Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II 289
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1 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 289 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II 1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig. 10.1: WhileCounter.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>Counter-Controlled Repetition</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 var counter = 1; // initialization while ( counter <= 7 ) { // repetition condition 12 document.writeln( "<P><FONT SIZE = '" + counter + 13 "'>HTML font size " + counter + "</FONT></P>" ); 14 ++counter; // increment 15 } 16 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 19 </HTML> Fig Counter-controlled repetition.
2 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 290 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 290 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig. 10.2: ForCounter.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>Counter-Controlled Repetition</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 // Initialization, repetition condition and incrementing 10 // are all included in the for structure header. 11 for ( var counter = 1; counter <= 7; ++counter ) 12 document.writeln( "<P><FONT SIZE = '" + counter + 13 "'>HTML font size " + counter + "</FONT></P>" ); 14 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 17 </HTML> Fig Counter-controlled repetition with the for structure.
3 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 291 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II 291 for keyword Control variable name Final value of control variable for which the condition is true for ( var counter = 1; counter <= 7; ++counter ) Initial value of control variable Increment of control variable Loop-continuation condition Fig Components of a typical for header.
4 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 292 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 292 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 Establish initial value of control variable var counter = 1 Determine if final value of control variable has been reached counter <= 7 false true document.writeln( "<P><FONT SIZE='" + counter + "'>HTML font size " + counter + "</FONT></P>"); Body of loop (this may be many statements) ++counter Increment the control variable Fig Flowcharting a typical for repetition structure.
5 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 293 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig. 10.5: Sum.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>Sum the Even Integers from 2 to 100</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 var sum = 0; for ( var number = 2; number <= 100; number += 2 ) 12 sum += number; document.writeln( "<BIG>The sum of the even integers " + 15 "from 2 to 100 is " + sum + "</BIG>" ); 16 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 19 </HTML> Fig Summation with for.
6 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 294 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 294 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig. 10.6: interest.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>Calculating Compound Interest</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 var amount, principal = , rate =.05; document.writeln( "<TABLE BORDER = '1' WIDTH = '100%'>" ); 12 document.writeln( "<TR><TD WIDTH = '100'><B>Year</B></TD>" ); 13 document.writeln( 14 "<TD><B>Amount on deposit</b></td></tr>" ); for ( var year = 1; year <= 10; ++year ) { 17 amount = principal * Math.pow( rate, year ); 18 document.writeln( "<TR><TD>" + year + "</TD><TD>" + 19 Math.round( amount * 100 ) / "</TD></TR>" ); 20 } document.writeln( "</TABLE>" ); 23 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 26 </HTML> Fig Calculating compound interest with for.
7 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 295 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig. 10.7: SwitchTest.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>Switching between HTML List Formats</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 var choice, // user s choice 10 starttag, // starting list item tag 11 endtag, // ending list item tag 12 validinput = true, // indicates if input is valid 13 listtype; // list type as a string choice = window.prompt( "Select a list style:\n" + 16 "1 (bullet), 2 (numbered), 3 (lettered)", "1" ); switch ( choice ) { 19 case "1": 20 starttag = "<UL>"; 21 endtag = "</UL>"; 22 listtype = "<H1>Bullet List</H1>" 23 break; 24 case "2": 25 starttag = "<OL>"; 26 endtag = "</OL>"; 27 listtype = "<H1>Ordered List: Numbered</H1>" 28 break; 29 case "3": 30 starttag = "<OL TYPE = 'A'>"; 31 endtag = "</OL>"; 32 listtype = "<H1>Ordered List: Lettered</H1>" 33 break; 34 default: 35 validinput = false; 36 } if ( validinput == true ) { 39 document.writeln( listtype + starttag ); for ( var i = 1; i <= 3; ++i ) 42 document.writeln( "<LI>List item " + i + "</LI>" ); document.writeln( endtag ); 45 } 46 else 47 document.writeln( "Invalid choice: " + choice ); 48 </SCRIPT> </HEAD> 51 <BODY> 52 <P>Click Refresh (or Reload) to run the script again</p> 53 </BODY> Fig An example using switch (part 1 of 3).
8 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 296 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 296 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter </HTML> Fig An example using switch (part 2 of 3).
9 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 297 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II 297 Fig An example using switch (part 3 of 3).
10 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 298 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 298 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 case a true case a action(s) break false true case b case b action(s) break false... true case z case z action(s) break false default action(s) Fig The switch multiple-selection structure.
11 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 299 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig. 10.9: DoWhileTest.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>Using the do/while Repetition Structure</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 var counter = 1; do { 12 document.writeln( "<H" + counter + ">This is an H" + 13 counter + " level head" + "</H" + counter + ">" ); counter; 16 } while ( counter <= 6 ); 17 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 20 </HTML> Fig Using the do/while repetition structure.
12 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 300 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 300 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 action(s) condition true false Fig Flowcharting the do/while repetition structure.
13 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 301 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig : BreakTest.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>Using the break Statement in a for Structure</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 for ( var count = 1; count <= 10; ++count ) { 10 if ( count == 5 ) 11 break; // break loop only if count == document.writeln( "Count is: " + count + "<BR>" ); 14 } document.writeln( "Broke out of loop at count = " + count ); 17 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 20 </HTML> Fig Using the break statement in a for structure.
