( scale invariance) [ 1,2 ],

Transcription

1 Geography and Geo - Information Science Vol. 20 No. 1 January 2004 ( ) : : ; ; ; : TU :A : (2004) :5 ] ( scale invariance) [ 1 2 ] : ] Berry [ 3 ] 1 [ 4 ] 1. 1 ( ) : [ 5-7 ] [ 7 ] ] (functionalists) 1998 D. Martin [ 9 ] [14 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] : ; : : ( ) E - mail : edu. cn

2 [ 15 ] : ] f (r) = ke - rπr 0 (3) [ 5 ( ) ] :r f ( r) ] k r :1) 20 ;2) 3 ( ) GDP 75 % 60 % ( ) (cent ral city) ( ) 1. 3 Martin km Πkm 2 P. D. Converse % [ 6 ] : d ij B i = (1) 1 + P j ΠP i :B i i j i (1) 1 GDP P i P j 75 % d ij ; 60 % 5316 % GDP F(r) = G M r b (2) : F (r) M r G b GDP 75 % 75 %

3 1 : 69 1 GDP (1999 ) Table 1 Comparison of the land area population GDP & labor force bet ween Hangzhou & its neighboring cities & counties(1999) (km 2 ) ( ) (Πkm 2 ) GDP( ) GDP ( %) ( ) ( %) : (2000) (1999) ; ( 1 %) GDP 60 % 50 %( ) GDP : ; GDP GDP :1) 60 % GDP 75 % ;2) GDP ;3) GDP 1 (1) km % ; 152 : % ( ) ; ( ) 60 % ( 1 ( 1) Fig. 1 The regional limits of Hangzhou MA (Scheme 1) ) ; 50 %60 % (2) 2 2 : 2 ( ) : (

4 b c max (B 1k ) = 61 Table 2 Villages and towns classif ied according to the proportion of non - agriculture labor force km max (B 2k ) = 50 km max (B 3k ) = 37 km 60 % (k = 1 2 3) 50 %60 % 3 (km) Table 3 The distances bet ween breaking - points and Hangzhou (a) (b) GDP(c) (d) B 11 (52) B 12 (60) B 13 (61) 86 B 21 (42) B 22 (50) B 23 (49) 74 B 31 (35) B 32 (35) B 33 (37) 50 : GDP (2000) ( 5) : (2000) (1999) ( ) [ 16 ] 50 %) 3040 km [17 ] 25 a (4) 2 (2) 4 : 2. 2 P(d) = e d (4) R 2 = d P(d) d km (4) d GDP 0 = 1Π = km km 2 3 d 0 = 1Π = B ij (3 km km 2 ) 4070 km i j = i j GDP

5 1 : 71 4 Table 4 The distances from Hangzhou to its suburb counties 3 and the share capacity in industry of the suburb counties 1) (km) ) :1). ( ) ;2) ( 3) Fig. 2 The distance - decay plot on the share capacity in industry of the suburb counties under the jurisdiction of Hangzhou ( ) 60 km km 2 ( 3 61 km ) : ; 2 3 (3)! : : (5) [1 ] BATTY M LON GL EY P. Fractal Cities : A Geometry of Form 5 3 (1999 ) Table 5 The component of the Hangzhou and Function [ M ]. London : Academic Press MA according to scheme 3 (1999) [2 ]. 60 % 60 % [J ] (2) : [3 ] BERRY B J L GOHEEN P J GOLDSTEIN H. Metropolitan Area Definition : A Re - evaluation of Concept and Statistical Prac2 tice [ M ]. Washington DC : US Bureau of the Census [ 4 ] BEN GU IGU I L CRAMANSKI D MARINOV M et al. When and where is a city fractal? [J ]. Environment and Planning B : Planning and Design (4) : [5 ]. [ M ]. : [ 6 ]. [ M ]. : ( 3) Fig. 3 The regional limits of Hangzhou MA (Scheme 3) : ( 1) km km ; km [ 7 ]. ( ) [J ] (2) :2-11. [8 ]. [ M ]. : [9 ]. [J ] (3) : [ 10 ]. [J ] (3) : [ 11 ]. [J ] (1) : [ 12 ]. [J ] (1) :

