Atrium Smoke Movement

Transcription

1 Atrium Smoke Movement 2015

2 Smoke Movement in Atrium Buildings In this example you will simulate smoke movement in an atrium with and without extraction fans. Some new concepts in this example include: More complex geometry. Using multiple meshes. Defining a fan activation control that uses input from multiple smoke detectors. Using extraction fans created with HVAC components. Figure 1: Velocity contours with fans. This tutorial demonstrates how to: Create the atrium geometry. Use multiple meshes with open boundaries. Define a Heat Release Rate fire. Create smoke detectors and a control. Define HVAC fans and vents that are activated by the control. Our simulation will replicate the model described by Chew and Liew, The geometry of the problem is shown in Figure 2.

3 There are two openings of 5 m by 5 m at the first level for air inlet, and eight powered extraction fans with discharge capacity of 20 m 3 /s, each located at the smoke reservoir. Each level has a 10 m by 60 m floor plate on both sides with the central opening forming the atrium and the smoke reservoir. The numerical experiment NA is a 5 storey atrium of 30 m high and NB is an 11 storey atrium of 60 m high. The fire source was modelled by defining heat flux at one designated location of the fire outbreak. Mobile stores were located in the atrium. The fire size was assumed to be 5 MW Figure 2: Geometry of atrium NA (image from Chew and Liew, 2000) We will make the following assumptions: The floor height is 6 m. The interior floor plates are INERT (fixed temperature). The exterior walls and floor are concrete 0.3 m thick. The roof is insulated (adiabatic). Throughout this example, the instructions will use the menu dialogs to input the data. This is done to provide a consistent description. However, PyroSim provides both drawing tools and shortcut toolbars that can speed many of these tasks. The user is encouraged to experiment with these alternate approaches to model creation. The FDS input file listing is provided at the end of this document. You can import this directly into PyroSim.

4 First Model No Smoke Extraction Fans Select SI Units To select SI units: 1. On the View menu, click Units and select SI to display values using the metric system. Name and Save the Model It is a good idea to save your model at the start. This will make it possible for you to save it at any time in the future and return to continue your work. 1. On the File menu, click Save. 2. Choose a location to save the model. Because FDS simulations generate many files and a large amount of data, it is a good idea to use a new folder for each simulation. For this example, we will create an Atrium folder and name the file atrium_no_fans.psm. 3. Click OK to save the model. Concrete Material To create the concrete walls and floor, we first create a concrete material. This defines the conductivity and other thermal properties of the concrete. 1. On the Model menu, click Edit Materials. 2. Click Add From Library. 3. From the list of materials in the Library, click CONCRETE and then click the left arrow (< ) to move concrete into the Current Model. Click Close to close the library. 4. Click OK to close the Edit Materials dialog. Concrete Surface The concrete surface will be used when we make the walls and floor. We will use a Layered surface so that thermal conduction into the surface will be included in the calculation. We will use a 0.3 m thick slab of concrete and has a back face boundary condition to ambient air (this is the default). To define the surface: 1. On the Model menu, click Edit Surfaces. 2. Under the surface list on the left side of the dialog, click New. 3. In the Surface Name box type Concrete. In the Surface Type list, click Layered. Click OK. 4. In the Material Layers tab, click on the first row and then click Edit. 5. In the Mass Fraction box type 1 and in the Material list, click CONCRETE. Click OK. 6. In the Thickness column, type Click OK to close the Edit Surfaces dialog.

5 Create the Model Geometry In building this model, we will include all exterior walls and simulate flow out of the building ends and above the building. We do this both because it makes the final visualization more realistic and because the ground and open space above the building can affect the flow. In parts of the model we will use a solution grid of 0.5 m, therefore the geometry is described at that level of resolution. This prevents thin walls or floors from snapping down to the mesh in regions where we use a finer (0.25 m) mesh. Floor First add the floor. The floor will be a vent with a concrete surface. As discussed in previous example, a vent in FDS has a general meaning of a boundary condition on a surface. In this case, the boundary condition is the floor. 1. On the Model menu, click New Vent. 2. In the Description box, type Floor. 3. In the Surface list, click Concrete. 4. Click the Geometry tab. 5. In the Min X box, type 0 and in the Max X box, type In the Min Y box, type 2 and in the Max Y box, type Click OK to create the vent. 8. On the View menu, click Reset View to All Objects (or press CTRL+R). Floor Plates Next create the floor plates. These will be dimensioned to meet the walls at the interior surfaces. The floor plates will use the default INERT surface, which means its temperature is fixed at the initial ambient condition (this is not an adiabatic surface). 1. On the Model menu, click New Obstruction. 2. In the Description box, type Floor Plate. 3. Click the Geometry tab. 4. In the Min X box, type 0 and in the Max X box, type In the Min Y box, type 0 and in the Max Y box, type In the Min Z box, type 6 and in the Max Z box, type Click OK to create the obstruction. 8. On the View menu, click Reset View to All Objects or press CNTRL R. Now we will copy this floor plate vertically. 1. Right click on the Floor Plate and click Copy/Move. 2. For Mode, select Copy and in the Number of Copies box, type In the Offset Z box, type Click OK to copy. 5. On the View menu, click Reset View to All Objects or press CNTRL R.

