World Wide Web. West College Scotland Lecturer: Mark Gillan. Course Notes and Exercises. Page 1 of 20

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1 World Wide Web Course Notes and Exercises West College Scotland Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 1 of 20

2 Contents Internet Timeline Difference in terminology: Net v Web Web Addresses explained Web browser Visit 10 websites Google search A list of search engines Search exercises Boolean searching Example exercise Advanced search exercises Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 2 West College Scotland

3 Internet Timeline 1957 USSR launches Sputnik, the world s first satellite, in response USA forms Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) 1962 ARPA sponsors study on cooperative network of time sharing computers 1967 ARPANET first design plan published 1968 ARPA issue request for quotations to build Interface Messaging Processors (IMP s) with contract later signed 1969 First 4 nodes set up for ARPANET 1972 Ray Tomlinson modifies program for ARPANET. The at group agree the use of symbol for addresses 1973 Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn present basic Internet ideas. ARPA report shows 75% of all ARPANET traffic as . First international node hooked up USENET via ARPANET first established (newsgroup) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) established. NSFNET created and is the backbone for 56Kbps network. Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 3 West College Scotland

4 1987 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) established. Internet Relay Chat developed 1989 ARPANET decommissioned with more countries including UK joining NSFNET. Tim Berners-Lee of CERN develops a new technique for distributing data using hyperlinks and names it the World Wide Web 1990 The World becomes the first commercial internet service provider (ISP). More countries including Ireland and India join NSFNET. Archie is created, listing FTP sites Internet Society (ISOC) chartered in January. Over 1,000,000 hosts online Businesses and the media take notice of the internet. Web browser (Mosaic) takes shape online in April. The Web accounts for only 1% of online data transfers The World Wide Web becomes the second most used service on the internet (FTP File Transfer Protocol remains number one) 1995 The World Wide Web becomes the most used service through the internet. Netscape and Microsoft browser wars begin Nearly 20 million hosts online and 1.3 millions domains 1998 Google opens its first office 2006 Over 100 million web servers online Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 4 West College Scotland

5 Understanding the difference between terminology The Internet and World Wide Web Net : Web The Internet First conceived in late 1950 s after USSR launched their space program Originally DARPANET, within USA for military purposes Later became ARPANET and less military orientated with the network expanding into what we now know as the internet The Internet is a network of networked computers The Internet is the hardware with various communication types. Some of the first methods of communicating over the internet: Newsgroups, , Internet Relay Chat (IRC), File Transfer Protocol (FTP)... The web came much later in time! World Wide Web Idea came from Sir Tim Berners-Lee who worked at CERN in Switzerland, the organisation for particle research First web browsers arrive on the scene just after 1985 and really took off in the early 1990 s Relatively new communication method via the network (Internet) and incorporates various other communication methods World Wide Web is the ability to communicate multimedia computer files via software known as web browsers, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer World Wide Web is truly global Internet Explorer Web browser software Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 5 West College Scotland

6 A web address looks something like this: Let s look at this address a little closer: www bbc co uk World Wide Web Name of owner Type of Organisation Country Code The parts of the domain are separated with dots. These dots must be placed in the correct manner and everything must be totally accurate if you want to arrive at the correct destination. Other types of web addresses: www jameswatt ac uk World Wide Web Name of owner Type of Organisation Country Code In this instance the type of organisation is academic. Others could be:.com.org.net.gov.eu Commercial organisation, mainly USA Non profit making organisation General network domain around the world Governmental department website European organisation Some of the main country codes you might see:.au.nz.de.ie.ca Australia New Zealand Germany (Deutschland) Ireland Canada Don t confuse with address. An example of an address: janey@bbc.co.uk (Notice the use symbol and no www ) Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 6 West College Scotland

7 Starting out with a web browser Microsoft Internet Explorer is possibly the most widely used web browser. Let s get started. It s as easy as 1,2,3... by following these instructions: 1. Double click on Internet Explorer icon on your desktop (can also be located within programs). Look for the large blue e and wording Internet Explorer 2. Click once on the address bar (the current address will be then have a blue background, waiting to input of your intended destination) 3. Type the new address (must be typed exact) and hit your enter key on your keyboard or click the GO button at the right hand side of the Address Bar You will be taken to the new location, be patient (view the green bar at the bottom of the browser window as an indication of connection) Once the green fills the bar, your newly established connection to a web page should be displayed. To move to another URL / address, repeat steps 1,2 and 3 Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 7 West College Scotland

