Getting Started with Photoshop

Transcription

1 Getting Started with Photoshop Delivered by ITS Training Services for Penn State ITS Training Services 23 Willard Building University Park, PA Version 01/03/2014

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3 TABLE OF CONTENTS OBJECTIVES... 2 GETTING STARTED WITH PHOTOSHOP... 3 WHAT IS PHOTOSHOP?... 3 WHERE DO IMAGES COME FROM?... 3 LOOKING AT THE INTERFACE... 4 USING THE TOOLBAR... 5 USING PALETTES... 6 USING THE CANVAS AREA... 7 USING THE STATUS BAR... 7 USING ONLINE HELP... 7 ACTIVITY: SELECTING CONTENT FROM AN IMAGE... 9

4 OBJECTIVES Become familiar with the Adobe Photoshop interface Understand how to select and use tools Show, hide, and use palettes Create and modify images Work with selections, colors, and layers Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 2

5 GETTING STARTED WITH PHOTOSHOP WHAT IS PHOTOSHOP? Adobe Photoshop is a high-end image editing program capable of photo retouching and color painting. It is an art production tool that allows you to: create/produce high-quality digital images isolate parts of an image with layers for individual editing control separate colors create halftones, duotones, tritones and quadtones WHERE DO IMAGES COME FROM? An image can be created, opened, edited, and saved in many formats in Photoshop. The main file formats that you will most likely use are TIFF, PICT, EPS, GIF, JPEG, and the native PSD Photoshop format. Images can be gathered from a wide variety of sources: scans, drawing/painting applications, PhotoCDs, and digital cameras. New images can be created completely in Photoshop as well. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 3

6 LOOKING AT THE INTERFACE The Adobe Photoshop Interface is broken down into several areas. Dropdown menus Tool specific menu bar Tool bar Pallets Canvas space USING THE DROPDOWN MENUS Several drop-down menus are available with specific options for image manipulation. Options range from color mode adjustments for color correction of images to adding artistic filter applications to alter the appearance of an image. USING THE TOOL SPECIFIC MENU BAR This bar provides specific options that will offer precise control of the selected tool when editing an image. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 4

7 USING THE TOOLBAR When you open the application, the toolbox appears on the left side of the screen. You can move the toolbar by dragging its title bar. You can also expand the toolbar to a two column view by clicking on the double arrows at the top or the toolbar. Some tools in the toolbar have options that appear in the tool specific menu options bar. These include the tools that let you use type, select, paint, draw, sample, edit, move, annotate, and view images. Other tools in the toolbar allow you to change foreground/background colors, go to Adobe Online, work in different modes, and jump between Photoshop and Adobe applications. The tools are arranged in six major categories: 1. Selection Tools 2. Vector Editing Tools 3. Bitmapped Editing Tools 4. Navigation Tools 5. Color Selection Tools 6. Mode and Masking Tools You can view information about any tool by positioning the pointer over it. The name of the tool appears in a tool tip below the pointer. Also, go to the help menu for information about each tool. TO MOVE THE TOOLBOX: Drag the toolbox by its title bar. SELECTING TOOLS You select a tool by clicking its icon in the toolbox. A small black triangle to the right of a tool icon indicates a left click and hold menu of hidden tools. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 5

8 USING PALETTES Palettes help you monitor and modify images. You can display or hide them as you work. By default, they appear in stacked groups. TO SHOW AND HIDE A PALLET: Choose Window > Name of the Palette To make a palette appear at the front of its group, click the palette s tab to reposition it in the group. To move an entire palette group, drag its title bar. To display a palette menu, position the pointer on the triangle in the upper right corner of the palette, and hold down the mouse button. Doing this will display the options for each pallet. USING TOOL OPTIONS Most tools have their own set of options. The options will appear in a gray bar right beneath the menu bar when you select a tool to use. Depending on the tool selected, the appearance and available option choices change. Some Option settings are common to several tools (such as painting modes and opacity), and some are specific to one tool (such as the Auto Erase setting for the pencil tool). Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 6

