HISTORY OF COMPUTING

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1 NAME: DATE: PERIOD: 01) Definition of computers: HISTORICAL DEVICES 02) How is the term Analog used when representing data? 03) Answer the questions for the two devices used prior to the invention of the computer. I. Abacus a) Where is it principally used today? b) Who used the the first abacus and when? c) How is the modern-day abacus constructed? d) How was the previous abacus used? e) Where does the word "calculus" come from and what does it mean f) What country is wrongly attributed with inventing the abacus II. Slide Rule a) When was it invented and where? b) Give a brief description of a slide rule and what is it primarily used for? 04) What type of power does the finger-powered National Accounting Machine which was the early digital computing machines work off of? 05) When were these computing machines built? 06) Who worked on an experimental electronic digital data-processing, involving a high-speed data store and when? in

2 HISTORICAL DEVICES (cont.) 07) Give the meaning for the acronym ENIAC a) b) Give the year it was completed. c) How many operations could it perform at one time - d) What was this invention used to help build? e) What was the primary function of the ENIAC? 08) Mark I a) What year was it invented? - b) Who invented this machine? - c) Describe this machine and its function? d) How much did it weigh? - e) How did it perform its functions? - f) Who was one of the primary woman programmers for the Mark? 09) Napier s Bones a) Define this historical device - 10) When was the Calculating clock invented? 11) Who created the Calculating clock invented? 12) What is the inventor s nationality & profession? 13) Define the Calculating clock?

3 HISTORICAL DEVICES (cont.) 14) Define the main function of mainframe computers 15) Name the two ways to interact w/ a mainframe and define the purpose for each A) PURPOSE: B) PURPOSE: 16) Who invented the Manchester Baby and when? in 17) What type of order code format does it use? 18) What did the Manchester Baby do for the 1 st time in history? 19) Give the word length size the Manchester Baby can store. 20) When the prototype was created how did it perform. 21) Give the minimum amount of words that the Main Random access memory store and how much is it extendable? 22) Give the computing speed of the Manchester Baby. 23) Give the meaning for BINAC

4 24) What year was the BINAC? 25) Who created the BINAC? HISTORY OF COMPUTING HISTORICAL DEVICES (cont.) 26) Give the meaning for EDSAC 27) What year was the EDSAC created? 28) Who created the EDSAC? 29) The EDSAC is performed its 1 st stored its and ran the 1 st 1 st 30) Give the meaning for IBM in the IBM ) When was the IBM 701 built? 32) What event landed IBM 701 a position in computer history? 33) Give the meaning for IAS in IAS computer 34) What year was the IAS computer built? 35) Where was the IAS computer built? 36) Who invented IAS computer? 37) What group of Computers became a strong influence on the IBM 701?

5 38) Give the meaning for SEAC HISTORY OF COMPUTING HISTORICAL DEVICES (cont.) 39) Who built the SEAC? a) Where? b) When? 40) Give the meaning for SWAC 41) Who invented SWAC? a) Where? b) When? 42) Give the meaning for UNIVAC 43) Where was the UNIVAC built? (a) What year was it build in? 44) Who invented Plankalkül language? 45) What does the language include? 46) Describe the style of assignment the language uses? 47) How computer arrays are best accessed? 48) The was the1 st computer to be available commercially in the U.S. & 1 st commercial computer w/ the ability to pick presidential winners. 49) Who invented the Whirlwind I? (a) What year was it built? (b) Where?

6 50) Who invented the Pascaline? (a) When? HISTORY OF COMPUTING HISTORICAL DEVICES (cont.) (b) What did the Pascaline mechanism use during that time period that people of today s society also use? Briefly describe the how the mechanism was used. 51) Other than the Euclid's 30-second proposition, name three other inventions by inventor of the Pascaline. a) b) c) 52) Who built the Universal Turing Machine? d) Where? (e) When? (f) Give a brief description 53) The Universal Turing Machine was considered the. 54) Name was the two intended reason for the creating the machine: (a) (b) 55) Give the meaning for ACE 56) When was a small pilot model of the ACE built? (a) Who first executed a program using it? (b) What was the operating speed of this small pilot model?

