The CAEX Tool Suite - user assistance for the use of standardized plant engineering data exchange

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1 The Tool Sute - user assstance for the use of standardzed plant engneerng data exchange Mram Schlepen Fraunhofer IOSB Fraunhoferstr. 1 D arlsruhe mram.schlepen@osb.fraunhofer.de Mchael Okon Fraunhofer IOSB Fraunhoferstr. 1 D arlsruhe mchael.okon@osb.fraunhofer.de Abstract Improvng effcency n Manufacturng Executon Systems (MES) engneerng and ensurng nteroperablty requres a tool or a tool sute, whch handles the desred (heterogeneous) data representatons or better an ntegrated (homogeneous) data representaton - a data format amng at nteroperablty. (Computer Aded Engneerng Exchange, [1]) s one possble example of such a format. Its obectve s a tool-ndependent descrpton of plant plannng data. s also used as a top-level format for AutomatonML [2], [3]. To smplfy the usage of ths complex data exchange format, the authors developed varous useful assstance tools whch help users to work wth t. These tools for transformaton of arbtrary plant engneerng data, ther background and methodology wll be presented n ths contrbuton. 1 Introducton Consder the followng stuaton: You have one or even more propretary XML data sources and want to combne ths data to an ntegrated data representaton and export t afterwards to one or more targets for further processng. How can one do ths and whch data format s helpful? An answer to ths s and AutomatonML combned wth dfferent assstance tools. The authors work on ths topc n the doman of MES as software systems supportng producton. The problem to solve was to unfy data from dfferent software systems to make them usable for MES by means of an ntegrated data exchange format. [4], [5] was developed n cooperaton wth the Department of Process Control Engneerng of the RWTH Aachen and the ABB Research Center n Ladenburg. s defned n the IEC62424 standard. s a sem-formal data descrpton language whch s based on XML. It contans an XML meta model for descrbng the setup and structure of plant data. Frst and foremost, the format supports lbrary concepts and obect-orented approaches. It s possble to ntegrate lbrares from users and supplers as well as proect lbrares. In addton, both a top-down and a bottom-up system desgn are supported. The techncal nnovaton of ths approach s the syntactc and semantc unfcaton of the data. Ths allows the requred confguraton algorthms to be decoupled from the data sources. [6] conssts of three types of lbrares: InterfaceClassLbrares, RoleClassLbrares and SystemUntClassLbrares. In addton to these lbrares, there s the InstanceHerarchy where the specfc plant s modelled. Fgure 1 depcts the elements, whch are lnked to each other. The format s very smlar to ontologes [7] e.g. n the OWL format. InstanceHerarchy SystemHerarchy Obect1 Obect2 Obect3 RoleClass RoleLbrary Role3 Role2 Role1 SystemUntLbrary Type3 Type2 SystemUntClass Type1 InterfaceClass InterfaceLbrary Fgure 1. model [8]. An InterfaceClassLbrary conssts of InterfaceClasses. They are used to model nterfaces for communcaton or the topology, or, brefly, to create relatons between elements wthn the model. The nterfaces themselves do not nclude any connecton; rather, they are mere connecton ponts. The functonal RoleClasses are descrbed wthn the RoleClassLbrares. The roles are used to descrbe the semantcs of elements. Examples of roles nclude conveyors, turntables, or robots. Roles do not contan nformaton about the nternal structure of elements /10/$ IEEE

