03. Autodesk Revit & BIM Features

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1 Design + Computing 03. Autodesk Revit & BIM Features 3/19/2015 Digital Design I HOM3034 Spring 2015 Every Thursday 2:00 p.m. 5:50 pm Jin Kook Lee, Ph.D designit@hanyang.ac.kr Assistant Professor, Space & Design IT Lab. Department of Interior Architecture Design, Hanyang University

2 What to do today: 12 files submission: 7 jpg & 2 files & 2 rvt files Lecture: BIM-enabled building design approach using Revit 1. Lab Exercise 1: Wall Object Exterior and Interior wall in Revit and its property screen shot 2. Lab Exercise 2: Door & Window Object Door/Window in Revit and its property screen shot 3. Lab Exercise 3: Stair Object and others Components in Revit screen shot 4. Lab Exercise 4: Space Object Room in Revit and its property screen shot 5. Lab Exercise 5: Floor Object Floor in Revit and its property myname_le5_l5.rvt 6. Lab Exercise 6: Section view screen shot 7. Lab Exercise 7: Building Elevation How to create an entire building floors in elevation view screen shot 8. Lab Exercise 8: Editing each floor (Elaborated) myname_le7_che_bldg.rvt Preview: Various BIM Applications 9. Lab Exercise 9: Schedule Room schedule in Revit screen shot 10. Lab Exercise 10: Exporting Revit model Geometry models & IFC FBX file and IFC file from your CHE bldg. 11. Lab Exercise 11: My Revit Design Project your Revit file

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4 Review: Building Information Modeling Approach

5 Quotes in Architectural Design Architecture is the art of how to waste space. - Philip Johnson All architecture is shelter, all great architecture is the design of space that contains, cuddles, exalts, or stimulates the persons in that space. - Philip Johnson Architecture is music in space, as it were a frozen music - Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space. - Mies van der Rohe We design spaces! Do you?

6 Do you design lines or spaces? Do you design geometric shapes or building objects? What you design for? 1. Walls 2. Windows, doors 3. Ceiling, slab, column 4. Furniture, any design elements 5. Space, filled with all above What you really design in conventional CAD systems? (AutoCAD, 3dsMAX, etc) - Two parallel lines representing a wall - A series of lines representing the geometry of the bottom footprint of walls - A 900mm line and an arc that representing a door - A 900 X 1800 X 50 3d box object with a wood map, representing a table top - A series of geometric shapes representing your image of design Back to fundamentals: Why don t we design Space and Walls rather than line and polygons? This approach is already implemented in recently developed BIM tools. BIM tools are still the means of design, but totally different approach.

7 CAD evolves into BIM Not just evolving from 2d to 3d Rectangular Shape in a CAD model Evolve into BIM Space Object in a BIM model Office Labeled Polygon Label Text: Office Layer Label Text: Level 1 2D or 3D Dummy Geometry Space Object Instance contains information GUID (Globally Unique ID) Name: Office Zone Name: Leasing Spaces Space Number: 250 Floor, Spatial Topology NET Area, Height, Volume... Relations, Topology Data 3D Geometry Data Standard Names, Standard Area, Required Area Basic Rentable Area ANSI/BOMA Category Occupants Code Energy Zone Type Cost Estimate Data Security Information

8 Geometry-oriented approach Conventionally CAD systems only deal with geometry Because people believed that geometric shape is all about design, at that time. Geometry is important, but it is a subset of a design.

9 Building object-oriented approach Site 1 1..* Building 1..* 1 1..* Floor 1..* 1 1..* Space 1..* 0..* 0..* SpaceGroup 1 Interior Facilities Conceptual modeling of a building for both human and computer

10 Building Data Model: a bit more elaborated model Other Structural Element Foundation Slab Ceiling 0..* 0..* 0..* 0..* 1 Geometry Surface Material Structure Site 1 1..* Building 1 1..* Floor 1..* 1..* Any group or classification of spaces Roof Beam 0..* 0..* 1 1..* Space 1 1..* 0..* 0..* SpaceGroup Column 0..* Wall 0..* 1 0..* Opening Window Door Geometry Surface Material Interior Facilities 1 1..* 0..* One One or more Zero or more A B B contains A / A is super class of B A B B is made up of A (composition) Major building elements for interior design Dynamically Instantiatable Objects

11 IFC: an actual building data (information) model for computers IfcRoot IfcRelationship IfcPort IfcObjectDefinition IfcRelAssociates IfcAnnotation IfcObject IfcGroup IfcRelAssociatesClassification IfcElement IfcProduct IfcZone IfcClassificationReference IfcBuildingElement IfcSpatialStructureElement Space Groups IfcBeam IfcColumn IfcSlab IfcDoor 653 Entities Geometry Relation Properties IfcSite [1:n] IfcRelAggregates IfcBuilding [1:n] IfcRelAggregates IfcRamp IfcRoof IfcBuildingStorey [1:n] IfcRelAggregates IfcSpace IfcWall IfcWallStandardCase IfcBuildingBasementComponent IfcBuildingBasementPart

