Chapter 2. The History and Development of Computers

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1 Chapter 2 The History and Development of Computers

2 Ancient Computing Devices Fingers Tally bones Sticks Stones cal Abacus years ago

3 John Napier 1617 Scotland Napier s Bones Square sticks with numbers written on Placed in frame Read across to get answer

4 Blaise Pascal France Numerical Wheel Calculator (Pascaline) Could only add

5 Germany Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz wheel-1673 Could add and multiply Leibniz

6 Benjamin Franklin Collected electrical charge Discovered that lightning is electrical charge Conducted many experiments with electricity Invented lightning rod

7 Joseph-Marie Jacquard France Loom improved method for weaving cloth-1804 Ancestor of the punched card First computer program

8 The Jacquard Loom

9 mq

10 Charles Babbage England Difference Engine processes input, processing, storage, output Later developed the Analytical Engine

11 The Difference Engine aniyvgewoi

12 Herman Hollerith United States census years to complete Tabulating Machine Used punched cards Finished in about 10 weeks Founded International Business Machine Company (IBM)

13 Automatic Card Reader

14 Early Punched Cards

15 The Age of Electricity

16 First Generation Electronic Computers Mechanical parts or vacuum tubes Magnetic drum storage Instructions specific for each task Machine language Performed basic arithmetic operations

17 Konrad Zuse Germany Built the Z1 in 1936 Operating speed of 1 Hz (today s computers are billions of times faster

18 Zuse s Early Computers Punched Tape The Z1-1936

19 The Enigma Germany-WWII Code translation Could code, decode, and create new codes thousands of times faster than a human Y2KdU&feature=related

20 Mark I Howard Aiken Harvard University 1943 Electromechanical relay switches Very noisy Used by the Navy for defense

21 Advantages Quieter Faster Disadvantages Hot Burn out Vacuum Tubes

22 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1943 Vacuum tubes Fixed programming Used until 1955 More arithmetic than entire human race up to that time Eniac

23 The Cold War Russia and United States Possibility of nuclear war Led to space race Satellite must have computer Problems Vacuum tubes Weight and size

24 Transistors Smaller size Second Generation Computers Assembly language - easier programming Stored programs COBOL, FORTRAN

25 Transistor Walter Brattain and John Bardeen Used silicone

26 IBM Computers Mainframe computers Stored data using punched cards

27 Punched cards Machine to produce cards

28 be.com/watch?v= UZVEp78b0XI

29 Computer mouse Douglas Englebart invents mouse

30 Third Generation Computers Integrated circuit Silicon chip Even smaller size Operating system - could run many different programs at once

31 Fourth Generation Computers 1971-Present Microchip Minicomputers User-friendly Personal computers Networking

32 Technology Marches On 1843-First telegraph 1877-Thomas Edison and phonograph 1885-Cathode Ray tube 1891-First motion picture 1936-Magnetic tape recording (Magnetophone) 1941-First regular TV broadcast

33 1954-Color TV 1956-Videotape recording (Ampex) 1960-coupler modem 1962-First video game Space Wars 1963-Mouse invented 1967-floppy disk 1968-Intel founded 1969-Invention of Graphical User Interface (GUI) 1970-ARPANET begun

34 1971-Microprocessor Intel Atari founded -Pong Bill Gates forms company - Traf-O-Data Micral - first microcomputer kit Bill Gates - BASIC Programming language Traf-O-Data name changed to Microsoft

35 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak form Apple Computers - Apple I kit Radio Shack TRS-80 computer Intel 8086 microprocessor Space Invaders game (Taito) Compuserve - games and bulletin boards 1979-Video laser disk /2 inch floppy disk 1980-Sony Walkman MS-DOS

36 IBM Datamaster - desktop computer 1982 Disney -Tron Apple IIe computer Macintosh computer Lisa first GUI IBM Portable PC First Compaq computers Gateway computers Windows Nintendo founded computers - 8 MHz

37 First Excel spreadsheet 1987 Microsoft Works First CD-ROM Hewlett Packard inkjet printer 1988-First Internet worm (virus) Windows QuickTime software - digital video Sound Blaster sound card Pixar - Disney computer animation Apple PowerBook laptop computer CD recordable drive 1993-Jurassic Park

38 Plug and play for PC s U.S. Robotics 28.8 Kbps modem ($329) 1994-Yahoo 1994-Iomega Zip drives First Pentium Pro chip (200 MHz) First DVD (Digital Video) Sony Playstation 1995-Windows Toy Story

39 Microsoft Internet Explorer 1996-Web TV 1996-Google 1996-Palm Pilot 1996-Intellimouse

40 (year you were born) 1997-Sub $1000 computers 1997-DVD 1997-Facebook.com 1998-Dancing baby Windows imac

41 1999 (1 year old) 1999-Office 2000 Blackberry

42 2000 (2 years old) 2000-Y2K 2000-Napster Windows ME

43 2001 (3 years old) Wikipedia Ipod Xbox Wireless technology e-books Windows XP Satellite radio

44 ebay 2002 (4 years old)

45 2003 (Kindergarten) itunes Hybrid car

46 2004 (First grade) MySpace Gmail World of Warcraft

47 2005 (Second grade) Google Maps YouTube Windows Vista Xbox 360

48 2006 (Third grade) Blu-ray Twitter Skype

49 2007 (Fourth grade) iphone Windows 2007

50 imac 2008 (Fifth grade)

51 2009 (Sixth grade) Bing Nook

52 ipad 2010 (Seventh grade)

53 2011 (Eighth grade) 3D TV and movies

54 Can t live without them!! Facebook Cell Phones/Texting MP3 Players and ipods DVD/Blu-ray player GPS (Global Positioning Systems) Video Gaming Systems

55 Fifth Generation Computers Present -??? Artificial intelligence Spoken word instructions Superconductor

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