GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH

Transcription

1 GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH Vol1 22, No1 2 Mar1, 2003 (, ) : GIS,,,,, (Cudgewa),,,,, : ; ; : P208 ; TP39119 : (2003) ,, [1 3 ],,,,,,,,,,,,,, GIS,,,,,,, : ; : : (CX10G2D ) ; (2000) : ( ),,,,, 30 ( ) or xgchen-

2 246 22,, [4, 5 ], [6 8 ], [9 13 ],, I [14 ], Immersion Interactivity Information intensity Intelligence I, ; I, ; I, ; I,,,,,,,?, [15 ] (Cudgewa),,,,,,,,,,,,, 2000, GIS Dr1 Ian Bishop Dr1 Ray Green, Rahim Hamid 2, ;,,, 211 SGI, 4 CPU, 256Mb, 50G, 242bit,, (SXGA),, GIS PC 212 1, IRIX (Silicon Graph2 ics) C, IRIS Performer OpenGL [16 ], Poetic Dimension ( Immersion Studio, Toronto ) PA [17 ], ArcView 312

3 2 : Fig11 Workflow of the research and development ArcGIS 810, Smart Image ERDAS, Photoshop 610, Advanced Visualizer, PA ArcView 312 ArcGIS 810 (ASCII DXF),, 3 Nvidia GeForce, 4, TCP/ IP,, [18 ] 213,, : 1) :, 2) :,, 3) : DEM, DEM 4) :,, 5) :, DEM, 6) :,, 3,,, [19 ] : 311 1) : DEM, 40km 40km, 1dgn, ArcView Shape, 2) :, ArcView Shape Arc View

4 248 22,,, 10m 3) :, 4),, 8km 9km 312 1) 1 Tab11 Components of basic environmental elements 2) DEM, GIS (ArcView ),,,, (x n, y n, z n ) 2 Tab12 Data structure for houses 3 Tab13 Data structure for vertices 1 V 1, V 2, V 3, V 4 2 V 1, V 4, V 8, V 5 V 1 x 1, y 1, z 1 V 2 x 2, y 2, z ) : ArcView, 10m 10m 50m 500m DEM,, ASCII (1asc), Alias2Wavefront (1obj) 2) : DEM, DEM, ArcView ASCII (1asc), 1obj 3) : DEM,, ArcView,, DEM, 4) :, 5) : 10m 1m, 1dxf Photoshop, 1rgba ( ),, 6) :, 1dxf 1obj, Photoshop

5 2 : PA ArcView ArcGIS,,,,,, 2a ( 1), 2b ; 3a, 3b 3a ; 4a, 4b 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [20 ],,, 411, : 1), ; 2), ;,, ; 3), 412 1) :, 63,,,,,, ( > 5km) (1 5km) ( < 1km) 2) a.,, 10,

6 250 22, ; b., ; c., /, ( ) ( ),,,,,,, 413,,,,, : 1) GIS,,,,, 2) (Cudgewa), 5b ( 1) ( 5a),,, 3),,,, a) ; b) ; c) GIS, 4),, 5 GIS, (Cudgewa),,,,,,,

