Pro JavaFX 2. Weiqi Gao, Ph.D. Stephen Chin. Apress* James L. Weaver. Dean Iverson with Johan Vos, Ph.D.

Transcription

1 Pro JavaFX 2 James L. Weaver Weiqi Gao, Ph.D. Stephen Chin Dean Iverson with Johan Vos, Ph.D. Apress*

2 Contents Foreword About the Authors About the Technical Reviewer Acknowledgments xv xvi xviii xix Chapter 1: Getting a Jump Start in JavaFX 1 avafx Can't Bring Rich-Client Java Back by Itself 1 Brief History of JavaFX 2 oing to the Source: Oracle's JavaFX Web Site 4 Accessing the JavaFX SDK API 5 Obtaining the JavaFX SDK, 6 Other Available Tools 7 Developing Your First JavaFX Program: "Hello Earthrise" 7 Compiling and Running from the Command-Line 7 Understanding the Hello Earthrise Program 8 Building and Running the Program with NetBeans 17 Developing Your Second JavaFX Program: "More Cowbell!" 21 Building and Running the Audio Configuration Program 21 The Behavior of the Audio Configuration Program 22 Understanding the Audio Configuration Program 23 Colors and Gradients 27 iv

3 m CONTENTS The Model Class for the Audio Configuration Example 28 Defining Change Listeners in the Model class 29 Surveying JavaFX Features 31 Summary 32 Resources, 33 Chapter 2: Creating a User Interface in JavaFX 35 Introduction to Node-Centric Uls 35 Setting the Stage 36 Understanding the Stage Class 36 Using the Stage Class: The StageCoach Example 37 Understanding the StageCoach Program 41 Making a Scene 50 Using the Scene Class: The OnTheScene Example 50 Understanding the OnTheScene Program 52 Handling Input Events 62 Surveying Mouse and Keyboard Events and Handlers 62 Understanding the KeyEvent Class 62 Understanding the MouseEvent Class 62 Animating Nodes in the Scene 63 Using a Timeline for Animation 64 Using the Transition Classes for Animation 71 The Zen of Node Collision Detection 80 Summary 91 Resources 92 Chapter 3: Properties and Bindings 93 Forerunners of JavaFX 2 Binding 93 A Motivating Example 94 v

4 951 CONTENTS Understanding Key Interfaces and Concepts 99 Understanding the Observable Interface 100 Understanding the ObservableValue Interface 100 Understanding the WritableValue Interface 101 Understanding the ReadOnlyProperty Interface 101 Understanding the Property Interface 102 Understanding the Binding Interface 103 Type-Specific Specializations of Key Interfaces 105 A Common Theme for Type-Specific Interfaces 106 Commonly Used Classes 109 Creating Bindings 110 Understanding the Bindings Utility Class 110 Understanding the Fluent Interface API 114 Understanding the JavaFX Beans Convention 125 The JavaFX Beans Specification 125 Understanding the Eagerly Instantiated Properties Strategy 126 Understanding the Lazily Instantiated Properties Strategy 130 Using Selection Bindings 132 Summary 135 Resources 136 Chapter 4: Building Dynamic Ul Layouts in JavaFX Introducing JavaFX Reversi 137 Board Layout and Basic Rules 138 Building a JavaFX Model for Reversi 140 Dynamic Layout Techniques 141 Centering Text Using Bind 142 Centering Revisited Using a StackPane 143 Aligning to Edges Using StackPanes and TilePanes 145 vi

5 m CONTENTS Using FlowPane and Boxes for Directional Alignment 148 Composing a Layout Using BorderPane 153 Creating Custom Regions 156 Building a Custom Square Region 156 Building a Resi2able Reversi Piece 159 Laying Out the Tiles Using a GridPane 162 Aligning and Stretching with AnchorPane 165 When to Use Different Layouts 167 A New Perspective on Reversi: The JavaFX 3D Scene Graph 169 Bringing Reversi to Life 172 Highlighting Legal Moves 172 Highlighting the Active Cell 175 Taking Turns 178 Additional Game Enhancements 180 Summary 181 Resources 181 SChapter 5: Using the JavaFX Ul Controls 183 Trying Out the JavaFX Ul Controls 183 Leveraging the JavaFX Ul Controls 192 Setting the Stage for the StarterApp Program 194 Creating a Menu and Defining Menu Items 196 Creating a Toolbar 197 Creating a TabPane and Defining Tabs 203 Creating a TableView 205 Creating an Accordion and Defining a TitledPane 208 Creating a TreeView 209 Creating a ListView and Assigning Items to a ListView 212 vii

6 CONTENTS Creating a SplitPane 212 Defining a ScrollPane 213 Using a CheckBox 218 Defining a RadioButton 218 Creating a Hyperlink 219 Defining a ChoiceBox 219 Using a MenuButton 220 Creating a ContextMenu 221 Creating a SplitMenuButton 222 Defining a TextField 222 Using a PasswordField 223 Creating a TextArea 223 Creating a Slider 224 Defining a Progresslndicator 224 Defining a ScrollBar 225 Using a ProgressBar 225 Creating an HTMLEditor 226 Creating a Popup 227 UsingaWebView 228 Summary 229 Resources 229 Chapter 6: Collections and Concurrency 231 Understanding Observable Collections 231 Understanding ObservableList 232 Handling Change Events in ListChangeListener 236 Understanding ObservableMap 243 Using Factory and Utility Methods from FXCollections 248 viii