6 Now we will copy the four floor plates horizontally. 1. Holding the CNTRL key, click to select all four floor plates. 2. Right click on the selection and click Copy/Move. 3. For Mode, select Copy and in the Number of Copies box, type In the Offset X box, type Click OK to copy. 6. On the View menu, click Reset View to All Objects or press CNTRL R. Exterior Walls Now add the exterior walls. These will be obstructions with concrete surfaces. First the front wall. 1. On the Model menu, click New Obstruction. 2. In the Description box, type End Wall. 3. Click the Geometry tab. 4. In the Min X box, type 0 and in the Max X box, type In the Min Y box, type 59.5 and in the Max Y box, type In the Min Z box, type 0 and in the Max Z box, type Click the Surfaces tab. 8. In the Single list, click Concrete. 9. Click OK to create the obstruction. Now the front smoke reservoir at the top of the wall. 1. On the Model menu, click New Obstruction. 2. In the Description box, type End Reservoir. 3. Click the Geometry tab. 4. In the Min X box, type 10 and in the Max X box, type In the Min Y box, type 59.5 and in the Max Y box, type In the Min Z box, type 30 and in the Max Z box, type Click the Surfaces tab. 8. In the Single list, click Concrete. 9. Click OK to create the obstruction. Now the end door. Note that the boundaries of the hole extend past the wall to ensure the hole is properly cut in the FDS mesh. 1. On the Model menu, click New Hole. 2. In the Description box, type End Door. 3. Click the Geometry tab. 4. In the Min X box, type 12.5 and in the Max X box, type In the Min Y box, type 59 and in the Max Y box, type In the Min Z box, type 0.1 and in the Max Z box, type 5 (the small negative Z ensures that the hole will be properly cut in the FDS mesh boundary).

7 7. Click OK to create the hole. Copy the front wall, reservoir, and door to the back. 1. Press the CTRL key and click to select the End Wall, End Reservoir, and End Door. 2. Right click and click Copy/Move. 3. For Mode, select Copy and in the Number of Copies box, type In the Offset Y box, type Click OK to copy. At this point, your model should look like Figure 3. Figure 3: Model after adding floor, floor plates, and front and back walls. Now the right side wall. 1. On the Model menu, click New Obstruction. 2. In the Description box, type Side Wall. 3. Click the Geometry tab. 4. In the Min X box, type 29.5 and in the Max X box, type In the Min Y box, type 0 and in the Max Y box, type In the Min Z box, type 0 and in the Max Z box, type Click the Surfaces tab. 8. In the Single list, click Concrete. 9. Click OK to create the obstruction. Copy the right side wall. 1. Right click on the Right Side wall and click Copy/Move.

8 2. For Mode, select Copy and in the Number of Copies box, type In the Offset X box, type Click OK to copy. Roof We will use copy and edit functions to create the roof. 1. Press the CTRL key and click to select the two upper Floor Plates, Figure Right click on a selected floor plate and click Copy/Move. 3. For Mode, select Copy and in the Number of Copies box, type In the Offset Z box, type Click OK to copy. Figure 4: Two upper floor plates selected Edit the two roof panels. 1. Press the CTRL key and select the two newly copied obstructions, right click and click Properties. 2. In the Description box, type Roof. 3. Click the Surfaces tab. 4. In the Single list, click ADIABATIC. 5. Click OK to change the properties. Now add the roof panels that cover the smoke reservoir. Make three new obstructions with the dimensions shown in Table 1 and with adiabatic surfaces.

9 Table 1: Geometry of smoke reservoir panels Name Min X Max X Min Y Max Y Min Z Max Z Reservoir Reservoir Reservoir Press the CTRL key and select the +X Side Wall and Reservoir 2 wall, then right click and select Hide Objects. At this point, your model should look like Figure 5. Figure 5: After walls and roof have been added. In this figure, the right wall and right reservoir have been hidden. Define Fire Reaction We will first change the reaction to Propylene. This fire will produce less smoke than the default Polyurethane reaction. 1. On the Model menu, click Edit Reactions. 2. Under the reaction list on the left of the dialog, click Add From Library. 3. In the Library list, click PROPYLENE and then click the left arrow (< ) to move reaction into the Current Model. Click OK to set PROPYLENE as the active reaction. Click Close to close the library. 4. Click OK to close the Edit Reactions dialog.

