AutoCAD. Creating and Presenting 3D Models Autodesk Official Training Courseware A April 2007

Transcription

1 AutoCAD 2008 Creating and Presenting 3D Models Autodesk Official Training Courseware A April 2007

2 Copyright 2007 Autodesk, Inc. All rights reserved. Disclaimer This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose. AUTODESK, INC., MAKES NO WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING THESE MATERIALS, AND MAKES SUCH MATERIALS AVAILABLE SOLELY ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTODESK, INC., BE LIABLE TO ANYONE FOR SPECIAL, COLLATERAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF ACQUISITION OR USE OF THESE MATERIALS. THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY TO AUTODESK, INC., REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, SHALL NOT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE, IF ANY, OF THE MATERIALS DESCRIBED HEREIN. Autodesk, Inc., reserves the right to revise and improve its products as it sees fit. This publication describes the state of this product at the time of its publication, and may not reflect the product at all times in the future. Autodesk Trademarks The following are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the USA and other countries: 3DEC (design/logo), 3December, 3December.com, 3ds Max, ActiveShapes, Actrix, ADI, Alias, Alias (swirl design/logo), AliasStudio, Alias Wavefront (design/logo), ATC, AUGI, AutoCAD, AutoCAD Learning Assistance, AutoCAD LT, AutoCAD Simulator, AutoCAD SQL Extension, AutoCAD SQL Interface, Autodesk, Autodesk Envision, Autodesk Insight, Autodesk Intent, Autodesk Inventor, Autodesk Map, Autodesk MapGuide, Autodesk Streamline, AutoLISP, AutoSnap, AutoSketch, AutoTrack, Backdraft, Built with ObjectARX (logo), Burn, Buzzsaw, CAiCE, Can You Imagine, Character Studio, Cinestream, Civil 3D, Cleaner, Cleaner Central, ClearScale, Colour Warper, Combustion, Communication Specification, Constructware, Content Explorer, Create>what s>next> (design/logo), Dancing Baby (image), DesignCenter, Design Doctor, Designer s Toolkit, DesignKids, DesignProf, DesignServer, DesignStudio, Design Studio (design/ logo), Design Your World, Design Your World (design/logo), DWF, DWG, DWG (logo), DWG TrueConvert, DWG TrueView, DXF, EditDV, Education by Design, Extending the Design Team, FBX, Filmbox, FMDesktop, GDX Driver, Gmax, Heads-up Design, Heidi, HOOPS, HumanIK, i-drop, imout, Incinerator, IntroDV, Kaydara, Kaydara (design/logo), LocationLogic, Lustre, Maya, Mechanical Desktop, MotionBuilder, ObjectARX, ObjectDBX, Open Reality, PolarSnap, PortfolioWall, Powered with Autodesk Technology, Productstream, ProjectPoint, Reactor, RealDWG, Real-time Roto, Render Queue, Revit, Showcase, SketchBook, StudioTools, Topobase, Toxik, Visual, Visual Bridge, Visual Construction, Visual Drainage, Visual Hydro, Visual Landscape, Visual Roads, Visual Survey, Visual Syllabus, Visual Toolbox, Visual Tugboat, Visual LISP, Voice Reality, Volo, and Wiretap. Autodesk Canada Co. Trademarks The following are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk Canada Co. in the USA and/or Canada and other countries: Backburner, Discreet, Fire, Flame, Flint, Frost, Inferno, Multi-Master Editing, River, Smoke, Sparks, Stone, Wire. Third Party Trademarks All other brand names, product names, or trademarks belong to their respective holders. Third Party Software Credits and Attributions Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. ACIS Copyright Spatial Corp. Copyright The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved. This product includes software developed by the Apache Software Foundation ( subject to its license terms and conditions ( Typefaces from the Bitstream typeface library Copyright HLM Copyright D-Cubed Ltd HLM is a trademark of D-Cubed Ltd. AutoCAD 2008 and AutoCAD LT 2008 are produced under a license of data derived from DIC Color Guide from Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc. Copyright Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc. All rights reserved. DIC and DIC Color Guide are registered trademarks of Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc. Portions of this software are based on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. Active Delivery Inner Media, Inc. All rights reserved. ISYS and the ISYS logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of ISYS Search Software Inc. Copyright Sam Leffler. Copyright Silicon Graphics, Inc. Copyright Lingea s.r.o The New Features Workshop contains Macromedia Flash Player software by Macromedia, Inc. Copyright Macromedia, Inc. All rights reserved. Macromedia and Flash are registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States or other countries. Copyright Macrovision Corporation. All rights reserved. Copyright Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Copyright 2002 Joseph M. O Leary. PANTONE Colors displayed in the software application or in the user documentation may not match PANTONE-identified standards. Consult current PANTONE Color Publications for accurate color.