7 HISTORICAL DEVICES (cont.) *** True or False. If false, state what will make it true *** 57) This Pilot Model ACE was for some time the fastest computer in the world. 58) The Analytic Engine had 4 steam engines to run properly. 59) What was the general purpose of the Analytic Engine? 60) What is an Enigma machine? 61) How did this machine gain notoriety? 62) When did society start using it commercially? 63) When was it more famously used and who used it on? 64) Who invented logarithms? (a) When? 65) What is the magic ingredient to logarithm? Fill in the blank: (a) Its technology allows

8 HISTORICAL PEOPLE 66) Joseph-Marie Jaquard a) Name the 1 st programmable machine invented - b) What year was this machine invented - c) What purpose did it serve? 67) Charles Babbage (a) What computer was adopted from the Jaquard weaving loom? (b) Give a brief definition of Babbage proposed idea? (c) Name the two main parts of Babbage s Analytic Engine & it give its function 1) FUNCTION: 2) FUNCTION: (d) (e) In a modern computer these same parts are called the and the. Name the three developments designed by Babbage 1) DEFINED AS: 2) DEFINED AS: 3) DEFINED AS: f) What modern programming language did Babbage invented after Lovelace? g) Ada Lovelace was the daughter of

9 HISTORICAL PEOPLE (cont.) 68) Konrad Zuse a) Name the first programmable computer that was not tied to a specific function b) What year was this first programmable computer invented - c) Name the two specific functions that was not tied to computer *** OTHER 1 ST MAJOR COMPANY COMPUTERS *** 69) Give the name of the 1 st Apple. - 70) Who designed it? 71) What year was it invented? 72) What company created the first 100% IBM compatible computer? 73) What year was it released? 74) Give the name of the first IBM compatible computer. 75) What company created the first of many PDP computers? 76) What year was it released? 77) Give the name of the computer. 78) What company introduced the first computer called Turbo PC? 79) What year was it released? 80) Give the name of the 1 st general computer released by Hewlett Packard in ) Give the name and year of NEC s first computer? in 82) What was one of the 1 st companies to release a computer based on the MPC standard?

10 *** OTHER 1 ST MAJOR COMPANY COMPUTERS *** (Cont.) 83) What year did this company introduce the M2500 XL/2 & M4020 SX computers? 84) In 1954, what company introduces its 1 st computer? 85) What was the computer s name? ***************************** HISTORICAL VOCABULARY WORDS Match the following definitions to the following vocabulary words used. **************************************** A piece of stiff paper that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions A collection of identically typed data items distinguished by their indices A four-function (addition, subtraction, multiplication & division calculator A gear driven mechanism that consisted of a card reader that sensed the holes in the cards; it counted and used a large wall of dial indicators to display the results of the count. Mercury-filled tubes used in the EDVAC and ACE proposals for high-speed internal memory Another form of memory also known for its ability to hold sounds A type of memory that used in 1949 that became the dominant form of computer memory in the 1950s, and remained in use until the late 1970s. Any type of raw unorganized facts A storage method that uses several small hard disks in parallel to do the job of a larger disk A semiconductor wafer that contained thousands of tiny resistors, capacitors, and transistors are fabricated Information stored on magnetic tape or disk A type of integrated circuit that contains the entire central processing unit of a computer on a single chip A program that help prevent hackers that try to get into your computer system A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information A type of picture tube found in all electronic television sets up until the invention of the less bulky LCD screens An electro-mechanical typewriter A type of flat panel display commonly used in digital devices 86) Define punch card **************************************** 87) Define Stepped Reckoner

11 88) Define delay lines HISTORY OF COMPUTING 89) Define Acoustic memory: 90) Define Integrated Circuits: 91) Define Microprocessor: 92) Define Array: 93) Define Record: 94) Define Fall wall: 95) Define Vacuum Tubes: 96) Define Core Memory:

12 97) Define Cathode-Ray Tube: HISTORY OF COMPUTING 98) Define Liquid Crystal Display: 99) Define Hollerith desk: 100) Define Teletype 101) Define Data: 102) Give meaning for the acronym TRE 103) Give meaning for the acronym LCD 104) Give meaning for the acronym CRT 105) Give meaning for the acronym IC 106) Give meaning for the acronym RAID 107) Give the FUNCTIONALITY of RAID FUNCTIONALITY:

Computers in Engineering COMP 208. A Brief History. Mechanical Calculators. A Historic Perspective Michael A. Hawker

Computers in Engineering COMP 208 A Historic Perspective Michael A. Hawker Sept 4th, 2007 Computers in Engineering 1 A Brief History Abacus considered first mechanical computing device Used beads and rods