CS40024: Internet Technology
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1 CS40024: Internet Technology Sandip Chakraborty Time-Travel to the Past A History of Internet 08 January, 2015 Internet Technology CS January, / 19
2 Disclaimer: The slides are based on, - The previous slides by Ajay Gopinathan (UC Merced), - Internet History, Gregory Gromov - A Brief History of the Internet, Walt Howe - Hobbes Internet Timeline, Robert Hobbes Zakon - History of the Internet, Internet for Historians, Richard T. Griffiths Internet Technology CS January, / 19
3 Early Communication Networks Circuit Switched Networks - Telephone Networks Internet Technology CS January, / 19
4 Early Communication Networks Circuit Switched Networks - Telephone Networks - Source: Internet Technology CS January, / 19
5 In the Beginning: ARPA Sputnik was launched by Russian in 1957 Eisenhower established Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - Technological Think-Tank for American Defense ARPA Starts looking in Computer Networking and Communications for defense establishments. Dwight D. Eisenhower (US President: ) Internet Technology CS January, / 19
6 Beginning of ARPANET 1962: ARPA recruits J. Licklider and L. Roberts as the head of computer research Focus on computer communication for military purpose. J. Licklider L. Roberts Internet Technology CS January, / 19
7 Problem with Data Traffic Data traffic is Bursty! Traffic Demand for Mumbai from 30/12/2014 to 07/01/2015 Source: National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) Traffic Demand for IIT-KGP from 30/12/2014 to 07/01/2015 Source: Computer and Informatics Center, IIT Kharagpur Internet Technology CS January, / 19
8 Packet Switched Network - A Revolution in the Internet 1961: Leonard Kleinrock invented packet switched network through Queuing theory. Basically, what I did for my PhD research in was to establish a mathematical theory of packet networks... Leonard Kleinrock Internet Technology CS January, / 19
9 Packet Switched Network - A Revolution in the Internet Source: Internet Technology CS January, / 19
10 ARPANET 1967: Lawrence Roberts publishes a plan for the first computer network system - the ARPANET Design of packet switch framework, called the Interface Message Processor (IMP) - Contract given to BBN October, 1969: IMPs installed in UCLA, Stanford, UCSB and Utah Internet Message Processor Internet Technology CS January, / 19
11 Birth of the PSN - Interview of Kleinrock We set up a telephone connection between us and the guys at SRI. We typed the L and we asked on the phone, Do you see the L? Yes, we see the L, came the response. We typed the O, and we asked, Do you see the O? Yes, we see the O. Then we typed the G, and the system crashed... Internet Technology CS January, / 19
12 ARPANET - Progress Internet Technology CS January, / 19
13 Progress of Network Protocols NCP, first host-to-host protocol was designed to enable network applications. 1972: Ray Tomlinson writes program for ARPANET, First computer to computer chat takes place between Stanford and BBN, telnet protocol 1973: FTP protocol Internet Technology CS January, / 19
14 Birth of Ethernet ARPANET - Each node able to only talk to the other node on the other end of wire First medium access control - ALOHANet by Norman Abramson : Bob Metcalfe s dissertation leads to the Ethernet protocol based on ALOHA Internet Technology CS January, / 19
15 Birth of Ethernet ARPANET - Each node able to only talk to the other node on the other end of wire First medium access control - ALOHANet by Norman Abramson : Bob Metcalfe s dissertation leads to the Ethernet protocol based on ALOHA Dissertation initially rejected by Harvard for not being analytical enough, but won acceptance when a few more equations were added! Internet Technology CS January, / 19
16 Internet - Network of Networks Father of the Internet: Vincent Cerf and Robert Kahn : Unification of network protocols - Cerf and Kahn started working at DARPA to unify different network protocols - network of networks - internetworking 2 RFC Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program, by Vinton Cerf, Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine, Network Working Group, December 1974 Internet Technology CS January, / 19
17 Principles of Internetworking Decentralized control Stateless routers Network autonomy - you can connect to any network with a network device installed. Best effort service model Internet Technology CS January, / 19
18 TCP/IP and WWW 1st Jan, 1983: TCP/IP replaced NCP as universal host protocol. 1991: The birth of WWW - HTTP protocol, web browser, web server, web pages Growth of Internet Internet Technology CS January, / 19
19 Submarine Cable Map - Connecting Global Internet Internet Technology CS January, / 19
20 Interesting Resources on Internet Internet Systems Consortium internet.org Internet society World Wide Web Consortium Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet Technology CS January, / 19
21 Study Books/Materials TCP/IP Tutorial and Technical Overview, (IBM Redbook) TCP/IP Guide, Charles M. Kozierok Request for Comments (RFC) - IETF Research Publications/Reports Internet Technology CS January, / 19
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