Acknowledgments Introduction p. 1 The Wireless Internet Revolution p. 1 Why Java Technology for Wireless Devices? p. 2 A Bit of History p.

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1 Figures p. xiii Foreword p. xv Preface p. xvii Acknowledgments p. xxi Introduction p. 1 The Wireless Internet Revolution p. 1 Why Java Technology for Wireless Devices? p. 2 A Bit of History p. 3 J2ME Standardization Efforts p. 4 Overview of Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) p. 7 Java 2 Platform p. 7 Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) p. 8 Key Concepts of the J2ME Architecture p. 10 Profiles p. 12 Configurations p. 14 The K Virtual Machine (KVM) p. 16 Goals, Requirements, and Scope p. 19 High-Level Goals p. 19 Dynamic delivery of Java applications and content p. 20 Third-party application development p. 20 Independence of network technology standards p. 21 Compatibility with other wireless application standards p. 22 Target Devices p. 22 General Notes on Consumer Devices and Embedded Systems p. 24 Requirements p. 26 Hardware requirements of CLDC p. 27 Hardware requirements of MIDP p. 28 Software requirements of CLDC p. 28 Software requirements of MIDP p. 29 J2ME requirements p. 30 Scope of the CLDC and MIDP Standardization Efforts p. 30 Scope of CLDC p. 30 Scope of MIDP p. 31 High-Level Architecture and Security p. 35 High-Level Architecture p. 35 Security p. 37 Low-level (virtual machine) security p. 38 Application-level security p. 39 End-to-end security p. 41 Connected Limited Device Configuration p. 43 CLDC Expert Group p. 44

2 CLDC Application Model p. 44 Architectural overview p. 44 The concept of a Java application p. 45 Application management p. 46 Java Language Specification Compatibility p. 47 No floating point support p. 47 No finalization p. 48 Error handling limitations p. 48 Java Virtual Machine Specification Compatibility p. 48 No floating point support p. 49 Other differences p. 50 Class file verification p. 53 Class file format and class loading p. 55 CLDC Libraries p. 59 Background and Goals p. 59 Classes Derived from J2SE p. 60 System classes p. 60 Data type classes p. 61 Collection classes p. 61 Input/output classes p. 61 Calendar and time classes p. 62 Additional classes p. 62 Exception and error classes p. 62 Internationalization support p. 63 Property support p. 64 CLDC-Specific Classes p. 65 Background and motivation p. 65 The Generic Connection framework p. 66 No network protocol implementations defined in CLDC p. 68 Design of the Generic Connection framework p. 68 Additional remarks p. 71 Sample code p. 71 Mobile Information Device Profile p. 79 MIDP Expert Group p. 80 Areas Covered by the MIDP Specification p. 80 MIDP Application Model p. 83 Limitations of the CLDC Application Model p. 83 MIDlets p. 85 MIDlet states p. 89 MIDlet Suites p. 92 MIDlet suite packaging p. 92

3 MIDlet suite execution environment p. 96 MIDP System Software p. 98 Application management functionality p. 98 MIDP User Interface Libraries p. 101 Structure of the MIDP User Interface API p. 102 Screen model p. 102 Low-level user interface p. 104 High-level user interface p. 104 Abstract Commands p. 105 Commands and command types p. 105 Command listeners p. 106 Interactions with MIDlet Application Lifecycle p. 106 Graphics and Canvas in the Low-Level API p. 107 Redrawing mechanism p. 108 Drawing model p. 108 Coordinate system p. 109 Clipping and translation p. 110 Color model p. 110 Line styles p. 111 Fonts p. 111 Canvas visibility p. 112 Low-level API for Events in Canvases p. 112 Key events p. 112 Action keys p. 112 Pointer events p. 113 Graphics Drawing Primitives p. 113 Scaling to the Canvas p. 113 Drawing lines p. 114 Drawing and filling arcs p. 115 Drawing and filling rectangles p. 115 Drawing and filling rounded rectangles p. 116 Drawing text and images p. 117 Creating and Using Images p. 118 Mutable and immutable images p. 118 Drawing to a mutable image p. 119 Animation using images p. 119 Using Screens p. 124 List p. 124 TextBox p. 127 Alert p. 128 Ticker p. 129

4 Form p. 130 Using Items p. 130 Item p. 130 String and StringItem p. 131 Image and ImageItem p. 131 TextField p. 131 DateField p. 132 ChoiceGroup p. 132 Gauge p. 133 ItemStateListener p. 133 A Note on Concurrency p. 133 MIDP Networking Libraries p. 135 Characteristics of Wireless Data Networks p. 135 Network Interface Considerations p. 136 The HttpConnection Interface p. 138 States of a network connection p. 138 Parsing URLs p. 139 Establishing a connection p. 140 HTTP request headers p. 140 Using an HTTP connection p. 141 HTTP response headers p. 143 Sample Code (NetClientMIDlet.java) p. 145 MIDP Persistence Libraries p. 157 The Record Management System p. 157 Manipulating Record Stores and Records p. 158 Manipulating a record store p. 159 Manipulating records in a record store p. 161 Converting record data to and from byte arrays p. 161 Filtering, comparing, listening and enumerating records p. 162 Sample Code (RMSMIDlet.java) p. 166 Additional MIDP APIs p. 177 Timer Support p. 177 Using one-shot timers p. 178 Using repeating timers p. 178 Sample code (TimerMIDlet.java) p. 179 System Properties p. 183 Application Resource Files p. 184 Exiting a MIDlet p. 184 Sample Applications p. 187 The PhotoAlbum Application p. 188 Class PhotoAlbum p. 190

5 Class PhotoFrame p. 195 Class Animation p. 205 Descriptor file PhotoAlbum.jad p. 210 The AddressBook Application p. 211 Class AddressBookMIDlet p. 211 Class SimpleRecord p. 225 Class SimpleFilter p. 227 Class SimpleComparator p. 229 Class NetworkQuery p. 231 The Sokoban Game Application p. 237 Class Sokoban p. 237 Class SokoCanvas p. 241 Class Board p. 252 Class Score p. 259 Development Environments for J2ME p. 265 Summary p. 267 CLDC Application Programming Interface p. 271 Almanac Legend p. 274 java.lang p. 277 java.io p. 291 java.util p. 299 javax.microedition.io p. 305 MIDP Application Programming Interface p. 309 java.lang p. 311 java.util p. 313 javax.microedition.io p. 315 javax.microedition.lcdui p. 317 javax.microedition.midlet p. 329 javax.microedition.rms p. 331 Index p. 335 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.

Programming Wireless Devices with the Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition

Programming Wireless Devices with the Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition J2ME Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) Roger Riggs Antero Taivalsaari Mark VandenBrink