9 USING POP-UP SLIDERS A number of palettes and dialog boxes contain settings that use pop-up sliders (for example, the Opacity option in the Layers palette). TO USE A POP-UP SLIDER: Position the pointer over the triangle next to the setting, hold down the mouse, and drag the slider or angle radius to the desired value. Click the triangle next to the setting to open the pop-up slider box, and drag the slider or angle radius to the desired value. Click outside the slider box or press Enter (Windows) or Return (Mac OS) to close the slider box. (To cancel changes, press Esc). Shortcuts: To increase or decrease values in 1% increments, press the Up or Down arrow key. To increase or decrease values in 10% increments, hold down Shift and press the Up or Down arrow key. USING THE CANVAS AREA Images can be brought to the canvas area in several ways. One can double-click the grey canvas area to bring up the image look-in menu for image selection. This option can also be done by using the menus with a File > Open command. New images can be created by a File > New command. USING THE STATUS BAR The status bar at the bottom left of an active image displays useful information such as the current magnification and file size of the active imageand brief instructions for using the active tool. USING ONLINE HELP Adobe Photoshop includes complete documentation in online help, including all of the information in the User Guide, plus a description of new features, keyboard shortcuts, and more. TO GET ONLINE HELP IN WINDOWS: Press F1 to display the Help Contents menu or choose Help Photoshop Help Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 7

10 TO VIEW ANOTHER PART OF AN IMAGE: Select the hand tool and drag in the image to move its view, or use the window scroll bars MAGNIFYING AND REDUCING THE VIEW You can magnify or reduce your view using various methods. The window s title bar displays the zoom percentage at all times. NOTE: The 100% view of an image displays an image based on the monitor resolution and the image resolution, not on the actual image dimensions. TO ZOOM IN: 1. Select the zoom tool. 2. Click the area you want to magnify. Each click magnifies the image to the next preset percentage, centering the display around the point you click. At the maximum magnification, the center of the zoom tool appears empty. Choose View > Zoom In to magnify to the next preset percentage. TO ZOOM OUT: 1. Select the zoom tool. 2. Hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) to activate the zoom-out tool. 3. Click the area of the image you want to reduce. Each click reduces the view to the previous preset percentage. Choose View > Zoom Out to reduce to the previous preset percentage. TO MAGNIFY BY DRAGGING: 1. Select the zoom tool. 2. Drag over the part of the image you want to magnify. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 8

11 3. The area inside the zoom marquee appears at the highest possible magnification. TO MAGNIFY OR REDUCE TO A SPECIFIED PERCENTAGE: Enter a percentage value in the zoom percentage box at the lower left of the program window (Windows) or image window (Mac OS), and press Enter (Windows) or Return (Mac OS) TO DISPLAY AN IMAGE AT 100%: 1. Double-click the zoom tool. Choose View > Actual Pixels. TO CHANGE THE VIEW TO FIT THE SCREEN: 1. Double-click the hand tool. Choose View > Fit on Screen. SETTING PREFERENCES Numerous program settings are stored in preferences files located in the Adobe Photoshop Settings folder inside the application folder. The settings stored in these files include general display options, separation setup information, calibration options, display options, tool options, ruler units, and options for exporting information from the Clipboard. Most of these options are set in dialog boxes that can be opened through the Preferences submenus in the File menu. Preference settings are saved each time you exit Adobe Photoshop. ACTIVITY: SELECTING CONTENT FROM AN IMAGE 1. Choose File. 2. Select Open and open the files titled Tour.psd, CD.psd, and Horn.psd (Tip use the control key on your keyboard to select multiple files). Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 9

