Class IX FIT Notes for Short Answer Questions

Transcription

1 1. Differentiate between OCR and OMR. Class IX FIT Notes for Short Answer Questions Ans. OCR stands for Optical Character Recognition which is used to read characters of special type font that are printed on conventional paper with conventional ink. On the other hand, OMR stands for Optical Mark Recognition which is used to transcribe marks that are marked with a dark pencil or ink on a special pre-printed form (e.g. answer sheet of a multiple choice question paper where a choice of answer can be reflected by shading the appropriate box). 2. Define the non-impact printers. Ans. These printers are much quieter than impact printers as their printing heads do not strike the paper. Most non-impact printers produce dot-matrix patterns. There is no mechanical contact between the paper and the print head. These printers are comparatively faster and produce high quality output. They can be used for printing text and graphics both in black, white and colored. 3. Distinguish between input unit and output unit. Ans. Distinguish between input unit and output unit are as follows: Input Unit Output Unit It accepts the data and instructions from outside. It accepts the result which produced by the computer. It converts the accepted instructions and data in It converts the results, which are in a coded computer acceptable form form to human readable form. It supplies the converted instructions and data to It supplies the converted results to the user. the computer system for further processing. 4. How to create a sub-folder within a folder? Ans. Steps to create a sub-folder within a folder Step 1: Open the existing folder. Step 2: Right click on a blank area. Step 3: Point to New and then click the Folder. Step 4: A new sub-folder icon will appear in Folder (By default name as New Folder) Step 5: Type the new name of sub-folder and press Enter. 5. Write the difference between copying and moving files/folders. Ans. Difference between copying and moving files/folders are as follows: Copying Copy a file/folder is to make a duplicate copy of the selected file/folder and place at the target location. Moving Move a file/folder is to transfer the original file from the original location to the target location. It can be done when the original folder is taken to a different file or folder than the original. It can be done when you drag a folder to a similar file or a folder. Class IX Foundation of Information Technology Page 1 of 5

2 6. State any two functions of operating system. Ans. Device management: In a computer system, there is a tremendous speed mismatch between the CPU and the I/O devices. The job of an operating system is to maintain a balance between the CPU and I/O devices. Apart from this, it has to maintain a balance between various I/O devices and has to keep the CPU busy in various processing. Processor Management: A process or a job is an application program in running state. Processor management is the important part of an OS, which enables the activities of planning, monitoring and performing a process. During execution, a process needs certain resources such as CPU time, memory space, files and I/O devices. 7. Differentiate between CUI and GUI. Ans. Differences between CUI and GUI are as follows: CUI CUI stands for Character User Interface. In CUI, user interacts with applications by making use of commands. Only one task can run at a time. A CUI will require less computer resources. Example: MS-DOS. GUI GUI stands for Graphical User Interface. In GUI, user interacts with applications by making use of graphics. More than one task can run simultaneously. A GUI will require a lot of more system resources because each element that needs to be loaded such as icons, fonts etc. Example: Windows. 8. Write short notes on LAN and WAN. Ans. LAN: A Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small geographical area like a home, office or small group of buildings such as buildings in a school. Computers connected to a LAN can share information and share peripherals equipment. WAN: A Wide Area Network (WAN) is used to connect LANs and other types of network together, so that users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in other locations. 9. Differentiate between the terms Internet and Intranet. Ans. Internet: Access by any individual with dial-up access. Information on Internet could be general, public and advertisement. Intranet: Access by only authorized employees. Information on Intranet could be specific, corporate and proprietary. 10. When the computer network uses telephone lines as communication channel then MODEM is used as a data communication device. Now, explain the working of MODEM. Ans. MODEM performs the task of Modulation at sender s site and DE-Modulation at the receiver s end. Basically, our computer generates data in the form of digital signals which needs to be forwarded to the receiver through telephone lines. Since, telephone lines can carry only analog signals. So digital signals need to be converted to analog signals at sender s site this is called modulation. At receiver s end again analog signals should be converted back to the original digital signals, then this is called demodulation. Class IX Foundation of Information Technology Page 2 of 5

3 11. What are the functions of an interpreter? Ans. Interpreter is very useful for debugging and suitable for novice programmer. This is a slow process and consumes less memory space. Some basic functions of an interpreter are as follows: Translates one instruction at a time. It checks the execution of the instructions line-by-line. 12. Distinguish between compiler and interpreters. Ans. Compiler Compiler takes entire program as input. Intermediate object code is generated. Conditional control statements execute faster. Memory requirement is more (since, object code is generated). Errors are displayed after entire program is checked. e.g. Compiler in C language. Interpreter Interpreter takes single instruction as input. No intermediate object code is generated. Conditional control statements execute slower. Memory requirement is less. Errors are displayed for every instruction interpreted. e.g. Interpreter in Basic language. 13. Name the types of software with examples for each. Ans. There are two types of software, i.e. system software and application software. Language processors (interpreters, compilers and assemblers), operating systems etc., are the examples of system software. Whereas, payroll system, accounting software etc., are the examples of an application software. 14. Why is multimedia necessary? Ans. Multimedia is necessary because it is a very effective presentation tool. When the various elements of multimedia like pictures, animations, sound, video clips are linked together, then these can enhance the thought process of the human brain. 15. For the creation of multimedia on the PC, we need some softwares, what are they? Ans. Software requirements for multimedia are as follows: 1) Photoshop 2) Flash 3) Microsoft multimedia technologies 16. What is the use of World Wide Web as a application of convergence? Ans. It is a system of Internet servers that supports hypertext and multimedia to access several Internet protocols on a single interface. It is a way of exchanging information between computers on Internet, try to tie all the information together into a vast collection of interactive multimedia resources. 17. Now-a-days, a mobile phone is used as an entertainment device, explain. Ans. Mobile phones can do much more than making calls and sending text messages. The fifth generation mobile phones include the advance power of technology as high-resolution video camera to obtain HD images/ videos, latest versions of audio and video players and also an operating system for better gaming experience. These types of mobiles are known as smartphones. So, it can say that a mobile phone is a fully loaded entertainment device. Class IX Foundation of Information Technology Page 3 of 5