10 Burner Surface The burner surface will define heat release rate to the simulation. We want a total heat release rate of 5 MW, which will be distributed over a 9 m 2 area. To define the surface: 1. On the Model menu, click Edit Surfaces. 2. Under the surface list on the left of the dialog, click New. 3. In the Surface Name box type Burner. In the Surface Type list, click Burner. Click OK. 4. In the Heat Release Rate Per Area box type (5000 kw HRR divided by 9 m 2 ). 5. Click OK to close the Edit Surfaces dialog. The fire will be defined on the top surface of a 3x3x0.5 m obstruction located under the lower floor plate. 1. On the Model menu, click New Obstruction. 2. In the Description box, type Burner. 3. Click the Geometry tab. 4. In the Min X box, type 20 and in the Max X box, type In the Min Y box, type 28.5 and in the Max Y box, type In the Min Z box, type 0 and in the Max Z box, type Click the Surfaces tab. 8. Select Multiple and in the Surface list for the Max Z face, click Burner (Figure 6). 9. Click OK to create the obstruction. Figure 6: Defining the top surface as a burner

11 Computational Mesh For this fire, D* is m. We will use a grid size of 0.25 at the fire location (~D*/7) and 0.50 m away from the fire. The easiest way to do this is to define two meshes that cover the entire model and then split the mesh around the fire. To create the mesh in the main building: 1. On the Model menu, click Edit Meshes 2. Click New and then click OK to create the new mesh. 3. In the Min X box, type 0 and in the Max X box, type In the Min Y box, type 2 and in the Max Y box, type In the Min Z box, type 0 and in the Max Z box, type In the X Cells box, type In the Y Cells box, type In the Z Cells box, type Click Apply to save changes to that mesh. Now we add the mesh that will represent the smoke reservoir and the exterior of the building above the reservoir. That will allow us to visualize the smoke leaving the building. 1. In the Edit Meshes dialog, click New and then click OK to create the new mesh. 2. Click OK to create the new mesh. 3. In the Min X box, type 10 and in the Max X box, type In the Min Y box, type 0 and in the Max Y box, type In the Min Z box, type 30 and in the Max Z box, type In the X Cells box, type In the Y Cells box, type In the Z Cells box, type Click OK to save changes and close the Edit Meshes dialog. We now have two meshes that could be used to solve the problem. The mesh that represents the building has cells and the mesh that represents the smoke reservoir has We will split the building mesh for two reasons: to more evenly distribute calculations between processors and to refine the mesh at the fire. To split the mesh we will use the Mesh Split tool: 1. Select Mesh01, the large room mesh, and then select the Split Mesh tool, Figure Drag the cursor along the lower edge of the mesh until it displays 27.0 m, then click, Figure Continue dragging the cursor along the lower edge of the mesh until it displays 33.0 m, then click. 4. Now, right click and select Finish. The original mesh is now split into three meshes.

12 Figure 7: Select the Split Mesh tool Figure 8: By moving cursor along edge, set the split mesh location, then click. The new middle mesh now includes the fire. To refine this mesh: 1. In the tree, select Mesh01 b (the middle mesh), right click and then select Properties. 2. In the X Cells box, type In the Y Cells box, type In the Z Cells box, type Click OK.

13 Add Open Vents on the Mesh Boundaries The default FDS assumption is that mesh boundaries are closed and with INERT surfaces. We will add OPEN vents to the mesh boundaries on the front, back, and top of the model. Front of Atrium To add OPEN vents to the front boundary. 1. In the Tree View, right click Mesh01 c (the front mesh) and click Open Mesh Boundaries, Figure 9. This will add seven OPEN vents to the model. 2. Edit the XMAX and XMIN vents and on the Geometry tab, in the MIN Y box type Delete the two OPEN vents over the roof. 4. Delete the ZMIN vent. There should now be four OPEN vents on the front of the building, Figure 10. Back of Atrium Repeat these steps to add OPEN vents to the back of the atrium (MESH01 a). Edit the XMAX and XMIN vents and on the Geometry tab, in the MAX Y box type 0. There should be four open vents at the back of the building. Figure 9: Open mesh boundaries

14 Figure 10: Open vents on front of atrium Top of Smoke Reservoir To add OPEN vents to the top of the smoke reservoir. 1. In the Tree View, right click Mesh02 (the smoke reservoir mesh) and click Open Mesh Boundaries. This will add six OPEN vents to the model. 2. Edit the side (XMAX and XMIN), back (YMIN), and front (YMAX) vents and on the Geometry tab, in the MIN Z box type 36. As shown in Figure 11, there should now be open vents on the front, back, and top of the model. Figure 11: Final OPEN vents on mesh boundaries