3 PANTONE and other Pantone, Inc. trademarks are the property of Pantone, Inc. Pantone, Inc., Pantone, Inc. is the copyright owner of color data and/or software which are licensed to Autodesk, Inc., to distribute for use only in combination with certain Autodesk software products. PANTONE Color Data and/or Software shall not be copied onto another disk or into memory unless as part of the execution of this Autodesk software product. Typefaces from Payne Loving Trust 1992, All rights reserved. RAL DESIGN RAL, Sankt Augustin, RAL CLASSIC RAL, Sankt Augustin, Representation of the RAL Colors is done with the approval of RAL Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung e.v. (RAL German Institute for Quality Assurance and Certification, re. Assoc.), D Sankt Augustin. This product includes code licensed from RSA Security, Inc. Some portions licensed from IBM are available at The Sentry Spelling-Checker Engine Copyright Wintertree Software, Inc. Portions of this product include one or more Boost libraries. Use of the Boost libraries is subject to its license agreement Government Use Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in FAR (Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights) and DFAR (Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software), as applicable. Published By: Autodesk, Inc. 111 Mclnnis Parkway San Rafael, CA 94903, USA

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5 Contents Introduction xi Chapter 1: 3D Modeling Lesson: Introduction to 3D Overview Types of 3D Models Navigating and Displaying 3D Models Orbiting Your 3D Model Changing the Model Display Setting Viewport Display Exercise: Interact with 3D Models Lesson: Creating Solid Primitives Overview About Solid Primitives Creating a Solid Box Creating a Solid Sphere Creating a Solid Cylinder Creating a Solid Cone Creating a Solid Wedge Creating a Solid Torus Creating a Solid Pyramid Exercise: Create Individual Solid Primitives Exercise: Create Solid Primitives v

6 Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles Overview About Models from 2D Profiles About the Right-Hand Rule of Rotation Choosing a Model Creation Method Creating a Model Using the Planar Surface Command Creating a Model Using the Polysolid Command Creating a Model Using the Extrude Command Creating a Model Using the Presspull Command Creating a Model Using the Revolve Command Creating a Helical Path Creating a Model Using the Sweep Command Creating a Model Using the Loft Command Exercises: Specific Commands and Model Types Exercise: Create Solid Models from 2D Profiles Exercise: Create Surface Models from 2D Profiles Exercise: Create Sweeps Exercise: Create Lofts Lesson: Creating Composite Solids Overview About Composite Solids Creating Solids Using Union Creating Solids Using Subtract Creating Solids Using Intersect Checking Interference Exercise: Create Composite Solids Mechanical Exercise: Create Composite Solids Architectural Lesson: Working in 3D Overview About the Cartesian Coordinate System Changing the Coordinate System Changing the UCS Icon Display Changing the Coordinate System Dynamically Acquiring Points in 3D Space Exercise: Work with the UCS Exercise: Use a Dynamic UCS Exercise: Use Dynamic Feedback Exercise: Track with Object Snaps in 3D Chapter Summary Chapter 2: Editing Models Lesson: Adding Detail to Your Solid Models Overview Filleting Solid Models Chamfering Solid Models Slicing a Solid Model Exercise: Create 3D Fillets and Chamfers Exercise: Slice a Solid Along a Plane Exercise: Slice a Solid with a Surface vi Contents