12 Data Modeling Example: Building Floor Space entity & their properties example Building Floor Space Geometry data int id String filename int numberof double area double totalnetarea double height double elevationheight double volume Site Site Floor[] Floor Geometry data int id String GUID String name double area double totalnetarea double height double elevationheight double volume Building Building Space[] Space Geometry data int id String GUID String name String number double area double height double volume int numberofdoor Building Building Floor Floor Floor firstfloor String buildingtype String designphase String version double buildinggrossarea double structuredparkingarea double meparea double skinarea double externalwallarea double biggestfloorarea int number Space[] adjacentspace Space[] directlyaccessiblespace double basicrsf String department String security String bomacategory BIM is the way we should go. It takes advantages of advanced computing technologies, and it enables us to focus on design itself, not computing.

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14 Solid Modeling in Revit

15 Basic 3d geometric modeling supported by Revit

16 Basic 3d geometric modeling supported by Revit

17 Basic 3d geometric modeling supported by Revit

18 Autodesk HomeStyler.com - A web-based parametric modeling tool (& Mobile-based) - Login using Google Account, and design your room

19 Autodesk HomeStyler

20 Autodesk HomeStyler

21 CAD vs. BIM - Export your design in.dwg, and.rvt in HomeStyler.com - Comparison between.dwg file and.rvt

22 File Save As: JPG, DWG, RVT HomeStyler Model is not a simple CAD but a simple BIM This is a Door object Not a rectangle geometry

23 AutoCAD DWG file Object: Polylines block Properties: Color, Layer, Linetype, Position X, Y, Z Revit RVT file Object: Double-Panel Door Properties: Sill height, Frame Type, Material, Finish, Head height

24 Traditional Communication in AEC-FM industry Programming: Bubble Diagram ABSTRACT 추상화 ( 抽象化 ) Sketch Your Design & idea Drafting by hand (1893) Architectural Symbols: Floor Plan, etc.

25 Let computers do this abstract, visualization, symbolization, etc. AutoCAD - This is a geometric line object - Only geometric properties - Computer does NOT know this is a Door - Only drawing & visualization - Any CAD tools can draw this wall, using Rhino, 3ds Max, SketchUP, even by this PowerPoint

26 Let computers do what we have done for new buildings Revit (BIM) - This is a door object - Door related properties - Computer does KNOW this is a Door - drawing & visualization are one of uses of this model - Only BIM authoring tools can draw this door. Not by general CAD tools for Jewelry, Textile, Machine, etc.

27 Conventional Design Computing Drafting Modeling Rendering Focusing on geometric shapes Let computers do what we have drawn Animation Visualizations

28 New direction of Design Computing: Information Modeling Focusing on information Let computers do what we have done

29 Difference between geometric drawing and information modeling Two representations are very close. Computationally, very different.

30 So, what is actual building design? Geometric Modeling e.g. 3ds Max Design Design Geometry-centered, some parametrics For editing: update vertex, edge, polygon Vertex (Point) Edge (Line) Face (Surface) Shell (Space) Parametric Modeling e.g. Revit Topology (Geometry) Part (Component, Family, Object) Design (could be a part of bigger design) Object-oriented modeling & design For editing: update information

31 Parametric Modeling in Revit

32 Parametric & Feature-based Modeling Features are defined to be parametric shapes associated with attributes such as intrinsic geometric parameters (length, width, depth etc.), position and orientation, geometric tolerances, material properties, and references to other features. Features also provide access to related production processes and resource models. Thus, features have a semantically higher level than primitive closed regular sets. Features are generally expected to form a basis for linking CAD with downstream manufacturing applications, and also for organizing databases for design data reuse.

33 Parametric Modeling Parametric modeling uses parameters to define a model (dimensions, for example). Examples of parameters are: dimensions used to create model features, material density, formulas to describe swept features, imported data (that describe a reference surface, for example). The parameter may be modified later, and the model will update to reflect the modification. Typically, there is a relationship between parts, assemblies, and drawings. A part consists of multiple features, and an assembly consists of multiple parts. Drawings can be made from either parts or assemblies. Related to parameters, but slightly different are Constraints. Constraints are relationships between entities that make up a particular shape. For a window, the sides might be defined as being parallel, and of the same length. Parametric modeling is obvious and intuitive. But for the first three decades of CAD this was not the case. Modification meant re-draw, or add a new cut or protrusion on top of old ones. Dimensions on engineering drawings were created, instead of shown. Parametric modeling is very powerful, but requires more skill in model creation. Parametric modeling also lends itself to data re-use. Refer to Wikipedia

34 History of computer-aided design is a history of understanding what is design The design is a drawing of the product e.g. Geometric drafting in 2D The design is a surface model of the product e.g. Geometric surface modeling in 3D This class The design is a 3D model of the product e.g. Solid modeling The design is an editable 3D model of the product e.g. Parametric modeling The design is the integrated representation of all the compositional, analytical and fabrication representations of the product (Geometry is just one part of the model) e.g. Product Data Modeling, Building Information Modeling H W D Parameters: H, W, D + Information Information Modeling

