Proactive Geosteering with 3D Geo-Models

Transcription

1 Proactive Geosteering with 3D Geo-Models How Operations Teams Save on Capital and Improve Well Results Presented on September 26 th 2018 for CSPG OPERATIONS GEOLOGY DIVISION, Calgary Rocky Mottahedeh, P.Geol. P. Eng. United Oil & Gas Consulting & SMART4D Geomodelling & Geosteering Software

2 Background on United & SMART4D United was established in 1991 Geosteering & Geomodelling since 1998, with over a 1000 horizontals experience built into the software. SMART4D has been built in Calgary by United Experience with all resource types integrated SMART4D released as a Geosteering Product 2015 Releasing added Geo-modelling modules as part of SMART4D Integrated Reservoir Studies, Geo-modelling &Post Drill reviews VSM (Volumetric Sweep Mapping) Simulation for modelling drainage of wells and fracs Extensive worldwide experience

3 Definition of Geosteering from Internet In the process of drilling a borehole, geosteering is the act of adjusting the borehole position on the fly to reach one or more geological targets. The intentional directional control of a well based on the results of downhole geological logging measurements rather than three-dimensional targets in space,

4 Geosteering with True 3D Models Like SMART4D True 3D Geo-models incorporate all offsets and 3D data sets in Real-time 3D Progs. on structure, thickness, dip and properties ahead of the bit Add accuracy & efficiency which reduce drilling costs & aim for Capital Savings Reduce doglegs and tortuosity on Landings and Laterals, decreasing drilling issues, reaching TD and ensuring well is suitable for completions, maximizing fracable intervals Quality assurance by keeping eyeballs on the ball for all stakeholders (real-time reporting) Aim for Higher IPs and Percentile recoveries through consistent peak real-time placement decisions. Increase Team Collaboration with drilling Teams and Engineers Places Operations Teams in the driver seat, doing geology and good placement

5 Geosteering setup in SMART4D for Single Wells or a Development Program 1. Initiate a Geo-Model with G&G datasets 2. Auto generate spatially weighted 3D maps with 3D Kriging 3. Setup Auto-generate reports and setup web-publishing 4. Connect to WITSML or load rig data manually 5. Correlate with StratCORR & re-run model (Step 2) 6. Target Planner Correlate & run model Visualize results Plan your way points Software Accessibility Share results Cloud Networks PCs

6 A Intersecting or Regular Tops loaded from tables Multiple Types of Structure Top Controls in SMART4D Vertical B Independent Control Points offsetting Horizontals from StratCORR Basemap 2D Profile generated from true 3D model Horizontal Profile

7 Multiple Types of Structure Top Controls in SMART4D C Imported XYZ data from: 3D seismic, pre-gridded D Digitize maps From Geo-referenced images and shape files Resulting 3D Kriging structures & isopach Maps for multiple horizons Structure map Isopach About 8 structures get kriged in <1 min. 1 click model runs with property 100K cell modelling under 5 minutes. Horizontal Profile

8 Offset Marcellus StratCORR Example for Landing A B Gamma Gamma from WITSML or LAS Gas ROP Apparent Dip from geo-model StratCORR Gamma match A StratCORR segment B 3D Gamma Model Marcellus Target Real-Time Horizontal Panels

9 Marcellus StratCORR Example in the Lateral Offset Gas Gamma A StratCORR segment B Dynamic Profile StratCORR segment B A Overlay ROP ft/hr Apparent Dip 15 ft Marcellus Target Target

10 Active Geosteering and Target Planner Real-time Dogleg Feedback for Target Planning, MD & TVD Real-time re-mappings provides adjusted drilling corridor ahead and provides better Way Points at lower doglegs by Operations Geos. Interactive Target donut Target Planner Last Survey Gamma profile Horizontal Panel Toe segment of a horizontal well

11 Auto Generated Geosteering Reporting to Secure Website Every few minutes for one or more wells Structures, dip, isopachs and rock properties at survey and relative distances ahead on the plan TVD distance to formation tops at last survey & relative distances ahead generated from 3D model Auto-reported structures and well positions to website

12 Collaborate in real-time with team members Setup your own virtual operation center with a few clicks WITSML Rig data or manual input Accessible Real-time Reports and Panels

13 Case Study: Example A Marcellus Shale Background: 9 Target / Sweet Spot, TVD 6800, 3500 & 5000 laterals Need to stay in High TOC and brittle Target zone away from clay rich material above and below. KPI Improvements: In Target Performance: 100% vs 82% before DLS in the lateral: 27% reduction, Tortuosity in the lateral: 35% reduction Faults Structure map 3D visualization Real-time Panel

14 Case Study: Example B Powder River Basin Background: Over 40 injectors were drilled in a 10 sand Compared 10 old and 10 new comparable wells with active geosteering vs 2D processes KPI Improvements: In Target 98% with new wells compared to 80% for older offsets Reduced DLS in the laterals by 16% in new Geosteered wells Client reported water-flood response is positive

15 Case Study: Example C Deep Basin Montney & Tight Sand Producers Background: SMART4D Geosteering with 8 rigs concurrently by Operations Geologists About 80 wells in the last 3 years Concurrent use of Gamma and Porosity models while drilling Team collaboration with real-time Team access KPI Improvements: 18% reduction in drilling days with Capital Savings 16% Landings DLS reduction 36% Laterals DLS reduction 56% increase in formation accuracy The technical support provided by SMART4D staff is second to none. The 3D Geomodelling feature inherent in SMART4D is a critical feature that sets it apart from it competitors.