15 Add Detectors Detectors are used to detect the fire and can then be used as part of a control that initiates an action such as activating extraction fans. To define the detectors: 1. On the Devices menu, click New Smoke Detector. 2. In the Name box, type Smoke Detector. We will use the default Cleary Ionization detector. 3. In the Location boxes, type the X, Y, and Z coordinates as 25, 10, and 5.5. The detectors must not be on a surface, but free standing in the air. 4. Click OK to close the New Smoke Detector dialog. 5. Now right click the Smoke Detector and click Copy/Move. 6. Make 4 copies, each offset by 10 m in the Y direction. Slice Planes Slice planes are used to display 2D contours in the Smokeview display of the results. In this analysis, we will save temperature and velocity data for future plotting. To define the slice planes: 1. On the Output menu, click Slices. 2. Fill the table by entering the values in Table 2. You can click on the row number to select entire rows to copy and paste, speeding the entry. 3. Click OK to close the Animated Planar Slices dialog. Click the Show Slices tool to enable/disable display of the slices. Table 2. Slice plane data XYZ Plane Plane Value (m) Gas Phase Quantity Use Vector? X 15 Velocity YES X 15 Temperature NO X 15 Visibility NO Y 30 Velocity YES Y 30 Temperature NO Y 30 Visibility NO Specify Simulation Properties 1. On the FDS menu, click Simulation Parameters. 2. In the End Time box, type Click OK. Run the Simulation 1. On the File menu, click Save. 2. On the FDS menu, click Run FDS Parallel. Note that we can use parallel processing because we defined four meshes. 3. The FDS Simulation dialog will appear and display the progress of the simulation. The full analysis took about 8 hours on an i7 CPU.

16 4. During the analysis, it is a good idea to periodically run Smokeview just to ensure that the model input was correct. 5. When the simulation is complete, Smokeview will launch automatically and display a 3D image of the model. View Smoke and HRRPUA We use Smokeview to view the smoke and heat release rate per unit volume. 1. In the Smokeview window, right click to activate the menu. 2. In the menu, click Load/Unload > 3D Smoke > Soot Mass Fraction All meshes. 3. In the menu, click Load/Unload > 3D Smoke > HRRPUV All meshes The resulting distributions of smoke are shown at 100 and 300 s (the longer time was run for additional interest). Figure 12: Smoke in the atrium at 100 s.

17 Figure 13: Smoke in atrium at 300 s. View Slice Data We can use slice data to view output on planes. 1. In the Smokeview window, right click to activate the menu. 2. In the menu, click Load/Unload > Multi Vector Slices > Velocity > X=15.0. At around s, a flow pattern has been established with hot air flowing out the top of the vents and cold air flowing in the bottom of the vents, Figure 14.

18 Figure 14: Velocity slice display. Note outflow at top of door and inflow at bottom of door.

19 Second Model With Smoke Extraction Fans There are two approaches we could take in defining the smoke extraction fans. The simplest would be to create what PyroSim calls Exhaust vents and position them on the bottom surface at the top of the smoke reservoir. Then, the user can just specify the flow rate and connect the activation of the fans to the detectors, using controls. This is simple, but the smoke will just disappear from the model. It is much more visually interesting if we use HVAC fans that will display the smoke being extracted from the building. The following instructions describe HVAC fans. We must define a vent on the top and bottom of the smoke reservoir obstruction. Then, we will connect the two vents with two ducts in series: the first duct will have a fan and the second duct a damper. The damper is used to set flow through the duct to zero and will open when connected to the detectors through the controls. Save the Model 1. On the File menu, click Save As. Give the name as atrium_with_fans. 2. Click Save to save the model. Add Vents To add the 2x2 m vents: 1. On the Model menu, click New Vent. 2. In the Description box, type Extraction Bottom. 3. In the Surface list, click HVAC. 4. Click the Geometry tab. 5. In the Plane list, click Z and in the box, type (the small offset avoids flashing when rotating and the vent will snap to the grid during the solution). 6. In the Min X box, type 12 and in the Max X box, type In the Min Y box, type 5 and in the Max Y box, type Click OK then click OK again to accept the HVAC warning and create the vent. We repeat for the vent on the top surface of the obstruction: 1. On the Model menu, click New Vent. 2. In the Description box, type Extraction Top. 3. In the Surface list, click HVAC. 4. Click the Geometry tab. 5. In the Plane list, click Z and in the box, type (the small offset avoids flashing when rotating and the vent will snap to the grid during the solution). 6. In the Min X box, type 12 and in the Max X box, type In the Min Y box, type 5 and in the Max Y box, type Click OK then click OK again to accept the HVAC warning and create the vent. HVAC Fan This creates a fan that we can use in the HVAC ducts.

20 1. On the Model menu, click Edit HVAC 2. Click New and in the Type list, click Fan. In the Name box, type Smoke Fan. 3. Select Quadratic and in the Maximum Flow Rate box, type 16. In the Maximum Pressure box, type 1E4. 4. Click OK to close the Edit HVAC dialog. HVAC Nodes and Ducts Ducts connect the two vents. Ducts need two end nodes. One of the nodes will be a vent, but we need a node between the vents so that we can create two ducts in series. One duct will contain the fan and the other duct will contain the damper. First create the middle HVAC node: 1. On the Model menu, click New HVAC Node. 2. In the Description box, type Middle. 3. Click the Geometry tab and in the Location boxes, type the X, Y, and Z coordinates as 13, 6, and Click OK. Add the bottom and top HVAC nodes that correspond to the HVAC vents: 1. In the tree view, right click the Extraction Bottom vent. 2. Click Add HVAC Nodes. This will make a new HVAC node named Node In the tree view, right click on Node Click Rename. 5. Type in the name Extraction Bottom, and hit the Enter key. Repeat for the Extraction Top vent: 1. In the tree view, right click the Extraction Top vent. 2. Click Add HVAC Nodes. 3. In the tree view, right click on Node Click Rename. 5. Type in the name Extraction Top, and hit the Enter key. Now create the HVAC damper duct: 1. On the Model menu, click New HVAC Duct. 2. In the Description box, type Damper Duct. 3. In the Node 1 list, click Extraction Bottom. 4. In the Node 2 list, click Middle. 5. Select Non circular and in the Area box, type 4, in the Perimeter box, type Click the Flow Model tab. 6. In the Flow Device list, click Damper. 7. In the Activation list, click New.