7 Lesson: Converting Objects Overview About Converting 2D Objects to Solids or Surfaces Converting to Surfaces Converting to Solids About Thickening Surfaces into Solids Thickening Surfaces to Solids Exercise: Convert Objects Lesson: Editing Solid Models Overview About Solid History and Editing Methods About Grip Editing Solid Models Extruding Faces Moving Faces Offsetting Faces Deleting Faces Rotating Faces Tapering Faces Creating a Shell Imprinting Edges Separating Solids Exercise: Edit Solid Models Lesson: Extracting Geometry from Solid Models Overview Copying Faces Copying Edges Extracting All Model Edges Exploding 3D Models Exercise: Extract Geometry from Solid Models Lesson: Changing the Model Position Overview Moving in 3D Aligning in 3D Rotating in 3D Exercise: Manipulate the Models Lesson: Duplicating the Model Overview Mirroring in 3D Arraying in 3D Exercise: Mirror Objects in 3D Exercise: Array Objects in 3D Exercise: Mirror and Array Objects Lesson: Getting Information from 3D Objects Overview Checking Solid Model Integrity Viewing Mass Properties Changing Face Color Changing Edge Color Exercise: Get Information from 3D Objects Summary Contents vii

8 Chapter 3: Sectioning a Model and Creating Drawings Lesson: Section a Solid Model and Generate 2D Geometry Overview About Flattened Views Displaying 2D Geometry from a Model View Creating Section Planes Manipulating Section Planes Generating 2D/3D Sections Exercise: Create Cross Sections and Slice Geometry Exercise: Flatten a View Exercise: Define Section Planes Exercise: Draw a Section Plane Lesson: Creating Drawings from 3D Models Overview Types of Views from 3D Models Shaded and Hidden Views Creating Views from Flatshots and Sectionplanes Exercise: Create Layouts of 3D Models Exercise: Create a Section Plane Layout View Chapter Summary Chapter 4: Visualization Lesson: Using Visual Styles Overview About Visual Styles Using the Visual Styles Manager Using the Visual Styles Control Panel Exporting Visual Styles Exercise: Use and Create Visual Styles Exercise: Apply Visual Styles to Layout Views Lesson: Using Lights Overview About Lighting Adding Lights to a Scene Editing Lights in a Scene Exercise: Work with Lights in a Scene Lesson: Using Materials Overview About Materials Working with Predefined Materials Creating and Editing Materials Exercise: Add Materials to Your Scene Lesson: Using the Sun Overview About the Sun About the Light Control Panel and Sun Settings Specifying Your Scene s Geographic Location About the Sun Properties Palette Exercise: Use the Sun viii Contents

9 Lesson: Rendering Overview About the Rendering Environment and Render Presets Rendering Views, Cropped Regions, and Selected Objects About the Render Window and Image Information Controlling Render Output Size and Format Advanced Rendering Exercise: Render a Scene Lesson: Navigating the Model Overview Walking and Flying Through a Model Recording an Animation Using Animation Paths Exercise: Walk Through a Model and Create a Path Animation Lesson: Using Cameras and Views Overview About Cameras Creating Cameras and Views Activating and Managing Camera Views Exercise: Create Camera Views Chapter Summary Appendix A: Additional Support and Resources Courseware from Autodesk Autodesk Services & Support Autodesk Subscription Autodesk Consulting Autodesk Partners Autodesk Authorized Training Centers Autodesk Certification Useful Links Contents ix