16 Case Study: Example D, Montney Play Background: Over 48 Upper Montney wells drilled since 2015 using Active Geosteering processes since 2015 Map View Important KPI s achieved: Higher recoveries by staying in the target landing zones Consistently drill entire lateral sections in 3-meter thick target zones WITSML data retrieval allows for quicker response time High confidence in the well path interpretation using SMART4D allows us to quickly and accurately adjust the well path to stay in the target zone Montney Structure Aitken & Nig area, B.C., WCSB

17 3D View of Montney Gamma Geo-model and Logs Live Structure Map Logs Geocellular blocks Structures HZ well trajectory

18 Landing Example: Upper Montney Placement before entering zone of interest Offset Gamma A B StratCORR A Gamma ROP High Gamma Dynamic Profile B Apparent Dip A B TVD Upper Montney Independent Control Points

19 Landing Example: Upper Montney Placement in zone of interest A B A B A B Upper Montney

20 Lateral Example: Upper Montney Placement Offset Offest Gamma A B A B A B Gamma ROP High Gamma Shale Apparent Dip Upper Montney Dynamic Profile Gamma Gamma

21 Panel Showing Geomechanical Properties Map View Young s Modulus, Poisson Ratio, Stiffness, etc.

22 SMART4D Geosteering Benefits Reported Since Software Release in 2015 Some KPI Improvements Reported 18% -36% reduction in drilling days & Capital Savings 16% & 36% Landings and Lateral DLS reduction 56% increase in formation accuracy 38% Reduction on Tortuosity All Wells in Target Intervals Higher IPs and Percentile recoveries Less Drilling and Completions issues

23 Well Planning Some Other functionalities of the Horizontal Panel 3D Seismic Integration Azimuthal & Synthetic Imaging

24 New Optional Geosteering for Legacy 2D Geosteering (SMART4D LE) A B Gas Gamma A B ROP Quick start method needs only offset and target data. Operations Geos can switch to 3D method instantly. A B StratCORR Interpretation Segment

25 Reservoir Characterization in all Resource Types Sandstone & Carbonate Reservoirs Oil & Gas Reservoirs, Heavy Oil Waterflood Designs & Optimizations Shale Oil and Shale Gas Geo-Mechanics, Completions Tight Gas and Tight Oil, CBM, In-situ Oil Sands 3D Modelling & Visualization of any rock properties such as gamma & porosity

26 3D Modelling Variability and Faults in Geologic Settings Conformable Strata Shale Plug Shale Plug Shale Plug Modelling Unconformities Faults

27 Other facilities: Customizable Vertical Correlation Panels Reference well Target well Cross section from Geomodel QC& Cross Plot Tools Vertical Correlation Panels

28 Completions Evaluations and Visualization of Survey Errors Completions Gas Gamma ROP Fracable Dip Copyright United Oil & Gas Consulting Ltd Collision Avoidance through Survey Error Visualization

29 Multi-use Upscaling/Downscaling of Geo-models for Simulators Upscaling for Dynamic Simulators Structure grids and voxel blocks of porosity, Perms, SW, etc. SMART4D s VSM (Volumetric Sweep Mapping) Volumetric Simulator provided as a Reservoir Consulting service to evaluate new infills and completions to reduce risk on placement in all resource types. SMART4D HCPV Geo-models are regularly downscaled to about 10 million cells ~7mx7m block sizes for Reservoir Engineering services. Here are some images of the infill studies in Heavy Oil and Tight Oil plays. United can provide the VSM process in the context of the client s Geological framework /Geo-models when on a Hosted Solution License. This process is faster and lower cost than dynamic simulation. The process is used for examining the current fracs, optimizing them and well planning to optimize ROIs. Reservoir Studies by United

30 SMART4D Software, Training, Support & Consulting Online Knowledge Base for Users, Training, Ticket System Ongoing Software R&D with Client input High value, low cost software for Geoscientists Works on PC s: Server based or Hosted Solution on browsers Contact United for: SMART4D Software Consulting Services: Integrated Mapping & Reservoir Studies, Post drill reviews, VSM (Volumetric Sweep Mapping) simulator for modelling SRV s and Stress Shadowing New modules added for HCPV & pay calculation Advanced modelling courses

31 Q&A after CSPG OPERATIONS GEOLOGY DIVISION Presentation in Calgary

32 How do you initialize models and can you brings results from other mapping or geo-models? Yes, you can build projects anywhere with the following basic datasets: General Well data, Surveys for directional wells, Tops, x,y,z data sets from your current mapping software or 3D software output from Petra, Geographix, Petrel etc. You would need logs in.las system in either metres or ft. Also basic datasets are typically sources from client s GeoScout and IHS/Accumap software. In Canada and the rest of the world other than the US, models are mainly metric and using UTM coordinates. US projects are in ft and SMART4D is able to use the State-Coordinate System there. While we can t bring the detailed characterization results for each voxel from a Petrel model, we can reliably and speedily re-generate these voxel properties with our 3D kriging engine in SMART4D. That s where the speed of the reliable re-generation is useful for Geosteering.