21 8. In the Name box, type Fire Detector Control and click OK to create the control. 9. For Input Type, select Detector. 10. For Action to Perform, select Create/Activate. (Note: Sending a positive (TRUE) signal to a damper opens the damper.) 11. In the text description, click <nothing> and select all five smoke detectors, then click OK. 12. Click OK again to close the New Control dialog. 13. Click OK again to close the HVAC Duct Properties dialog. Now create the HVAC fan duct. This duct is in series with the damper. When the damper opens, flow driven by the fan will begin. 1. On the Model menu, click New HVAC Duct. 2. In the Description box, type Fan Duct. 3. In the Node 1 list, click Middle. 4. In the Node 2 list, click Extraction Top. 6. Select Non circular and in the Area box, type 4, in the Perimeter box, type Click the Flow Model tab. 6. In the Flow Device list, click Fan (not Basic Fan). 7. In the Fan list, click Smoke Fan. This selects the HVAC fan we created earlier. The fan will be <Always On> with flow controlled by the damper. 8. Click OK to close the HVAC Duct Properties dialog. Now we will copy these smoke extraction vents to make a row. 1. Holding the CTRL key, click on the Extraction Bottom vent, the Extraction Top vent, the Middle HVAC node, the Extraction Bottom HVAC node, the Extraction Top HVAC node, the Damper Duct, and the Fan Duct. 2. Right click the selected objects and click Copy/Move. 3. For Mode, select Copy and in the Number of Copies box, type In the Offset Y box, type Click OK to copy. Now we will copy the four extraction vents to a new row. 1. All the copied objects will be selected (alternately, select all copies of the vents, nodes, and ducts we just created). 2. Right click on the selection and click Copy/Move For Mode, select Copy and in the Number of Copies box, type In the Offset X box, type Click OK to copy. At this point, your model should look like Figure 15, with vents and fans located in the top of the roof.

22 Figure 15: Model after HVAC ducts and fans are added (labels have been toggled off, the Mesh Boundary Vents have been hidden, and the Reservoir 3 obstruction has been hidden) Save the Model 1. On the File menu, click Save. 2. Click Save to save the model. Run the Simulation 1. On the FDS menu, click Run FDS Parallel. Again, we use parallel processing for the four meshes. 2. The FDS Simulation dialog will appear and display the progress of the simulation. The full analysis took about 8 hours on an i7 CPU. 3. During the analysis, it is a good idea to periodically run Smokeview just to ensure that the model input was correct. 4. When the simulation is complete, Smokeview will launch automatically and display a 3D image of the model. View Smoke and HRRPUA We use Smokeview to view the smoke and heat release rate per unit volume. 1. In the Smokeview window, right click to activate the menu. 2. In the menu, click Load/Unload > 3D Smoke > Soot Mass Fraction All meshes. 3. In the menu, click Load/Unload > 3D Smoke > HRRPUV All meshes

23 Figure 16: Dense smoke in the atrium with smoke extraction fans at 300 s. Figure 17: Smoke in atrium with extraction fans at 500 s. The fire extinguished at 300 s. View Slice Data We can use slice data to view output on planes.

24 1. In the Smokeview window, right click to activate the menu. 2. In the menu, click Load/Unload > Multi Vector Slices > Velocity > X=15.0. At s, a flow pattern has been established with hot air flowing out the top of the vents and cold air flowing in the bottom of the vents, Figure 18. Figure 18: Velocity slice display showing fans extracting air at 150 s.

25 References FDS SMV Official Website. Fire Dynamics Simulator and Smokeview. Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA : National Institute of Standards and Technology. McGrattan, Kevin, et al Fire Dynamics Simulator Technical Reference Guide (Sixth Edition). Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, October NIST Special Publication McGrattan, Kevin, et al Fire Dynamics Simulator User's Guide (Sixth Edition). Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, October NIST Special Publication 1019.