7 2 : 251,, ;, ;, ;,,, : [ 1 ] :,19911 [ 2 ],, 1 1,2000,19 (4) : [ 3 ], 1 1 :,20001 [ 4 ] Gorayska B1 Of minds and men1 In : Advances in Psychology1Edited by Gorayska B and Mey J L1 North2Holland : Elsevier Sci2 ence B1V [ 5 ] Biocca F1 Intelligence augment : the vision inside virtual reality1 In : Advances in Psychology1 Edited by Gorayska B and Mey J L1 North2Holland : Elsevier Science B1V [ 6 ] Slocum T A, Blok C, Jiang B, et al1 Cognitive and usability issues in geo2visualization1 Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 2000, 28(1) 1 [ 7 ] Hedley N R1Virtual and augmented reality interfaces : empirical findings and implications for spatial visualization1 Proceedings of 20 th International Cartographic Conference, Beijing, China, 2001 (CD2ROM) 1 [ 8 ], 1 1 :,20011 [ 9 ] Bishop I D, Karadaglis C1Linking modelling and visualization for natural resources management1environment and Planning B : Planning and Design, 1997, 24 : [10 ] Batty M and Howes D1Visualizing urban development1 Geo Info Systems, 1996, 6 (9) :28 29, 321 [11 ],,, 1 1,2002,21(1) : [12 ] 1 1 :,19991 [13 ] 1 1,2002,31(1) :7 111 [14 ] MacEachren A M,Edsall R, Haug D, et al1 Exploring the potential of immersive virtual environments for geographic visualiza2 tion1 http :/ / www1geovista1psu1edu/ publications/ aag99vr/ fullpaper1htm, [15 ] Lange E, Bishop I D1 Our visual landscape1landscape and Urban Planning1Elsevier Science B1V1 2001, 54 (1 4) : 1 31 [16 ] Rolf J, Helman J1 IRIS Performer : a high performance multiprocessing toolkit for real time 3D graphics1 Proceedings of SIG2 GRAPH 94, Orlando, FL, ACM SIGGRAPH, [17 ] Bishop I D, Dave B1 Beyond the moving camera : system development for interactive immersive exploration of urban environ2 ments1proceedings for Computer in Urban Planning and Urban Management, Honolulu, USA,2001 (CD2ROM) 1 [18 ] Stock C, Bishop I D1 Immersive interactive exploration of changing landscapes1international Environmental Modeling and Software Society Conference, Lugano1June 24 27,20021 [19 ] Perrin L, Beauvais N, Puppo M1 Procedural landscape modeling with geographic information : the IMAGIS approach1landscape and Urban Planning, 2001, 54 (1 4) : [20 ] Lange E1 The limitation of realism : perception of virtual landscapes1 Landscape and Urban Planning, Elsevier Science B1V1 2001, 54 (1 4) :

8 Exploration on geo2environment simulation and cognitive verification : a case study at Cudge wa catchment in Victoria, Australia CHEN Xiao2gang ( Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing , China) Abstract :This paper introduces a preliminary stage of this development with Cudgewa catchment in Northeast of Victoria, Australia as a case area : the building of the 3D models from GIS data sets, con2 struction of different simulated environments, and a group survey of the cognitive verification of simu2 lated environments1 Our research development involves the following major phases : 1) creation of geo2database and texture library, 2) data processing, 3) 3D modeling, simulating and rendering, 4) interactive visual2 ization and 5) effective testing1 In the PC environment, ArcView 312 (and more recently ArcGIS 8) with multi2extensions is used for data format conversion, feature generation, two dimensional mapping and three2dimensional visual analysis1 Smart Image and ERDAS Orthobase have been used for aerial photo processing, registration and mosaicing, and Photoshop 610 for texture creation and image format conversion1 The real2time 3D system has been developed using Performer and OpenGL libraries under IRIX (Silicon Graphics) operating systems1immersion is provided by the use of three2screens and three projectors to give a 135 degree field of view1 Further, we have undertaken an acceptability of landscape simulation survey1 Subjects with various backgrounds were included at different stages of survey1 Presently, 63 undergraduate and grad2 uate students had responded1 They were exposed to pairs of static computer2simulated images and real digital photographs1 These showed different combinations of fore, middle and background vegetation, buildings and fences1 The major tasks were inclusive of collecting sufficient data on the understanding of simulation, the perception of scenic beauty and the degree of realism1 A series of questions about the identification of features and cognitive understanding and level of ease of interpretation of images were asked1 The difference of cognitive aspects will be identified and explained1as the tests develop, dynamic, interactive, semi2immersive simulated environment in fly or drive mode will be provided with different settings of parameters to test the effectiveness and acceptability of construction of virtual land2 scapes1 Key words :virtual environmental technology ; geographic environmental simulation ;geo2cognition

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