7 CONTENTS Using the JavaFX Concurrency Framework 254 Identifying the Threads in a JavaFX Application 255 Fixing Unresponsive Ills 261 Understanding the javafx.concurrent Framework 267 Embedding JavaFX Scenes in Swing and SWT Applications 287 Summary 304 Resources 305 Chapter 7: Creating Charts in JavaFX 307 Structure of the JavaFX Chart API 307 Using the JavaFX PieChart 308 The Simple Example 308 Some Modifications 312 Using the XYChart 316 Using the ScatterChart 317 Using the LineChart 325 Using the BarChart 326 Using the AreaChart 328 Using the BubbleChart 329 Summary 334 Resources 334 Chapter 8: Using the Media Classes 335 The Foundation 335 Supported Media Formats 335 Working with Audio Clips 336 Controlling the Playback Parameters of an AudioClip 339 Constructing the Scene 340 AudioClip Wrap-Up 343

8 CONTENTS Working with Media 344 Playing Audio 345 Error Handling 346 Displaying Metadata 347 Loading Media 350 Controlling Playback 356 Audio Equalization 368 MediaPlayerWrap-Up 379 Playing Video 380 Controlling the Size of a MediaView 381 MediaView and Effects 383 Using Markers 383 One Player, Multiple Views 385 Converting AudioPlayer into a VideoPlayer 388 Summary 390 Chapter 9: Accessing Web Services 391 Front-end and Back-end Platforms 391 Merging JavaFX and Java Enterprise Modules in the Same Environment 393 Using JavaFX to Call Remote (Web) Services 395 SOAP 395 REST 395 Summary 429 Chapter 10: JavaFX Languages and Markup 431 A Quick Comparison of Alternative Languages 431 Vanishing Circles in Java 432 Vanishing Circles in Alternative JVM Languages 435 x

9 3 CONTENTS Making Your JavaFX Groovy 439 Introduction to GroovyFX 440 Properties in GroovyFX 445 GroovyFX Binding 446 GroovyFX API Enhancements 448 Scala and JavaFX 453 Getting Started with ScalaFX 453 ScalaFX Proxies and Implicit Conversions 458 JavaFX Properties in Scala 459 ScalaFX Bind APIs 461 API Enhancements 462 Visage, the JavaFX Language 465 Advantages of Using Visage 465 Getting Started with Visage 466 Constructing Uls with FXML Markup 468 Learning FXML by Example 468 Controlling FXML Applications 473 Summary 475 Resources 475 Appendix: The Visage Language in Depth 477 An Overview of Visage 477 Variables, Values, and Their Types 478 Variable Names 479 Variable Types 479 Primitive Types 480 Boolean Type 480 Integer Type 481 Character Type 484 xi

10 CONTENTS Byte, Short, and Long Types 485 Float and Number Types 486 Double Types 488 String Type 488 Duration Type 491 Length Type 493 Angle Type 496 Color Type 497 Working with Sequences 499 Sequence Types 500 Constructing Sequences Using Explicit Sequence Expressions 501 Constructing Numeric Sequences Using Range Expressions 501 Manipulating Sequences 503 Comprehending Sequences 509 Using Utility Functions in visage.util.sequences 511 Visage Expressions 512 Expressions and Their Types 512 Block Expression 513 Precedence and Groupings 514 Expression Separator 514 Variable and Constant Declarations 514 Assignment Operator 515 Compound Assignment Operators 516 Relational Operators 516 While Expression 518 Revisiting the for Expression 519 If Expression 520 xii

11 CONTENTS Object Literals 522 Classes and Objects 523 The Object Literal Expression 523 Manipulating Objects 526 Handling Nulls in Visage 528 Creating Java Objects with the new Operator 529 Making of a Declarative Syntax 529 Working with Data Bindings 530 Bind Expression 530 Bidirectional Bindings and Lazy Bindings 533 Working with Functions 536 Function Definitions 536 Overloaded Functions 543 Function Types and Anonymous Functions 546 Bound Functions 549 Handling Exceptions 551 Working with Classes 555 Class Definitions 555 Creating Class Hierarchies 564 Organizing Visage Code 573 Scripts 574 Modules 575 A Special Provision for Classes 576 Packages 577 Import Directives 579 Access Modifiers 581 xiii

12 CONTENTS Triggers 583 Accessing the Old and New Values in Trigger Blocks 584 Accessing Sequence Modification Information in Trigger Blocks 586 Debugging with Triggers 588 String Formatting and internationalization 589 Using String Format Specifications 589 Internationalizing Visage Programs 592 Leveraging Java from Visage 594 Instantiating Java Classes 594 Accessing Java Object Fields 595 Calling Java Methods 595 Accessing Static Fields and Methods 595 Quoting Visage Keywords 596 Accessing Nested Classes 596 Accessing Java Enums 597 Extending Java Classes and Interfaces 597 Dealing with Java Arrays 599 Iterating Through Java Collections 599 Visage Reflection 600 Mirror-Based Reflection 600 Entering the Reflection World 601 Invoking Instance and Script Functions 606 Resources 607 Index 609 xiv