrazi/courses/ / You are expected to check the website regularly Textbook: Computer Networks: A Systems Approach (Fourth Edition), by Larry L. Peterson, Bruce S. Davie, March 27. Prerequisites: Probability and Statistics Corequisites: Operating Systems You must also take, with 4-443
40 Administrivia TAs Behnam Momeni Ali Fattaholmanan Roozbeh Ketabi Mina Tahmasbi Roohy Shemirani Morteza Ramezani Grading 1% quiz 4% homework 2% midterm 3% final
41 Policies Late Homework One day late will cost you 25%, two days 5%, and three days 75%. No homework will be accepted after the third day. Cell phones Please turn them off before entering class. Cheating and Copying First time you are caught you will get a zero for the task at hand. Second time you are caught you will fail the course. Providing your assignment to someone else is considered cheating on your behalf.
42 Acknowledgments/References History of the Internet, WeeSan Lee [Zhang7] Hui Zhang, Networking, Fall 27, School of computer science, CMU. [Peterson7] Computer Networks: A Systems Approach (Fourth Edition), by Larry L. Peterson, Bruce S. Davie, March
CE Computer Networks
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CE Computer Networks
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