Microprocessors And Microcontroller

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Microprocessors And Microcontroller"

Griffin Terry
5 years ago
Views:

1 Microprocessors And Microcontroller Semester : 4 th, 5 th (TL, ES) Course Code : ES256, ES313 By: Dr. Attiya Baqai Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics, MUET.

2 Internal block diagram of CPU

3 Internal organisation of Computer

4 Architectures of Computers CISC RISC Emphasis on hardware Emphasis on software Includes multi- clock complex Single-clock, reduced instruction instructions only Memory to memory: LOAD and Register to register: LOAD and STORE incorporated in instructions STORE are independent instructions Small code sizes, high cycles per second Low cycles per second, large code sizes Spend more transistors on memory registers

5 Architectures of Computers

6 Difference; Microprocessor & Microcntroller General Purpose Micro processor Data BUS Address BUS RAM ROM Timer Serial COM Port IO Port Control BUS General Purpose Microprocessors CPU RAM ROM Serial Port Timer I/O Microcontrollers

7 Difference; Microprocessor & Microcntroller Difference Hardware Architecture Applications Instruction set

8 Applications Microcontroller Microcontrollers are found in small, minimum-component designs performing control oriented activities. microcontrollers are used to perform specialized single tasks. Microprocessor Microprocessors are suited to processing information in computer systems Microprocessors are which designed to be very general to perform any number of tasks (programs)

9 Hardware Architecture Microcontroller On chip circuitry of CPU, limited amount of RAM & ROM,I/O ports, timers, ADC, built in interrupt system etc. Small in size, occupy less space, cheap in price. Microcontrollers usually must have low-power requirements W Microprocessor Microprocessors do not have such devices on chip. Designer have to connect them externally for microprocessor based embedded system. bulkier and more expensive W for general purpose desktop CPUs.

10 Instruction set Microcontroller Microprocessor Microcontrollers have instructions to set and clear individual bits and perform other bit oriented operations. The instructions must be extremely compact with the majority implemented in a single byte. Microprocessor instruction sets are processing intensive implying they have powerful addressing modes with instructions for operations on large volume of data. Instructions operate on nibbles, bytes, words or even double words.

11 An Embedded system Uses a microprocessor (or microcontroller) to do one and only one task.

12 Technology for Embedded System Embedded systems are controlled by one or more main processing cores that are typically either Microcontrollers Microprocessors Digital Signal Processors (DSP) FPGA s

13 A short list of Embedded Systems Anti-lock brakes Auto-focus cameras Automatic teller machines Automatic toll systems Automatic transmission Avionic systems Battery chargers Camcorders Cell phones Cell-phone base stations Cordless phones Cruise control Video game consoles Digital cameras Disk drives Electronic card readers Electronic instruments Electronic toys/games Factory control Fax machines Fingerprint identifiers Home security systems Life-support systems Washers and dryers Modems MPEG decoders Network cards Network switches/routers On-board navigation Pagers Photocopiers Point-of-sale systems Portable video games Printers Satellite phones Scanners Smart ovens/dishwashers Speech recognizers Stereo systems Teleconferencing systems Televisions Temperature controllers Theft tracking systems TV set-top boxes VCR s, DVD players

14 Most common 8 bit Microcontrollers INTEL s 8051 Free Scale Semiconductor s (Motorola) 68HC08/68HC11 Atmel s AVR Zilog s Z8 Microchip Technology PIC 16X Phillips/ Signatics

15 Criteria for choosing a Microcontroller Must meet the task efficiently and cost effectively. The analysis may include: o Speed o Packaging o Power consumption o Amount of RAM and ROM on chip o Number of I/Os o Number of Timers o How easy is it to upgrade to higher performance and/or lower power consumption versions. o Cost per unit

16 Criteria for choosing a Microcontroller How easy it is to develop products around it. Key considerations include: o Availability of an assembler, debugger, o a code efficient C language compiler o emulator o technical support Should be readily available in needed quantities both now and in future.

17 AVR family Overview Classic AVR-e.g. AT90S2313, AT90S4433 Mega e.g. ATmega8, ATmega32, ATmega128 Tiny e.g. ATtiny13, ATtiny25 Special Purpose AVR-e.g. AT90PWM216,AT90USB1287

18 Classic AVR (AT90Sxxxx)

19 mega AVR (ATmegaxxxx)

20 Tiny AVR (ATtinyxxxx)

21 Special Purpose AVR

22 AVR IC Packages

23 AVR Part Numbers ATmega128 Atmel group Flash =128K ATtiny44 AT90S4433 Atmel Tiny group Flash =4K Atmel Classic group Flash =4K

24 Comparison of different microcontrollers

25 AVR On Chip ROM Size & Address Space

26 AVR s CPU PROGRAM ROM General Purpose Registers RAM EEPROM Timers Program Bus CPU Data Bus Data Bus address bus data bus control bus OSC Interrupt Unit Ports Other Peripherals I/O PINS

27 AVR CPU and Memory space Data Address Space $0000 $ $001F $ $005F $ $FFFF General Purpose Registers Standard I/O Registers General purpose RAM (SRAM) 8 bit R0 R1 R2... R31 TWBR TWSR... SPH SREG I/O Address $00 $01 $3E $3F ALU SREG: I T H S V N CPU Z PC Instruction decoder Instruction Register C R0 R1 R2 R15 R16 R17 R30 R31 registers

28 Data Memory with Extended I/O

29 Data Memory size

30 Thanks! Any questions?

Introduction to Embedded Systems. Jin-Soo Kim Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University

Introduction to Embedded Systems Jin-Soo Kim (jinsookim@skku.edu) Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University http://csl.skku.edu Embedded Systems Everywhere ICE3028: Embedded Systems Design (Spring