35 Non-uniform Design of Buildings

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37 Free-form 3d shapes Parametric Modeling (Parametric Design) Feature-based modeling (Section profile + Path = Sweeping, Blend sweep )

38 Non-uniform Design, Parametric Design, and BIM Inevitable trend in recent AEC-FM industry

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40 Case Study: Gansam Architects and Partners 신사동페이토빌딩, 해군안보전시관, 프라자호텔리모델링

41 Pheyto Building BIM-enabled various curtain panel designs Angled curtain wall mullions: parametric modeling required Constructible design, even in early phase of design

42 Republic of Korea Navy Design Competition model

43 Republic of Korea Navy: Design Process Maya (obj/iges file) Rhino (sat file) Revit Mass surface panel design by Revit: - Parametric modeling - Pre-fabricated exterior panels

44 Remodeling project: Plaza Hotel Before Under the construction After

45 Remodeling project: Plaza Hotel Remodeling Project + BIM Non-uniform exterior panel design using Parametric modeling process Each panel s geometry controlled by parametrics

46 Remodeling project: Plaza Hotel

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48 An early Pilot Project using BIM

49 Pilot Project using BIM Raleigh-Durham Training Building Jeremy Nicholas (2007) LRL In-House BIM USAR Projects

50 Generated Floor Plan

51 Exterior Wall

52 Columns and Foundation

53 Second Floor Girders

54 Second Floor Beams

55 First Floor Interior Elements

56 Mechanical Systems

57 Second Floor Interior Partitions

58 Roof Trusses

59 Exterior Entrances & Roof Finishes

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61 Review: Autodesk Revit, its BIM Approaches and its Use Scenarios for Interiors

62 Autodesk Revit 2014, as of 2014 (2015 will be released soon)

63 How to model a building in Autodesk Revit? Modeling walls, columns, doors, spaces, floors not points, lines, surfaces - But it doesn t mean Revit has no geometry editing tools. It still has powerful tools. Designing a building object, based on several pre-defined object families - System Family: pre-defined building objects in Revit - User Family (Custom Objects): any kind of user-defined building objects Each object s geometry is parametrically editable - A wall s width, height and thickness, NOT length of the lines All objects have related each other Parametric Constraints - E.g.: All walls in Level 1 have a constraint to the bottom of Level 2 We just implemented this on BIM tools, much smarter than OSNAP in AutoCAD

64 One of Lab Exercises - Modeling CHE building in Revit - Exporting into 3dsMAX (FBX format)

65 Project means a Revit project file Family is a basic unit of building design object in Revit Families are one of: System Family or Custom Family Users can create their own customized building design objects

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67 Load project template file / system family files If your Revit has missing Template or System Families, locate them as following: Setting Default Template in Metric units: Click left-top R icon Click Options File locations Default template file: C:\ProgramData\Autodesk\RVT 2014\Templates\US Metric\DefaultMetric.rte Setting and loading System Families via: C:\ProgramData\Autodesk\RVT 2014\Libraries\US Metric\ ~ a lot of system families *.rvt files are Revit Project files *.rte files are Revit Template files *.rfa files are Revit Family files

68 Revit interface basics 1. Start a command Clicking icons in Ribbon interface 2. Choose an option from the associated temporary tab Editing, modifying in an additional Ribbon tab 3. Do something in the model view window

69 Property Window The Type Properties dialog gives you access to the parameters associated with the element you ve selected.

70 Project Browser Like Windows Explorer Navigate information associated with current project

71 Revit Key Features Exporting building s geometry in DWG, DWF, FBX formats Exporting building information model in IFC format Interoperability Space-oriented building modeling: Mass Object, Space Object Extracting auto-generated 2d plans: Floor plans, elevations, sections, 3d views Modeling building objects & geometry in advanced Parametric Modeling techniques Supporting.NET based plugin development (well defined API) Supporting collaborative working environment (centralized Revit model, cloud-based) Supporting various visualization tools

72 Building mass modeling in Revit Modeling building mass object in Revit Turning into Revit building objects such as walls, floors, curtain walls

73 Space Object modeling in Revit One of most important object in Revit is Space object ( Room in Revit) No need to draw wall lines for creating spaces - Space object in BIM tools Auto-detecting Space Boundary using surrounding wall objects Space Objects can be modeled even without walls for the early concept design

74 Modeled and Rendered in Revit, using Mental Ray (Also compatible with 3ds MAX)

75 Modeled and Rendered in Revit, using Mental Ray (Also compatible with 3ds MAX)

76 Recommended: Use Revit & MAX for better photo-realistic rendering images Revit: MAX:

77 Rendered by Mental Ray on Revit Photo-realistic rendering

78 Rendered by Mental Ray on Revit Photo-realistic rendering

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81 Next Class Revit & BIM Lab Exercises: - Modeling and Rendering by Autodesk Revit