26 Atrium Smoke Movement FDS Input File Following is a listing of the FDS input file. You can either save this as a text file and import into PyroSim, or you can: 1. Open PyroSim and on the File menu, click New. 2. Right click the POLYURETHANE_REAC reaction and delete. 3. Select and copy the entire listing below. Paste this into a text editor like NotePad or TextPad. Now you will need to edit the input file since some of the lines are long and have been wrapped to the next line. You will need to edit these lines so that they are on one line ending with a /. 4. Copy the edited text. 5. On the PyroSim Edit menu, click Paste. Click OK in the Change Active Reaction dialog. 6. Click the Reset tool. 7. Now save and run. Paste is great, but please work through the example. atrium_with_fans.fds Generated by PyroSim - Version Oct 14, :57:44 PM &HEAD CHID='atrium_with_fans'/ &TIME T_END=500.0/ &DUMP RENDER_FILE='atrium_with_fans.ge1', COLUMN_DUMP_LIMIT=.TRUE., DT_RESTART=300.0/ &MESH ID='Mesh01-a', IJK=60,58,60, XB=0.0,30.0,-2.0,27.0,0.0,30.0/ &MESH ID='Mesh01-b', IJK=120,24,120, XB=0.0,30.0,27.0,33.0,0.0,30.0/ &MESH ID='Mesh01-c', IJK=60,58,60, XB=0.0,30.0,33.0,62.0,0.0,30.0/ &MESH ID='Mesh02', IJK=20,120,40, XB=10.0,20.0,0.0,60.0,30.0,50.0/ &REAC ID='PROPYLENE', FYI='FM SNL FDS5 Validation', FUEL='REAC_FUEL', FORMULA='C3H6', SOOT_YIELD=0.02/ &PROP ID='Cleary Ionization I1', QUANTITY='CHAMBER OBSCURATION', ALPHA_E=2.5, BETA_E=-0.7, ALPHA_C=0.8, BETA_C=-0.9/ &DEVC ID='Smoke Detector', PROP_ID='Cleary Ionization I1', XYZ=25.0,10.0,5.5/ &DEVC ID='Smoke Detector01', PROP_ID='Cleary Ionization I1', XYZ=25.0,20.0,5.5/ &DEVC ID='Smoke Detector02', PROP_ID='Cleary Ionization I1', XYZ=25.0,30.0,5.5/ &DEVC ID='Smoke Detector03', PROP_ID='Cleary Ionization I1', XYZ=25.0,40.0,5.5/ &DEVC ID='Smoke Detector04', PROP_ID='Cleary Ionization I1', XYZ=25.0,50.0,5.5/

27 Atrium Smoke Movement &CTRL ID='Fire Detector Control', FUNCTION_TYPE='ALL', LATCH=.TRUE., INPUT_ID='or'/ &CTRL ID='or', FUNCTION_TYPE='ANY', LATCH=.FALSE., INPUT_ID='Smoke Detector','Smoke Detector01','Smoke Detector02','Smoke Detector03','Smoke Detector04'/ &MATL ID='CONCRETE', FYI='NBSIR ATF NIST Multi-Floor Validation', SPECIFIC_HEAT=1.04, CONDUCTIVITY=1.8, DENSITY=2280.0/ &SURF ID='Concrete', RGB=146,202,166, BACKING='VOID', MATL_ID(1,1)='CONCRETE', MATL_MASS_FRACTION(1,1)=1.0, THICKNESS(1)=0.3/ &SURF ID='ADIABATIC', COLOR='GRAY 80', ADIABATIC=.TRUE./ &SURF ID='Burner', COLOR='RED', HRRPUA=555.6, RAMP_Q='Burner_RAMP_Q'/ &RAMP ID='Burner_RAMP_Q', T=0.0, F=0.0/ &RAMP ID='Burner_RAMP_Q', T=1.0, F=1.0/ &RAMP ID='Burner_RAMP_Q', T=300.0, F=1.0/ &RAMP ID='Burner_RAMP_Q', T=301.0, F=0.0/ &RAMP ID='Burner_RAMP_Q', T=500.0, F=0.0/ &OBST XB=0.0,10.0,0.0,60.0,6.0,6.5, SURF_ID='INERT'/ Floor Plate &OBST XB=0.0,10.0,0.0,60.0,12.0,12.5, SURF_ID='INERT'/ Floor Plate &OBST XB=0.0,10.0,0.0,60.0,18.0,18.5, SURF_ID='INERT'/ Floor Plate &OBST XB=0.0,10.0,0.0,60.0,24.0,24.5, SURF_ID='INERT'/ Floor Plate &OBST XB=20.0,30.0,0.0,60.0,24.0,24.5, SURF_ID='INERT'/ Floor Plate &OBST XB=20.0,30.0,0.0,60.0,18.0,18.5, SURF_ID='INERT'/ Floor Plate &OBST XB=20.0,30.0,0.0,60.0,12.0,12.5, SURF_ID='INERT'/ Floor Plate &OBST XB=20.0,30.0,0.0,60.0,6.0,6.5, SURF_ID='INERT'/ Floor Plate &OBST XB=0.0,30.0,59.5,60.0,0.0,30.0, SURF_ID='Concrete'/ End Wall &OBST XB=10.0,20.0,59.5,60.0,30.0,36.0, SURF_ID='Concrete'/ End Reservoir &OBST XB=0.0,30.0,0.0,0.5,0.0,30.0, SURF_ID='Concrete'/ End Wall &OBST XB=10.0,20.0,0.0,0.5,30.0,36.0, SURF_ID='Concrete'/ End Reservoir &OBST XB=29.5,30.0,0.0,60.0,0.0,30.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE', SURF_ID='Concrete'/ Side Wall &OBST XB=0.0,0.5,0.0,60.0,0.0,30.0, SURF_ID='Concrete'/ Side Wall &OBST XB=20.0,30.0,0.0,60.0,29.5,30.0, SURF_ID='ADIABATIC'/ Roof &OBST XB=0.0,10.0,0.0,60.0,29.5,30.0, SURF_ID='ADIABATIC'/ Roof &OBST XB=10.0,10.5,0.0,60.0,29.5,36.0, SURF_ID='ADIABATIC'/ Reservoir 1 &OBST XB=19.5,20.0,0.0,60.0,29.5,36.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE', SURF_ID='ADIABATIC'/ Reservoir 2 &OBST XB=10.0,20.0,0.0,60.0,35.5,36.0, SURF_ID='ADIABATIC'/ Reservoir 3 &OBST XB=20.0,23.0,28.5,31.5,0.0,0.5, SURF_IDS='Burner','INERT','INERT'/ Burner &HOLE XB=12.5,17.5,59.0,60.5,-0.1,5.0/ End Door