4 18. An extended synonym for Information Technology is ICT. So, how ICT differs from IT? Ans. Differences between IT and ICT are as follows: IT ICT IT refers to an entire industry that uses ICT can be seen as an integration of IT with media computers, networking, software and other broadcasting technologies, audio/video equipment to manage information. processing and transmission and telephony. IT is a term widely used in the industry. ICT is widely used in the context of education. 19. List down some common usage of Information Technology. Ans. Common usage of IT includes information storage, data processing and statistical analysis, Word processing, accounting and financial forecasting, management information systems, communication, designing and the control and automation of manufacturing processes, computer programmers, computer sales etc. 20. IT security today has become a major point of concern. What comes under IT security? Ans. IT security is a term which is more concerned with the protection of hardware, software and a network of an organization, from the perils of disaster and external attacks through virus, hacking etc. 21. List the guidelines to avoid plagiarism. Ans. Follow the below given guidelines to avoid plagiarism: 1. To avoid plagiarism, instead of copying the language of the book as it is, try to put it in your own language/words. 2. One should have a clear understanding of plagiarism and its consequences, so that no one can perform it unintentionally. 3. If copying someone else s work in our task, word for word, then do not forget enclosing it in quotes and also mention its source. 4. Another way is to credit the author has write which was useful for your task and not taking credit for it yourself. 22. Today people are less aware about software ethics and because of this unintentionally they are getting involved in illegal activities. Elaborate the term software ethics. Ans. Software enables us to accomplish many different tasks with computers. Unfortunately, for various reasons, some people justify making and using unauthorized copies of software. Software ethics refers to ensuring that the software being used is not pirated or unauthorized. This also includes that the software developers should be given a fair return for their work. 23. The individual s right to privacy deals mainly with information. What are the other things covered under this right? Ans. The right to privacy involves the decisions pertaining to questions like what information about one s self or one s associations must a person reveal to others, under what conditions and with what safeguards. What things can people keep to them and not be forced to reveal to others? 24. Internet can affect the privacy rights of a person. Comment. Ans. A person s Internet usage and transactions done by him/her online provides a large amounts of information which provides insight into that person s interests and other vital information about the person. Hacking or tracking of activities of some person without his/her knowledge have become prominent with the increase usage of Internet. Hence, a person with malicious intent can easily invade in some other person s privacy online. Class IX Foundation of Information Technology Page 4 of 5

5 25. Which three laws are formulated in order to stop software piracy? Ans. In order to stop software piracy, three types of laws are formulated as follows: 1. Copyright is an exclusive right of the developer or author, to protect their works which is granted by law. 2. Patent is the special power of monopoly granted by the law. The work cannot be used or reproduced without obtaining a license from patent holder. 3. Trademark is the registered word or text/logo depicting the identity of a product, work or company. 26. Intellectual property right means that the person who produces the information is the only one who can use that information. Now, explain the need of protecting intellectual property right. Ans. The intellectual property rights must be protected because protecting them: 1. Encourages individuals and business to create new software and new software applications, as well as improving existing applications. 2. Ensures new ideas and technologies are widely distributed. 3. Promotes investment in the national economy. 27. Using copyright, software piracy can be stopped. How? Ans. The copyright in the work of authorship immediately becomes the property of the author, who created the work. Only the author or those deriving their rights through the author, can rightfully claim copyright. 29. What is the difference between the Save and Save As option? Ans. Save means the file gets saved under its current name, in whatever folder it was saved before or in the default folder of that computer whereas Save As gives you the opportunity to save the file under a different name and in another folder. Save As allows you to name the updated version with a new name and at the same time preserving the old version. 30. What do you mean by ruler? Ans. Ruler appears on the top and on the left side of the document window. It allows to format the horizontal or vertical alignment of text in a document. Two types of rulers are available in MS-Word 2007 as follows: Horizontal ruler indicates the width of the document. Vertical ruler indicates the height of the document. 31. How are Header and Footer useful? Ans. Header and Footer are very useful for displaying the similar useful information on each slide. One can change the Header and Footer details at any time in the presentation. 32. Define the meaning of formula. Ans. Formula plays a major role in spreadsheet making. If we all needed to do is to put text and numbers in rows and columns, just about any Word processing program would fill the bill. Formula allows us to perform calculations using values from any cells to have the result appear in the formula cell. Class IX Foundation of Information Technology Page 5 of 5