33 What's the Background on 3D Kriging Automation in SMART4D? Through years of development and interest in variability modelling, United has used the 3D Kriging Open source code from GSLIB and automated the feed, geostat calculations and output to simplify processes for geo-modelling. SMART4D s development philosophy is easy usage of powerful techniques by all Geoscience enthusiasts. Here is my analogy with driving. Understanding that most people want to drive and not interested in how the pistons move in the engine. In the early developments we placed Ph.D. experts such as Gordon McNab with background in Mathematics and Geo-statistics to automate 3D Kriging and calculations of variograms for each dataset. Knowing the limitations of any algorithms, we have successfully automated running of multiple structures, isopachs and any property models in a number of combinations and resolutions with a single batch command. The models honours variability of thickness tops and rock properties for any variable. Post analysis and examination through a number of methods such as x- plots, Panels and 3D visualizations makes it usable. In an automated way, in a project area with a few or few hundred wells, SMART4D will access multiple structure points, splice pertinent logs from vertical and horizontals and perform a reliable 3D solid model using 3D Kriging on variables such as Gamma and porosity in minutes. A powerful database with filtering supports small or very large projects. Models get solved reliably, typically in less than 5 minutes. This makes it ideal for fast cycle time in geosteering for re-mappings. Rocky Mottahedeh, P. Geol. P.Eng.

34 Can Geochemical data integrate into the Geosteering process? Yes, geochemical markers can be integrated into SMART4D and used for geosteering in collaboration with gamma and other drilling parameters. Particularly useful are Uranimum/Thorium, Copper/Zinc, Titanium/ Zirconium Ratios or the Organic Contents can be integrated at any time, typically manually.

35 Can Frac Datasets be visualized in SMART4D? Yes, frac data can be visualized and integrated Location of the fracs can be imported in a couple of ways. Horizontal Panels can also be annotated Tables of fracs can be brought in for the Engineering and frac modelling work and volumetric simulator VSM in SMART4D. The table contains the frac d interval, tonnage, contribution, etc. Gas Gamma ROP Fracable Dip

36 Can Isopachs/Formation thicknesses and Tops be adjusted while drilling? Yes, formation thicknesses and tops can be adjusted anytime pre or while drilling, using the spatial points dropped conveniently in the horizontal panel and basemap view. Unlike competing 2D software(s) that use TST (True Stratigraphic Thickness) process on every segment of a horizontal well to do a correlation match and drop a top, SMART4D will drop 3D points in the middle of its StratCORR interpretations that will then influence the structures. These multiple interpretation tops can then be adjusted up or down for the next round of 3D kriging in SMART4D. Also structures can be adjusted on the map view or the horizontal panel to follow a seismic structure backdrop. Because SMART4D uses all of the datasets, it provides a more robust and reliable platform for Geosteering.

37 What is the core difference between SMART4D Software as compared to its competition with 2D & 3D Model based Geosteering software? SMART4D has been designed from grounds up to deliver a proactive geosteering experience in an easily updatable Geostat based 3D geo-model. With a short learning curve and a number of innovative processes, it provides a technical advantage to producers. A wellbore is managed in the context of an asset model where all the project s past drills, current drilling and new plans are considered, adding accuracy for landings & laterals. User experience with a lot of automated processes in rea-time data integration & reporting sets it apart. The cycle time between data arrival, interpretation in 3D and reporting is in minutes. Main difference with top 2D geosteering software solutions: These competing products are mainly providing a reactive approach to well placements & not incorporating all G&G datasets and real-time learnings in a true 3D setting. Competing 2D products reflect on historical of where we have been but not where we are going. SMART4D s immersive 2D cuts from 3D solid/property models and its powerful visualization also sets it apart. Main difference with dominant 3D software solutions: Most clients view these competing 3D products heavy for real-time geosteering as too complex, expensive and bulky to operate. SMART4D provides a short learning curve.

38 PROFESSIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS Interpretations of logs, whether made directly from original logs or by electronic data processing from actual or digitized data, or from electronically transmitted data or otherwise, or any recommendation based upon such interpretations, are opinions based on inferences from physical or other measurements, empirical factors, and assumptions. Such inferences are not infallible and different opinions may exist. Accordingly we do not warrant the accuracy or correctness of any such interpretation or recommendation. Under no circumstances should any such interpretation or recommendation be relied upon as the sole basis for any drilling, production, completion, or financial decision. We do not guarantee results. We make no warranties, express or implied. Under no circumstances shall we be liable for consequential damages.