2 They defne general attrbutes and nterfaces for these obects. SystemUntClassLbrares consst of the descrpton of complex plant components, the SystemUntClasses. They contan specfc nformaton about ther functonalty and structure. The semantcs s then ntroduced by assgned RoleClasses. Instances serve for the modellng of concrete realworld plant obects n an InstanceHerarchy. In the descrbed approach, the InternalElements are always nstances of SystemUntClasses. In ths secton, plannng data and parameters are stored. These man components of form the bass for a fle. In addton, there are further elements whch serve the purpose of detal specfcaton or defnton of lnks between the elements. Fgure 2 descrbes basc elements and ther relatons to other elements. InsternalElements may contan InternalLnks. The InstanceHerarchy contans InternalElements. depcts possble lnks (rght hand) and the elements connected by them (left hand). The arrows mean can nclude the followng element. The frst dashed lne s a specal case where the connecton s not located at the element tself, but at the parent element and ponts to two chld elements. These are InternalLnks. The second dashed arrow represents the fact that SystemUntClasses are nstantated as InternalElements. Fle ExternalReference Edtors. Ths helps to enrch data wth the knowledge of nvolved persons. And fnally, f multple descrptons lke these exst or f the descrpton of one system s to be used wthn another one, the Mappng tool supports the ntegraton. Ths s also useful for change management or verson management of the data. Some other possble applcatons are n the area of flexble producton [11], [12], automated engneerng of producton montorngand control systems [13], [14] or nteractve assstant systems for mult-user engneerng [15]. 2.1 Step 1: Importer Almost every producton plannng tool possesses an XML export functon. The mporter was developed for semantc mport, takes advantage of ths crcumstance and utlzes XML technology. It was developed by the authors and s shown n fgure 4. Its purpose s to transform a system-specfc XML fle nto a system-specfc fle. In ths process, t supports the user and reduces manual work. At the same tme, t provdes users wth the possblty to ntegrate ther mplct knowledge and helps them model ther knowledge explctly. Propretary XML 1 Importer Gen. 1 Edtor 1 (reworked) Mappng Tool Mappng 1-2 InterfaceClassLb RoleClassLb InterfaceClass RoleClass Attrbute ExternalInterface Propretary XML 2 Importer Gen. 2 Edtor 2 (reworked) User assstance Data flow SystemUntClassLb InstanceHerarchy SystemUntClass InternalElement SupportedRoleClass RoleRequrements NameMappng InternalLnk Fgure 2. elements and relatons. 2 LTSTools The problem to solve was make data from dfferent data sources usable for MES by means of tool-based workflow or toolset. To use or AutomatonML effectvely, the LTSTools [9] developed by the authors provde assstance to the user as data converson and handlng toolset. They are focusng on the problem, but are not lmted to t. One possble practcal case or tool chan s shown n fgure 3. On the one hand, the Importer helps to transform propretary XML data nto. In the converson ppelne ths represents the mportng step nto the envronment. On the other, the created data can be manually changed by varous Fgure 3. Applcaton of LTSTools. In ths process, semantcs s ncorporated by convertng the specfc XML tags and structures nto standardzed structures. To acheve ths, several steps have to be processed. Frst, the users specfy one or more connectons between elements from the XML schema (no. 2 n fgure 4) and elements wthn ther propretary XML export fle (no. 1 n fgure 4). Ths can be asssted by an nteractve explanaton descrbng the four base structures: Interfaces (logcal, techncal, and mechancal nterfaces), SystemUnts (types), InternalElements (nstances), and Roles (semantc dentfer/name). The user has to defne whch elements n hs XML structure correspond to the elements (no. 3 n fgure 4). Ths has to be done once for each element type. After defnng all possble relatons, the user starts the AutoImport (no. 4 n fgure 4). In ths context, XML and XPath-technologes are used to create multple connectons between elements from the startng elements.

3 Fgure 4. Importer. After a revew of the connectons generated automatcally by the user, the orgnal XML can be transformed nto a raw (no. 5 n fgure 4). Ths means that elements of specfc types exst, but there are no semantc connectons between them. Ths s done n the next step. Roles of an exstng role lbrary (ether standardzed,.e., by AutomatonML or defned by users, depcted by 6 n fgure 4, are assgned to the generated elements (no. 7 n fgure 4). Ths nterlnkng must be performed by the user as the mporter cannot magne or nvent the meanng of an element. Ths cannot be automated, because t s solved creatvely by the user, but t s possble to apply learnng mechansms to extend ths n the future. The Importer can also be used for the creaton of the top-level structures of an AutomatonML descrpton. Another potental applcaton can be the transformaton of OWL ontology [10] concepts nto RoleClasses. By lttle changes, the Importer could be used for any XML data and any XML schema as mporter for XML from a varety of sources. Further development wll certanly focus on the expanson of user assstance. 2.2 Step 2: Edtor Users ought to have the possblty to change the Fles created by the Importer. In addton, t should also be possble to create Fles step by step. Ths manual creaton and modfcaton of Fles can also be done wth a text edtor, an XML edtor (such as XMLSpy or XMLNotepad) or other edtors developed especally for or AutomatonML (whch uses ). The Edtors can be used for the generaton of AutomatonML toplevel data. For the creaton and the edtng of AutomatonML data, there s a specfc AutomatonML edtor developed especally for the AutomatonML communty by Zühlke Engneerng [2]. Ths edtor provdes also consstency checks and the possblty to dsplay related Collada and PLCOpenXML data. To work wth the data, the authors developed ntellgent edtors, too. As huge models at the authors nsttuton are stll n the draft verson of the standard, there are edtors created for the draft verson of the standard as well as for the fnal verson to provde legacy support. All these edtors hde the XML-specfc syntax and enable the user to comprehend the data structure at a glance. Hence they can be used ntutonally and help to understand. The maor features of the edtors nclude: Navgaton strategy n the data Intutve vew of the data Easy creaton of addtonal elements or new fles Easy modfcaton of exstng data Hdng of XML structures and organzatonal elements Addtonal explanatons for n form of a help system The edtor for the draft verson of the standard s depcted n fgure 5. The AutomatonML edtor s shown n fgure 6. They enable a general access to the complex and powerful structures and semantcs of.