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11 Introduction Welcome to the AutoCAD 2008: Creating and Presenting 3D Models Autodesk Official Training Courseware (AOTC), a training course for use in Authorized Training Centers (ATC ) locations, corporate training settings, and other classroom settings. Although this courseware is designed for instructor-led courses, you can also use it for self-paced learning. The courseware encourages self-learning through the use of the AutoCAD Help system. This introduction covers the following topics: Course objectives Prerequisites Using this courseware CD contents Completing the exercises Installing the exercise data files from the CD Imperial and metric datasets Notes, tips, and warnings Feedback This courseware is complementary to the software documentation. For detailed explanations of features and functionality, refer to the Help in the software. Course Objectives After completing this course, you will be able to: Represent a design by creating solid primitives, solid or surface models from cross-sectional geometry, or composite models from multiple solid models. Complete a solid model design by adding the necessary features to detail, duplicate, and position 3D models. Convert 2D objects to 3D objects. Document a 3D design by creating 2D drawings for production and visualization. Communicate your design ideas using visual styles, lights, model walk-through tools, and renderings. xi

12 Prerequisites This course is designed for the AutoCAD user who possesses an introductory-level knowledge of AutoCAD or has been using AutoCAD for some time and understands the basics of working with AutoCAD. Terminology and instructions assume this level of experience when concepts, procedures, and exercises are discussed. It is recommended that you have a working knowledge of: Microsoft Windows 2000 or Microsoft Windows XP. The current or a previous release of AutoCAD. You should also know how to create and edit basic AutoCAD objects, and create and work with layouts. Using This Courseware The lessons are independent of each other. However, it is recommended that you complete these lessons in the order that they are presented unless you are familiar with the concepts and functionality described in those lessons. Each chapter contains: Lessons Usually two or more lessons in each chapter. Exercises Practical, real-world examples for you to practice using the functionality you have just learned. Each exercise contains step-by-step procedures and graphics to help you complete the exercise successfully. CD Contents The CD attached to the back cover of this book contains all the data and drawings you need to complete the exercises in this course. xii Introduction

13 Completing the Exercises You can complete the exercises by using the book or working online. Use the book Follow the step-by-step exercises in the book. Onscreen Click the AutoCAD 2008 Creating and Presenting 3D Models AOTC icon installed on your desktop from the CD, and follow the step-by-step exercises onscreen. The onscreen exercises are the same as those in the book. The onscreen version has the advantage that you can concentrate on the screen without having to glance down at your book. After launching the onscreen exercises, you might need to alter the size of your application window to align both windows. Installing the Exercise Data Files from the CD To install the data files for the exercises: 1. Insert the courseware CD. 2. When the setup wizard begins, follow the instructions on screen to install the data. 3. If the wizard does not start automatically, browse to the root directory of the CD and doubleclick Setup.exe. Unless you specify a different folder, the exercise files are installed in the following folder: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Autodesk Learning\AutoCAD 2008\ Creating and Presenting 3D Models After you install the data from the CD, this folder contains all the files necessary to complete each exercise in this course. Introduction xiii

14 Imperial and Metric Datasets In exercises that specify units of measurement, alternative files are provided as shown in the following example: Open i_stair_settings.dwg (imperial) or m_stair_settings.dwg (metric). In the exercise steps, the imperial value is followed by the metric value in parentheses as shown in the following example: For Length, enter 13'2" (4038 mm). For exercises with no specific units of measurement, files are provided as shown in the following example: Open c_stair_settings.dwg (common). In the exercise steps, the unitless value is specified as shown in the following example: For Length, enter 400. Some exercise may be provided with only a metric or imperial version. In those instances, you will be asked to enter the appropriate value, as described previously. Notes, Tips, and Warnings Throughout this courseware, notes, tips, and warnings are called out for special attention. Notes contain guidelines, constraints, and other explanatory information. Tips provide information to enhance your productivity. Warnings provide information about actions that might result in the loss of data, system failures, or other serious consequences. Feedback We always welcome feedback on Autodesk Official Training Courseware. After completing this course, if you have suggestions for improvements or if you want to report an error in the book or on the CD, please send your comments to AOTC.feedback@autodesk.com. xiv Introduction