14 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 302 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 302 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig : ContinueTest.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>Using the break Statement in a for Structure</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 for ( var count = 1; count <= 10; ++count ) { 10 if ( count == 5 ) 11 continue; // skip remaining code in loop 12 // only if count == document.writeln( "Count is: " + count + "<BR>" ); 15 } document.writeln( "Used continue to skip printing 5" ); 18 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 21 </HTML> Fig Using the continue statement in a for structure.
15 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 303 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig : BreakLabelTest.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>Using the break Statement with a Label</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 stop: { // labeled compound statement 10 for ( var row = 1; row <= 10; ++row ) { 11 for ( var column = 1; column <= 5 ; ++column ) { if ( row == 5 ) 14 break stop; // jump to end of stop block document.write( "* " ); 17 } document.writeln( "<BR>" ); 20 } // the following line is skipped 23 document.writeln( "This line should not print" ); 24 } document.writeln( "End of script" ); 27 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 30 </HTML> Fig Using a labeled break statement in a nested for structure.
16 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 304 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 304 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig : ContinueLabelTest.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>Using the continue Statement with a Label</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 nextrow: // target label of continue statement 10 for ( var row = 1; row <= 5; ++row ) { 11 document.writeln( "<BR>" ); for ( var column = 1; column <= 10; ++column ) { if ( column > row ) 16 continue nextrow; // next iteration of 17 // labeled loop document.write( "* " ); 20 } 21 } 22 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 25 </HTML> Fig Using a labeled continue statement in a nested for structure.
17 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 305 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II 305 expression1 expression2 expression1 && expression2 false false false false true false true false false true true true Fig Truth table for the && (logical AND) operator.
18 \ IW3HTP_10.fm Page 306 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 306 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 expression1 expression2 expression1 expression2 false false false false true true true false true true true true Fig Truth table for the (logical OR) operator.
19 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 307 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II 307 expression!expression false true true false Fig Truth table for operator! (logical negation).
20 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 308 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 308 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <HTML> 3 <!-- Fig : LogicalOperators.html --> 4 5 <HEAD> 6 <TITLE>Demonstrating the Logical Operators</TITLE> 7 8 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript"> 9 document.writeln( "<TABLE BORDER = '1' WIDTH = '100%'>" ); document.writeln( 12 "<TR><TD WIDTH = '25%'>Logical AND (&&)</TD>" + 13 "<TD>false && false: " + ( false && false ) + 14 "<BR>false && true: " + ( false && true ) + 15 "<BR>true && false: " + ( true && false ) + 16 "<BR>true && true: " + ( true && true ) + "</TD>" ); document.writeln( 19 "<TR><TD WIDTH = '25%'>Logical OR ( )</TD>" + 20 "<TD>false false: " + ( false false ) + 21 "<BR>false true: " + ( false true ) + 22 "<BR>true false: " + ( true false ) + 23 "<BR>true true: " + ( true true ) + "</TD>" ); document.writeln( 26 "<TR><TD WIDTH = '25%'>Logical NOT (!)</TD>" + 27 "<TD>!false: " + (!false ) + 28 "<BR>!true: " + (!true ) + "</TD>" ); document.writeln( "</TABLE>" ); 31 </SCRIPT> </HEAD><BODY></BODY> 34 </HTML> Fig Demonstrating the logical operators (part 1 of 2).
21 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 309 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II 309 Fig Demonstrating the logical operators (part 2 of 2).
22 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 310 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 310 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 Operators Associativity Type () left to right parentheses ++ --! right to left unary * / % left to right multiplicative + - left to right additive < <= > >= left to right relational ==!= left to right equality && left to right logical AND left to right logical OR?: right to left conditional = += -= *= /= %= right to left assignment Fig Precedence and associativity of the operators discussed so far.
23 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 311 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II 311 Sequence Selection Repetition while structure if/else structure (double selection) if structure (single selection) T T F T F F do/while structure switch structure (multiple selection) break T T F break T F for structure F... T break T F F Fig JavaScript s single-entry/single-exit sequence, selection and repetition structures.
24 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 312 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 312 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 Rules for Forming Structured Programs 1) Begin with the simplest flowchart (Fig ). 2) Any rectangle (action) can be replaced by two rectangles (actions) in sequence. 3) Any rectangle (action) can be replaced by any control structure (sequence, if, if/else, switch, while, do/while or for). 4) Rules 2 and 3 may be applied as often as you like and in any order. Fig Rules for forming structured programs.
25 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 313 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II 313 Fig The simplest flowchart.
26 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 314 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 314 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 Rule 2 Rule 2 Rule 2... Fig Repeatedly applying rule 2 of Fig to the simplest flowchart.
27 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 315 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II 315 Rule 3 Rule 3 Rule 3 Fig Applying rule 3 of Fig to the simplest flowchart.
28 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 316 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM 316 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II Chapter 10 Stacked building blocks Nested building blocks Overlapping building blocks (Illegal in structured programs) Fig Stacked, nested and overlapped building blocks.
29 IW3HTP_10.fm Page 317 Thursday, April 13, :32 PM Chapter 10 JavaScript/JScript: Control Structures II 317 Fig An unstructured flowchart.
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