8 Visit 10 website addresses Website 1 What is the full address for Finnart Campus, including post code? Answer: Website 2 Detail the contact details for The Greenock Telegraph, including telephone number Answer: Website 3 What are the main news stories on this website? Answer: Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 8 West College Scotland

9 Website 4 What is the top business story? Answer: Website 5 Find out how many SNP and how many Labour MSP s are listed Answer: Website 6 What is the name of the photographer mentioned in this website? Answer: Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 9 West College Scotland

10 Website 7 Locate a photograph of Mel Gibson and state his date of birth below: Answer: Website 8 Within this website, search for Italian Language courses and note the web address Answer: Website 9 How much does the cheapest tumble dryer cost? Answer: Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 10 West College Scotland

11 Website 10 What is the cost for the framed print named Wemyss Bay Evening Surprise located in the Sunsets and Skies Gallery? Answer: Notice the added slashes within website 10 address, meaning subpages of a website. Now, discuss with other students and share any other web address you may have. Make notes from the discussion and any possible questions you would like to ask your lecturer: Make a note of any discussion you have with your lecturer: Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 11 West College Scotland

12 Google search When you do NOT know the web address, it is necessary to ask a search engine. One of the world s most used search engine is Google and in fact they are one of the largest companies in the world now. We navigate to: by clicking once in the address bar of the browser and typing the web address shown. This is the page we arrive at (note: Google sometimes shows different graphics for its logo but the layout has been the same for a few of years now) Google: By typing keywords into the bar underneath the Google logo and then clicking Google Search, we are provided with a list of possible web pages. An example is shown below of typing keywords for a search for web pages relevant to Greenock Morton Football Club The example shows how Google assists with keywords nowadays. Google has provided options within a drop down as the words are typed. The option for Greenock morton fc with 118,000 results could be clicked and a listing would be provided as shown on the next page of this document. You can search for anything. Spaces are allowed within fields of web pages, it is only the Address bar of a browser that should not contain spaces. Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 12 West College Scotland

13 Return listings on Google appears: Notice it shows 1-10 of about 127,000 for the keywords entered, with a scroll bar at the right hand side for scrolling down the page. At the bottom of the Google return page we are able to move onto of the total returns, as the example shows: Moving over the blue underlined text for each listing, provides us with a hyperlink to that particular web page. The mouse pointer changes to a hand when placed over a hyperlink. Clicking upon the hyperlink will take us there. Notice the address of a hyperlink is shown at the bottom of the window. Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 13 West College Scotland

14 Search Engines: (meta search engine) (meta search engine) (meta search engine) (directory style search engine) (directory style search engine) Note: When you click on a link within a search return listing, the web browser will take you to that particular web page. If you wish to return to the search engine and the listing you had previously received, in other words, you wish to continue looking through the list...use your BACK button on the toolbar of your web browser Search exercises: 1. Search for something of interest to yourself What are you searching for? What search engine are you using? What keywords are you using? How many possible web pages are returned? How many did you visit? Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 14 West College Scotland

15 2. Search for Pontius Pilate s place of birth: ANSWER What are you searching for? What search engine are you using? What keywords are you using? How many possible web pages are returned? How many did you visit? 3. Search for the population of Norway: ANSWER What are you searching for? What search engine are you using? What keywords are you using? How many possible web pages are returned? How many did you visit? 4. Search for the King of Denmark s name: ANSWER What are you searching for? What search engine are you using? What keywords are you using? How many possible web pages are returned? How many did you visit? Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 15 West College Scotland