4 Fgure 5. Edtor for the draft verson of the standard. Fgure 6. AutomatonML edtor [3]. 2.3 Step 3: Mappng In practce, there are multple data sources for whch comprse also redundant data. The data comng from these sources has to be completed and unfed. In the descrbed example, after obtanng a systemspecfc fle, the next obectve s to unfy the heterogeneous landscape of system-specfc data by ntegratng t nto ust one 'world'. The authors call ths semantc MES Mappng (SMM). It conssts of transformng the exstng fles as well as mergng them. One basc tool developed by the authors to do ths s depcted n fgure 7. In the top left area, the user loads the source fle; n the top rght area the target fle can be loaded. Below these two trees, there s detal nformaton about the selected elements. Mapped elements are dsplayed n the bottom area of the tool and can be deleted by the user f desred. The MappngTool serves as platform for the ntegraton of dfferent mappng mechansms whch can be appled.

5 Fgure 7. MappngTool. These nclude name equvalence, for nstance, whch can be easly extended, however. Possble extensons could be some knd of graph or template matchng as well as structural equvalence. The Mappng Tool provdes the followng functons: Mappng of two (draft or fnal verson) or AutomatonML fles onto each other Integraton of a or AutomatonML descrpton wth another one Integraton of modfed parts of the fle wth the underlyng fle (Import or Export of /AutomatonML) Storage of the result of a mappng The user can select one element from each of the trees and map them manually. An automatc name mappng can be realzed by means of the recursve mappng functon descrbed below. The goal s to acheve a mappng between the source and target fles (see fgure 8), for example to merge or ntegrate two data descrptons or to mgrate an older descrpton to a newer one. The result should always be bgger than source and target. Later on the user can reduce the descrpton ndvdually, f t seems necessary 1 (revsed) Source Mappng 1-2 Mappng descrpton Fgure 8. Mappng. 2 (revsed) Target The mappng algorthm can therefore be descrbed as a unon F consstng of all functons f, descrbed below (shown n fgure 9). Q Z E Q1 Q mq X F Z1 Z mz E1 E me F = f Q = Q Z = Z E = E Q Z CQ CZ C, C s Fgure 9. mappng algorthm. The result fle E (for German Ergebns ) comprses the node mappng from source Q (for German Quelle ) to target fle Z (for German Zel ) whch can be descrbed by the functon depcted n fgure 10. Mappng can be performed ether usng two fles of draft or Q Z

6 fnal verson of the standard. The user can only create mappng relatons between elements of the same type (tag name) startng on the second herarchcal level of each fle. Mappng contnues recursvely on the sub nodes. References between nodes are resolved whch means that the new value of a reference n the source s transferred to all old references n the target. The node name of the parent node s mantaned. Sub nodes wth dfferent names or types wll be added. Attrbutes wth the same name get a new value and attrbutes wth dfferent names wll be added. As a result of ths specfcaton, the number of nodes n the result fle s not lower than the number of nodes n the target fle and that the number of attrbutes n the result fle s not lower that the number of attrbutes n the target fle. There are two types of mappng operatons. The mappng can result n a transformaton (see Trafo n fgure 10) where values of the nodes are changed or n a fuson (see Fuson n fgure 10) where elements are nserted completely nto the result. If an element s renamed, the old name s replaced by the new one n the whole result set. Transformaton s done on the attrbute level. There, the frst case descrbes that the target value remans unchanged f the attrbute name s ID and the source value wll be the target value f the attrbute does not equal ID. Fuson s performed n the next two cases. The source attrbute s transferred f t s not ncluded n the target. And the target attrbute s mantaned f t s not ncluded n the source. 3 Concluson The applcaton and usage of a complex data exchange format such as requres specal assstance for the user. Therefore, the authors developed some LTSTools,. e. varous several helpful tools n the context of. These nclude the Importer for the mport of tool-specfc XML data nto, the Edtors for the creaton and modfcaton of data and the MappngTool to merge two descrptons. The tools were tested usng some applcaton examples and wll be extended and enhanced contnuously.. Defnng N n : = { N,1 n} the descrpton of a fle s gven by : = { 1,, m, A1,, An } wth s node (subnode); m A s attrbute; A : = ( x, y );, x = attrbute name, y = attrbute value The result fle comprses the node mappng from source to target fle whch can be descrbed by f : Q Z E mt f ( Q, Z ) : = E wth =,,, A,, A Q Z E = { Q } 1 Qm Q Q1 Qn Q { Z,, Z, A } m Z Z,, A 1 1 Zn Z {,,, A, A } and =, wth f E : = for and A E : = E1 Em E E1 En E (, ), f ( name( ) = name( ) type( ) = type( ) ) Q Z m E for n E Q, f, f Z for one (, ) n Q Z ( name( ) { name( ) } type( ) { type( ) }) Q for one Q ( name( ) { name( ) } type( ) { type( ) }) Z for one Q m mz m Z Q Ν ( xz, y ) ( = ) Z,f x Z ID for one ( x, y ),f ( x = y ) ( x ID) Z Z m mz mq ( xq, y ) { } ( ) Q,f x Q x Z m x Q Q ID ( xz, yz ),f xz { xq n } ( xz ID) Q Z Q Z Z nz Q for one (, ) nq for one Q Z Ν for one nz nq nz Z Z Q Trafo Fuson mz mq Fgure 10. mappng functon.