6 72 20 [13 ]. [ M ]. : dations of Urban and Regional Analysis[ M ]. Singapore : Pearson [ 14 ] MARTIN D. Automatic neighbourhood identification from popu2 lation surfaces [ J ]. tems (2) : Computers Environment and Urban Sys2 [15 ] WILSON A G. Complex Spatial Systems : The Modelling Foun2 Education Asia Pte Ltd [16 ]. [ M ]. : [ 17 ]. : [J ] (3) :6-12. The Determination of the Regional Limits of Metropol itan Area A Case Study of Hangzhou City J IAN G Shi - guo ( Depart ment of U rban and Regional Planning Peking U niversity Beijing China) Abstract : Former studies on the determination of the regional limits of metropolitan area are mainly based on the qualitative analysis which can be named as functionalists method. Using the breaking - point formula and the distance - decay effect the author devel2 ops a quantitative approach calledsimple computational method. Both methods are applied to determine the regional limits of Hang2 zhou Metropolitan Area and they arrive at similar results. In conclusion considering the relationship between Hangzhou and its neigh2 boring cities and counties and also the anxious demand of Hangzhou to develop into a MA in the future the author puts forward two schemes of the Hangzhou MA definition one for the near future need and one for a specified future date. The author also points out that the quantitative analysis can provide a theoretical basis for the qualitative analysis. Key words : metropolitan area ; function analysis ; breaking - point formula ; distance - decay effect ; Hangzhou City ( 42 ) ]. [ M ]. :[ 10 ]. (DSS) [ M ] : [ 9 ]. [M]. : [ 11 ]. [ M ]. : Research and Construction of GIS f or Field Archaeology L I An - bo 1 BI Shuo - ben 1 PEI An - ping 2 LV Guo - nian 1 ( 1. Jiangsu Provincial Key L ab. of Geographical Inf orm ation Sciences N anjing Norm al U niversity N anjing ; 2. Depart ment of Cultural Relic & M useum N anjing Norm al U niversity N anjing China) Abstract : Geographical Information System for Field Archaeology ( FA GIS) was designed for the digitalization of field archaeology and the protection of cultural heritage. Flexible design techniques were adopted in this research in order to satisfy different users. This system has four main modules i. e. data collecting mainly based on photogrammetry and data processing archaeology knowledge ob2 taining and management spatial decision support system ( SDSS) and the visualization and virtualization of archaeological environ2 ment. The methodological approach of the system is presented in this paper. Key words : field archaeology ; geographical information system ; flexible design ; spatial decision support system ( 53 ) [4 ] LINDSTROM P KOLLER D. Real - time continuous level of detail rendering of height fields[j ]. Siggraph 1996(8) : [ 5 ] DUCHAINEAU M. Roaming terrain :Real - time optimally adapting meshes [J ]. Proceedings of Conference on Visualization 1997(10) : [6 ]. [ 9 ]. [J ] (8) : [7 ]. [J ] (10) : ]. [J ] (7) : [J ] (6) : Study on the Real - Time LOD Algorithm f or Large Scale Terra in Walkthrough J IN Bao - xuan BIAN Fu - ling ( Research Center of S patial Inf ormation and Digital Engineering W uhan University W uhan China) Abstract : Large scale terrain walkthrough has been widely used in games simulation virtual reality etc. Based on existing terrain sim2 plification algorithm this paper proposes a method of view - dependant and bintree - based in a dynamic terrain block. This method can simplify the terrain effectively and implement the real - time walkthrough for large scale terrain. Key words : terrain walkthrough ;real - time terrain simplification ;level of detail ;bintree