CSE 165: 3D User Interaction

Transcription

1 CSE 165: 3D Use Inteaction Lectue #6: Selection Instucto: Jugen Schulze, Ph.D.

2 2 Announcements Homewok Assignment #2 Due Fiday, Januay 23 d at 1:00pm

3 3

4 4 Selection and Manipulation

5 5 Why ae Selection and Manipulation Impotant? Majo methods of inteaction with physical envionments vitual envionments Affect the quality of entie 3D inteface Design of 3D manipulation techniques is difficult

6 6 Selection vs. Manipulation Selection: specifying one o moe objects fom a set Manipulation: modifying object popeties (position, oientation, scale, shape, colo, textue, behavio, etc.)

7 7 Goals of Selection Indicate action on object Quey object Make object active Tavel to object location Set up manipulation

8 8 Selection Pefomance Vaiables affecting use pefomance Object distance fom use Object size Density of objects in aea Pesence of occluding objects

9 9 Canonical Paametes Selection distance and diection to taget taget size density of objects aound the taget numbe of tagets to be selected taget occlusion Manipulation Positioning distance/diection to initial position distance/diection to taget position tanslation distance equied pecision of positioning Rotation distance to taget initial oientation final oientation amount of otation

10 10 Input Device Paametes Numbe of contol dimensions Contol integation: how many DOF ae contolled simultaneously Foce vs. position contol (elative vs. absolute location) Fom facto: impact on accuacy Senso attached to hand Senso olled with finges

11 11 Technique Classification by Metapho Manipulation techniques Egocentic metapho Vitual pointe metapho Ray-casting Two-handed pointing Flashlight Image plane Diect manipulation Classical vitual hand Go-Go Hybid techniques HOMER Exocentic metapho Wold-in-miniatue Scaled-wold gab Hybid techniques Voodoo Dolls

12 12 Isomophic vs. Non-Isomophic View Isomophic Geometical on-to-one coespondence between hand motions in physical and vitual wolds Natual inteactions Non-Isomophic Magic vitual tools (lase beams, ubbe ams, etc.)

13 13 Ray-Casting Use points at objects with vitual ay Ray defines and visualizes pointing diection Fist intesected object is selected p( α) = h + α p h = 3D position of vitual hand p = ay attached to h 0 < α < detemined by fist object intesection

14 14 Two-Handed Pointing Ray casting with 2 hands Moe contol Distance between hands contols length Allows pointing at things behind othe things p( α) = h + α ( h 0 < α < is fixed h h l l = 3D position of = 3D position of h l ) left hand ight hand

15 15 Flashlight Soft selection technique Does not need pecision Conic selection volume Tip of cone in wand Cone diection detemined by wand diection Fixed cone size If multiple objects in cone Object close to cente line of cone is selected If multiple objects ae equally close to cente line: select object close to device

16 16 Selection by Dwell Time Use points at object with any technique Vitual pointe Eye gaze Action is tiggeed afte dwell time theshold is exceeded Woks without physical buttons

17 17 Vitual Hand Select and manipulate diectly with hand Hand epesented as 3D cuso Intesection between cuso and object indicates selection p p p v v = α p, R, R v, R = R = position and oientation of = position and oientation of α = fixed scaling facto v eal hand hand in VE

18 18 Go-Go By Poupyev, 1996 Am-extension technique Touch objects to select, like simple vitual hand Non-linea mapping between physical and vitual hand position Requies toso position v Local and distant egions v whee = length of R = length of R D, α ae constants if if D D = v F= ( F )( = ) = α+ ( α( D ) Dothewise ) whee = length of R = length of R v D, α ae constants v v

19 19 Wold-in-Miniatue (WIM) By Stoakley, 1995 Dollhouse wold held in use s hand Miniatue objects can be manipulated diectly Moving miniatue objects affects full-scale objects Can also be used fo navigation

20 20 HOMER Hand-Centeed Object Manipulation Extending Ray-Casting By Bowman/Hodges, 1997 Select: ay-casting Manipulate: hand-centeed Time 1.0 m 2.0 m 0.3 m 0.6 m toso physical hand toso physical hand

21 21 Image Plane Techniques Requie only 2 DOF Selection based on 2D pojections Use vitual image plane in font of use Dependent on head/eye position Faming Lifting Palms Head- Cushe Sticky Finge

22 22 Scaled-Wold Gab By Mine et al., 1997 Often used with occlusion At selection, scale wold down so that vitual hand touches selected object Use initially does not notice a change in the image, until head o hand is moved

23 23 Voodoo Dolls Piece et al Two-handed technique Builds upon image plane and WIM techniques Developed fo pinch gloves Requies finge pose tacking Ceates copies of objects (dolls) fo manipulation Non-dominant hand: stationay fame of efeence Dominant hand: defines position and oientation

24 24 Foced Pespective Museum of Simulation Technology X16c