28 Atrium Smoke Movement &HOLE XB=12.5,17.5,-0.5,1.0,-0.1,5.0/ End Door &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=30.0,30.0,60.0,62.0,0.0,30.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh01-c [XMAX] &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=0.0,0.0,60.0,62.0,0.0,30.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh01-c [XMIN] &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=0.0,30.0,62.0,62.0,0.0,30.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh01-c [YMAX] &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=0.0,30.0,60.0,62.0,30.0,30.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh01-c [ZMAX] &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=20.0,20.0,0.0,60.0,36.0,50.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh02 [XMAX] &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=10.0,10.0,0.0,60.0,36.0,50.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh02 [XMIN] &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=10.0,20.0,60.0,60.0,36.0,50.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh02 [YMAX] &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=10.0,20.0,0.0,0.0,36.0,50.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh02 [YMIN] &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=10.0,20.0,0.0,60.0,50.0,50.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh02 [ZMAX] &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=30.0,30.0,-2.0,0.0,0.0,30.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh01-a [XMAX] &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=0.0,0.0,-2.0,0.0,0.0,30.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh01-a [XMIN] &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=0.0,30.0,-2.0,-2.0,0.0,30.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh01-a [YMIN] &VENT SURF_ID='OPEN', XB=0.0,30.0,-2.0,0.0,30.0,30.0, COLOR='INVISIBLE'/ Mesh Vent: Mesh01-a [ZMAX] &VENT SURF_ID='Concrete', XB=0.0,30.0,-2.0,62.0,0.0,0.0/ Floor &VENT ID='Extraction Bottom', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=12.0,14.0,5.0,7.0,35.49,35.49/ &VENT ID='Extraction Top', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=12.0,14.0,5.0,7.0,36.01,36.01/ &VENT ID='Extraction Bottom01', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=12.0,14.0,20.0,22.0,35.49,35.49/ &VENT ID='Extraction Top01', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=12.0,14.0,20.0,22.0,36.01,36.01/ &VENT ID='Extraction Bottom02', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=12.0,14.0,35.0,37.0,35.49,35.49/ &VENT ID='Extraction Top02', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=12.0,14.0,35.0,37.0,36.01,36.01/ &VENT ID='Extraction Bottom03', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=12.0,14.0,50.0,52.0,35.49,35.49/ &VENT ID='Extraction Top03', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=12.0,14.0,50.0,52.0,36.01,36.01/ &VENT ID='Extraction Bottom04', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=16.0,18.0,5.0,7.0,35.49,35.49/ &VENT ID='Extraction Top04', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=16.0,18.0,5.0,7.0,36.01,36.01/ &VENT ID='Extraction Bottom05', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=16.0,18.0,20.0,22.0,35.49,35.49/ &VENT ID='Extraction Top05', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=16.0,18.0,20.0,22.0,36.01,36.01/ &VENT ID='Extraction Bottom06', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=16.0,18.0,35.0,37.0,35.49,35.49/ &VENT ID='Extraction Top06', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=16.0,18.0,35.0,37.0,36.01,36.01/