16 5. What language do they speak on Bornholm: ANSWER What are you searching for? What search engine are you using? What keywords are you using? How many possible web pages are returned? How many did you visit? 6. What is the full name of the fifth president of the USA: ANSWER What are you searching for? What search engine are you using? What keywords are you using? How many possible web pages are returned? How many did you visit? 7. What does https within a web browser mean? ANSWER What are you searching for? What search engine are you using? What keywords are you using? How many possible web pages are returned? How many did you visit? Now have fun searching for anything you want and make notes Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 16 West College Scotland

17 So much information how do we find it? Searching for specific information within web pages can be hard work, especially when the search engines tell you the results are 1-10 of about 150 million possible web pages! Using keywords, changing keywords, trying alternative search engines and recording search criteria can help. Another way of searching is more advanced but very useful. Boolean searching is based upon database theory (listings) within search engines and the great Irish mathematician George Boole. Hence the origins for the name Boolean searching technique and the fact it is advanced filtering of data within a database (search engine listings). Using phrases and operators, we are able to narrow down our search results. Basic searching is typing keywords into the search field on a search engine, for example: Free books from the Project Gutenberg This would return any web page containing these words, even something such as a web page with wording of: Free as a bird is an excellent title for a book I might write in the future but I have never written any books before, except from the one school project I remember, whereby I had to write about my teacher Mr Gutenberg. Typing the following into the search field on a search engine uses advanced search technique thanks to Mr Boole: Free Books AND Project Gutenberg This would return only web pages containing the exact phrases, with words within the phrases together and not split, narrowing down / filtering away all the pages mentioned above. Therefore, web pages within the return must have the phrase Free Books in conjunction with the phrase Project Gutenberg as opposed to individual words. The operator dictates BOTH phrases must be present. Other operators for Boolean searching include: OR, NOT, NEAR Try the exercise on the next page Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 17 West College Scotland

18 Example Exercise First of all, let s search for Scottish Paintings by a college lecturer who sells prints and donates part proceeds to charitable organisations on the basis of simple search criteria So the first search is using basic keywords such as: Scottish Paintings Using Google and going with the drop down assistance from Google, how many web pages are returned for the keywords of Scottish Paintings for Sale: Now, change the keywords to: Scottish Paintings College Lecturer Charities Make a note of the total returns for this new search and compare: Boolean Searching should now be employed. Try using: Scottish Paintings AND College Lecturer AND charities Example of text within the search field - Make a note of the total returns for this advanced search: Did you use the correct keywords and spelling? Was it worthwhile? Did you find exactly what you had been looking for? Do you think this would save time and effort for all searching needs? Would it be quicker looking at a refined / filtered list as opposed to thousands? If a search is narrowed down to a zero result, it is necessary to review the search criteria. Looking back at your search notes (it is advisable to make notes of your searching to avoid duplication of search of incorrect words) and attempt to see where it all went wrong, try something else. Change keywords and try another search engine, revert back to a previous search criteria as well as trying other methods of Boolean searching. So many ways of finding exactly what you are looking for, never again will you say This world wide web does not have much available and you can never find the information you are searching for Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 18 West College Scotland

19 Advanced Search Exercises Exercise 1 Search for: The website for professional photographer Mark Gillan Search Engine: Basic Keywords: Result (1-10 shown) out of how many: Boolean Keywords: Result (1-10 shown) out of how many: Exercise 2 Search for: Official Washington Redskins UK supporters club with photos Search Engine: Basic Keywords: Result (1-10 shown) out of how many: Boolean Keywords: Result (1-10 shown) out of how many: Exercise 3 Search for: Photograph of the Hadron Collider belonging to CERN in Switzerland Search Engine: Basic Keywords: Result (1-10 shown) out of how many: Boolean Keywords: Result (1-10 shown) out of how many: Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 19 West College Scotland

20 Exercise 4 Search for: James Watt, the Greenock inventor s photograph Search Engine: Basic Keywords: Result (1-10 shown) out of how many: Boolean Keywords: Result (1-10 shown) out of how many: Exercise 5 Search for: Jim Carrey place of birth and date of birth, as well as main films Search Engine: Basic Keywords: Result (1-10 shown) out of how many: Boolean Keywords: Result (1-10 shown) out of how many: Notes related to searching and additional search engines Lecturer: Mark Gillan Page 20 West College Scotland