12 First, you will make a simple selection from the CD image, then drag a selection from one file to another. 1. Click the title bar of the CD.psd window to activate it. 2. Hold down the mouse button on the rectangular marquee tool in the toolbox, and drag to the elliptical marquee tool. 3. Hold down the shift and alt keys on the keyboard, and place your cursor in the center of the CD image, then drag your mouse out to the corner of your image to release. 4. When the selection border matches the outside edge of the CD, release the mouse button and then release shift and alt keys. 5. Select the move tool in the toolbox. 6. Position it within the selection border of the CD. 7. Drag the CD onto the Tour.psd window. The CD is now part of that file. Now, you will resize the CD. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 10

13 1. Choose Edit. 2. Select Free Transform A bounding box will surround the CD. 3. Move the pointer onto one of the corner handles. Hold down shift key to constrain the image s proportions as you resize it. 4. Drag a corner handle inwards to shrink the CD to about ¾ of its current size. 5. Move the pointer outside of the bounding box near to on ofthe selection handles. Your mouse will change to a curved double arrow. 6. Drag clockwise to rotate the CD about 30 degrees. 7. Press enter (Windows) or Return (Mac) to apply the transformation to the CD. Next, you ll make a selection with the magic wand tool as seen below which selects areas based on how similar they are in color. The magic wand tool may be hidden under the quick selection tool. 1. Select the magic wand tool. 2. Click the title bar of the Horn.psd window to make it active. 3. Click the white background in the upper right corner of the image to select it. Notice that not all the white background was selected. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 11

14 4. Click on the Select drop-down menu. 5. Choose Similar to add the rest of the background to the selection. You ve selected everything except the horn. 6. Choose Select. 7. Click on Inverse. The Inverse command selects everything that wasn t selected in this case the horn. 8. Hold down Control (Windows) or Command (Mac), position the pointer within the selection marquee, and drag the horn onto the Tour.psd window (Holding down Control/Command temporarily changes the current tool to the move tool.). 9. Move the horn to the bottom left corner of the image. 10. Choose File. 11. Save As. Enter the filename Practice.psd and click Save. 12. Close or minimize the CD.psd and Horn.psd files. WORKING WITH LAYERS Photoshop lets you organize artwork on separate transparent layers, so that you can easily construct composite images and experiment with various effects. If the Layers palette is not visible on your screen, choose Window > Show Layers. Click the minimize/maximize box (Windows) or resize box (Mac) at the top of the Layers palette to expand the palette. Notice that this file has several layers, each named and with a thumbnail or miniature representation of the image on that layer. Photoshop automatically created separate layers for the CD image (Layer 1) and horn image (Layer 2) when you brought them into the Tour file. In addition, the background and the Notes layer were already in the file. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 12

15 SHOWING AND HIDING LAYERS From the Layers palette you can display or hide layers in the image. 1. Click the eye icon columns to the far left of the Notes layer to display the layer. 2. Then try clicking the eye icon for Layer 2 to hide the layer and again to redisplay it. By reording the layers, you can restack images in the artwork. 3. Drag Layer 2 (the horn layer) until it s between Layer 1 (the CD layer) and the background on the Layers palette. Release the mouse button to set Layer 2 in its new position. The horn now appears behind the CD in the artwork. 4. Click Layer 1 in the Layers palette to make it the active layer. The layer is highlighted and a paintbrush icon appears next to the layer thumbnail, indicating that your changes now will affect artwork only on that layer. 5. Select the move tool. 6. Drag the CD to the top right corner of the artwork. Because the CD is on its own layer, you can move it separately from artwork on other layers. LAYER MANIPULATION 1. Select Layer 1 in the Layers palette, and drag the opacity slider to 40%. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 13