29 Atrium Smoke Movement &VENT ID='Extraction Bottom07', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=16.0,18.0,50.0,52.0,35.49,35.49/ &VENT ID='Extraction Top07', SURF_ID='HVAC', XB=16.0,18.0,50.0,52.0,36.01,36.01/ &HVAC ID='Middle', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct','Fan Duct', XYZ=13.0,6.0,35.75/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Bottom', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct', VENT_ID='Extraction Bottom'/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Top', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Fan Duct', VENT_ID='Extraction Top'/ &HVAC ID='Damper Duct', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, DAMPER=.TRUE., NODE_ID='Extraction Bottom','Middle', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26, CTRL_ID='Fire Detector Control'/ &HVAC ID='Fan Duct', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, FAN_ID='Smoke Fan', NODE_ID='Middle','Extraction Top', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26/ &HVAC ID='Middle01', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct01','Fan Duct01', XYZ=13.0,21.0,35.75/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Bottom01', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct01', VENT_ID='Extraction Bottom01'/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Top01', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Fan Duct01', VENT_ID='Extraction Top01'/ &HVAC ID='Damper Duct01', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, DAMPER=.TRUE., NODE_ID='Extraction Bottom01','Middle01', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26, CTRL_ID='Fire Detector Control'/ &HVAC ID='Fan Duct01', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, FAN_ID='Smoke Fan', NODE_ID='Middle01','Extraction Top01', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26/ &HVAC ID='Middle02', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct02','Fan Duct02', XYZ=13.0,36.0,35.75/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Bottom02', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct02', VENT_ID='Extraction Bottom02'/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Top02', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Fan Duct02', VENT_ID='Extraction Top02'/ &HVAC ID='Damper Duct02', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, DAMPER=.TRUE., NODE_ID='Extraction Bottom02','Middle02', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26, CTRL_ID='Fire Detector Control'/ &HVAC ID='Fan Duct02', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, FAN_ID='Smoke Fan', NODE_ID='Middle02','Extraction Top02', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26/ &HVAC ID='Middle03', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct03','Fan Duct03', XYZ=13.0,51.0,35.75/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Bottom03', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct03', VENT_ID='Extraction Bottom03'/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Top03', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Fan Duct03', VENT_ID='Extraction Top03'/ &HVAC ID='Damper Duct03', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, DAMPER=.TRUE., NODE_ID='Extraction Bottom03','Middle03', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26, CTRL_ID='Fire Detector Control'/ &HVAC ID='Fan Duct03', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, FAN_ID='Smoke Fan', NODE_ID='Middle03','Extraction Top03', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26/ &HVAC ID='Middle04', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct04','Fan Duct04', XYZ=17.0,6.0,35.75/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Bottom04', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct04', VENT_ID='Extraction Bottom04'/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Top04', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Fan Duct04', VENT_ID='Extraction Top04'/

30 Atrium Smoke Movement &HVAC ID='Damper Duct04', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, DAMPER=.TRUE., NODE_ID='Extraction Bottom04','Middle04', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26, CTRL_ID='Fire Detector Control'/ &HVAC ID='Fan Duct04', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, FAN_ID='Smoke Fan', NODE_ID='Middle04','Extraction Top04', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26/ &HVAC ID='Middle05', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct05','Fan Duct05', XYZ=17.0,21.0,35.75/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Bottom05', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct05', VENT_ID='Extraction Bottom05'/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Top05', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Fan Duct05', VENT_ID='Extraction Top05'/ &HVAC ID='Damper Duct05', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, DAMPER=.TRUE., NODE_ID='Extraction Bottom05','Middle05', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26, CTRL_ID='Fire Detector Control'/ &HVAC ID='Fan Duct05', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, FAN_ID='Smoke Fan', NODE_ID='Middle05','Extraction Top05', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26/ &HVAC ID='Middle06', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct06','Fan Duct06', XYZ=17.0,36.0,35.75/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Bottom06', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct06', VENT_ID='Extraction Bottom06'/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Top06', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Fan Duct06', VENT_ID='Extraction Top06'/ &HVAC ID='Damper Duct06', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, DAMPER=.TRUE., NODE_ID='Extraction Bottom06','Middle06', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26, CTRL_ID='Fire Detector Control'/ &HVAC ID='Fan Duct06', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, FAN_ID='Smoke Fan', NODE_ID='Middle06','Extraction Top06', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26/ &HVAC ID='Middle07', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct07','Fan Duct07', XYZ=17.0,51.0,35.75/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Bottom07', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Damper Duct07', VENT_ID='Extraction Bottom07'/ &HVAC ID='Extraction Top07', TYPE_ID='NODE', DUCT_ID='Fan Duct07', VENT_ID='Extraction Top07'/ &HVAC ID='Damper Duct07', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, DAMPER=.TRUE., NODE_ID='Extraction Bottom07','Middle07', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26, CTRL_ID='Fire Detector Control'/ &HVAC ID='Fan Duct07', TYPE_ID='DUCT', AREA=4.0, PERIMETER=8.0, FAN_ID='Smoke Fan', NODE_ID='Middle07','Extraction Top07', ROUGHNESS=0.001, LENGTH=0.26/ &HVAC ID='Smoke Fan', TYPE_ID='FAN', MAX_FLOW=16.0, MAX_PRESSURE=1.0E4/ &SLCF QUANTITY='VELOCITY', VECTOR=.TRUE., PBX=15.0/ &SLCF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', PBX=15.0/ &SLCF QUANTITY='VISIBILITY', PBX=15.0/ &SLCF QUANTITY='VELOCITY', VECTOR=.TRUE., PBY=30.0/ &SLCF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', PBY=30.0/ &SLCF QUANTITY='VISIBILITY', PBY=30.0/ &TAIL /