7 References [1] IEC 62424, Representaton of process control engneerng - Requests n P&I dagrams and data exchange between P&ID tools and PCE-CAE tools, [2] AutomatonML, receved 08 Aprl [3] R. Drath et. al., Datenaustausch n der Automatserungsplanung mt AutomatonM,. Sprnger Verlag, Berln, [4] M. Feda, U. Epple, R. Drath, A. Fay, A Metamodel for generc data exchange between varous CAE Systems, In: Proceedngs of 4th Mathmod Conference, Edton 24 of ARGESIM Report, ISBN , pp , [5] M. Feda, R. Drath, - a neutral data exchange format for engneerng data, In: atp/nternatonal 1/2005, Oldenbourg Industreverlag, pp , [6] M. Schlepen, R. Drath, O. Sauer, "The systemndependent data exchange format for supportng an automatc confguraton of a producton montorng and control system", IEEE Internatonal Symposum on Industral Electroncs ISIE 2008, Cambrdge, pp , [7] T. R. Gruber, A translaton approach to portable ontologes, nowledge Acquston, 5(2): , [8] M. Schlepen, O. Sauer, Flexblty and nteroperablty face Manufacturng Executon Systems (MES), Proceedngs of 3rd Internatonal Swedsh Producton Symposum (SPS), Day 2 Book, pp , Gothenburg, [9] Fraunhofer IOSB, LTSTools, receved 08 Aprl [10] G. Antonou, F. van Harmelen, Web Ontology Language: OWL, Steffen Staab, Rud Studer (Ed.) Handbook on Ontologes, Sprnger Verlag, ISBN , pp.67-92, [11] M. Ebel, M. Okon, M. Baumann, ProduFlexl: Flexble Produkton mt SOA-Archtektur und Plug-and-Work- Mechansmus, In: Proceedngs of Stuttgarter Softwaretechnk Forum (Scence meets busness), pp.65-74, [12] M. Schlepen, M. Okon, M. Baumann, M. Neukaeufer, C. Fedrowtz, M. Feke, N. Popova, M. Nck, S. Schneckert, M. Wessner, Desgn and engneerng processes n hghly adaptve plants wth ambent ntellgence technques, Proceedngs of 42nd CIRP Conference on Manufacturng Systems, Grenoble, [13] O. Sauer, M. Ebel, Engneerng of producton montorng & control systems, Scharff, Peter (Hrsg.); Technsche Unverstät / Fakultät für Informatk und Automatserung:Computer scence meets automaton : Vol. I : 52. IW ; proceedngs, Ilmenau : Unv.-Verl., pp , [14] M. Schlepen,. Schck, Self-confgurng vsualzaton of a producton montorng and control system, CIRP Internatonal Conference on Intellgent Computaton n Manufacturng Engneerng - CIRP ICME '08, Naples, Italy, ISBN , [15] M. Schlepen, T. Bader, A concept for nteractve assstant systems for mult-user engneerng based on AutomatonML, Proceedngs of CAPE Conference 2010, Ednburgh, , Paper 014, 2010.

8 Year: 2010 Author(s): Schlepen, Mram; Okon, M. Ttle: The tool sute - user assstance for the use of standardzed plant engneerng data exchange DOI: /ETFA ( IEEE. Personal use of ths materal s permtted. However, permsson to reprnt/republsh ths materal for advertsng or promotonal purposes or for creatng new collectve works for resale or redstrbuton to servers or lsts, or to reuse any copyrghted component of ths work n other works must be obtaned from the IEEE. Detals: Insttute of Electrcal and Electroncs Engneers -IEEE-: 15th IEEE Internatonal Conference on Emergng Technologes and Factory Automaton, ETFA CD-ROM : September 13-16, 2010, Blbao, Span New York, NY: IEEE, 2010 ISBN: ISBN: ISBN: pp.