16 You can now see other layers through the CD. 2. By specifying blending modes, you can determine how one layer interacts with another. 3. Choose Multiply from the mode menu at the top left of the Layers palette. Notice how the CD blends with the layers below it. ADDING A TEXT LAYE Now you re ready to create and manipulate some text. You will create the text with the type tool, which places the text on its own layer. You will then edit the text and apply special effects to its layer. 1. Select the type tool, and click our workin image in the upper right corner. 2. Go to the Type toolbar located right below the menu bar. 3. Click on the drop-down arrow next to the Font menu. Choose any font (we used Lucida Sans). 4. Next, click on the drop-down arrow next to the Formatting menu and choose a format (we used Bold). 5. Click on the drop-down arrow next to the Font Size and choose a size (we used 30-point). 6. Click on the right-alignment button. 7. Click in the color box and choose a color from the color picker (we used a dark blue). Click OK. 8. Click on the Palettes button and select the Character tab. Set the leading point size (we used 43-point leading). 9. Type MEZZO PIANO in two lines, then select PIANO and enter a larger point size in the Font Size box. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 14

17 10. Choose the Move tool and reposition MEZZO PIANO as needed. Now, look in the Layers palette. The text is automatically placed in the Layers palette on a new type layer marked with a T icon. LAYER EFFECTS You can enhance any layer by adding a shadow, glow, bevel, or emboss special effect from the program s assortment of layer effects. You can also apply a combination of layer effects to the same layer. Here, you ll apply the Drop Shadow, and Bevel, and Emboss layer effects to the text. 1. Make sure the MEZZO PIANO type layer is active in the Layers palette, then go to the Layer menu > Layer Style > Drop Shadow. In the dialog box, change the opacity to 50% and set the angle to 150 degrees. Click OK. 2. Now, go to the Layer menu again > Layer Style > Bevel and Emboss. In the Structure section of the dialog box, choose Inner Bevel for the Style. In the Shading section, change the opacity for both the Highlight and Shadow to 50%. Click OK. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 15

18 The Drop Shadow, Bevel, and Emboss effects are now applied to the type. Photoshop makes it easy to change text on a type layer and assures that any layer effects applied will automatically track changes made to the layer. You can see how this works by changing the wording of your text. 1. If the Type tool is no longer selected, select it again. Click and drag to highlight the word PIANO. Change it to FORTE. Notice how the layer effects are applied to the new word. 2. Choose File > Save. FILTERS To quickly add special effects to your artwork, you can choose from a wide variety of filters. In this section of the tutorial, you ll apply some filters to transform the background. 1. Click the Background layer in the Layers palette to activate it. NOTE: It may be easier to see the changes if you hide the other layers. 2. Choose Filter > Distort > Wave. In the dialog box, set the Number of Generators to 3, Maximum Wavelength to 350, Minimum Amplitude to 1, and Maximum Amplitude to 20. Click OK. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 16

19 NOTE: Each application of a given filter will have fields that can be adjusted to varying degrees. The values for this project best suited our design to produce the appearance of curved paper. 3. Choose Filter > Brush Strokes > Angled Strokes, and click OK to accept the default settings. ADDING COLOR WITH THE PAINTBRUSH TOOL With the Photoshop painting tools, you can add color to your artwork using preset swatches, colors you create, or colors you sample from existing art. Now, you ll paint part of the background using the paintbrush tool. 1. Choose the Paintbrush tool from the tool box. 2. Go to the Paintbrush toolbar and make sure the opacity of the Paintbrush is set to 100%. 3. Click on the drop-down arrow next to Brush in the Paintbrush Palette, and click the 35-pixel brush from the bottom row of the Brushes palette. Now, you ll paint arcs of four different colors over the bell of the French horn. The first color is white, which you ll select through the toolbox color selection box. This box sets the foreground color, the color you paint with, and the background color, the color used when you erase part of an image. The default colors are black for foreground and white for background. 1. Click the switch colors icon in the upper right corner of the color selection box to make the foreground color white. 2. Paint a white arc over the bell of the French horn. You can use the eyedropper tool to select additional colors by sampling (copying) them from artwork in the image. You ll use a keyboard shortcut to access the eyedropper when selecting colors for the next three arcs. 3. Hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac) to temporarily change from the paintbrush tool to the eyedropper tool. Then click a yellow note in the image. The foreground color in the color selection box switches to the same yellow as in the note, indicating that you can now paint with this color. 4. Release the alt/option key, change the opacity in the Options palette to 80%, and paint a yellow arc just above the first white arc. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 17

20 5. Now hold down alt/option, and click a red note to change the foreground color to red. Release the alt/option key, change the opacity in the options palette to 60%, and paint a red arc above the yellow arc. Repeat the process, but this time, sample the foreground color from a green note, change the opacity to 40%, and paint a green arc. USING THE HISTORY PALLETE Next, you ll use the History palette to remove the paint you just applied. The History palette records changes you make to the image and allows you to step back through recent changes. Using this palette, you can return to an earlier version of the image and continue working from that point. To display the History palette, choose Window > Show History. 1. Click Angled Strokes in the history list. The image reverts to the way it looked right after you applied the Angled Strokes filter. 2. You can now continue working from this version of the image. All changes past Angled Strokes will be deleted, and new changes will be recorded in their place. Next you ll try out a gradient fill to paint or blend between two colors on the background of the image. 1. Choose Window > Show Swatches, and click a blue swatch to set your foreground color. Then, choose the linear gradient tool from the toolbox. 2. In the Gradient Tool Options palette, choose Foreground to Transparent for the gradient, 30% for the opacity, and Multiply for the mode. 3. Drag the gradient tool from the top left to the bottom right corner of the background to set the beginning and end of the gradient. 4. Choose File > Save. COLOR CORRECTION Adobe Photoshop provides a full range of tools for retouching images, including dodge and burn tools, as well as features for adjusting color, tone, contrast, hue, and saturation. You ll use a few of these tools to do some basic color correction and editing on an image. 1. Click Layer 2 in the Layers palette to make it active. 2. To set the basic contrast and tonal range between the highlights and shadows in the horn, choose Image > Adjust > Levels. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 18

21 3. In the dialog box, select the Preview option and then drag the left and right triangles inward to where the first spikes of the dark and light ends of the histogram s color range begin. 4. Click OK to apply the changes and extend the tonal range of the image. Notice that the midtones in the horn are still not right; they need to be more red. To correct the color, you ll use the Color Balance command. 1. Choose Image > Adjust > Color Balance. A dialog box appears for adjusting the mixture of colors in the image. 2. Select the Preview option in the dialog box, drag the top slider away from Cyan toward Red, and click OK. The horn turns more red. Now you ll remove a scratch on the horn with the rubber stamp tool. This tool lets you sample part of an image and then paint with a copy of the sampled area. 1. Click on the rubber stamp tool to display its Options palette, and select the Aligned option. Then, choose a small feathered brush in the second row of the Brushes palette. 2. Place the rubber stamp tool over the horn next to the scratch. Hold down the Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac) key, and click to sample this area. Release the alt/option key. Then, drag the rubber stamp tool to paint over the scratch. 3. Choose File > Save As. SAVING If you choose File > Save As, you have the opportunity to choose the file format you want to save the image in. Currently, the image is still in.psd format and maintains each separate layer for the background, horn, cd, text, and notes. You can change the file format by clicking on the drop down arrow and highlighting a different format. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 19

22 If you change the file format to.jpeg, the layers will be compressed into just one layer and the file size will decrease. If you want to re-open the file to work on the individual layers once you have saved it as a.jpeg, you will not be able to do so because the layers have been compressed. Therefore, if you think you might want to go back and work on individual layers in the future, you should also save a copy in the.psd format which maintains each individual layer. When you save the image as a.jpeg, you have additional options to choose from. For image quality, the higher the quality, the larger the file size. For format options, baseline standard is the smallest file size and progressive is the largest file size. Progressive means that the image will scan in multiple times, filling in more detail with each successive scan. It looks like a window blind filling in details of the image. You can also choose how many scans you want it to take until all the details of the image are filled in. Photoshop: Getting Started with Photoshop 20

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