FHR. Fully Automated. Imaging Spectrometer. User Manual

Transcription

1 FHR Fully Automated Imaging Spectrometer User Manual Part Number Revision 1

2 Copyright April, 11 HORIBA Jobin Yvon Inc., Optical Spectroscopy Division. All rights reserved. Portions of the software described in this document Copyright Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, including electronic or mechanical, photocopying and recording without prior written permission of HORIBA Jobin Yvon Inc., Optical Spectroscopy Division. Requests for permission should be submitted in writing. Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of the vendor. ii

3 Contents PREFACE...VII CHAPTER 1: INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFICATIONS...1 Introduction... 1 CHAPTER 2: INSTRUMENT REQUIREMENTS...3 Input Power Requirements... 3 Environmental Requirements... 3 Computer Requirements... 4 Safety Symbols... 5 Safety Requirements... 6 General Maintenance Requirements... 6 CHAPTER 3: SETUP...7 Setup Overview... 7 Unpacking and Equipment Inspection... 8 Installing Software Installing the Tilt Feet Installing the Grating Installing a CCD Camera (Optional) Connecting Electrical Interface Cables Filter Wheel Connection (Optional) Shutter Cable Connection (Optional) Nitrogen Connector (Optional) CHAPTER 4: INITIAL POWER-UP AND OPERATION...21 FHR Operation Modes Drive Operation Grating Turret Dual Entrance and Exit Port Operation Filter Wheel Operation Slit Adjustments CCD Focus and Rotation Adjustment Mechanisms Initial Power-up Spectrometer Calibration CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM PERFORMANCE...33 Diffraction Grating Groove Density and System Performance Slit Settings and Bandpass Stray Light Rejection iii

4 Contents CHAPTER 6: TROUBLESHOOTING...38 Unit Fails to Turn On Spectrometer Does not Respond to any Commands Spectrometer Responds Only to Some Commands Wavelength Drive and/or Accessories do not Move Background Signal Very High, Background Reduced when Room Lights are Turned Off Noisy Signal APPENDIX A: DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS...42 APPENDIX B: FHR SERIES INTERFACE CONNECTOR PIN ASSIGNMENTS...44 APPENDIX C: ACCESSORIES LISTING...46 APPENDIX D: DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY...48 APPENDIX E: MOUNTING ACCESSORIES TO THE FHR...50 Slit Mounting Holes Female C-mount Adapter Male C-mount Adapter LSH Series Lamp Housings SampleMax ACH-C Optical Chopper B Detector Housing XY Fiber Optic Mount CCD Flange to CCD Shutter Replacement Procedure SERVICE POLICY...58 RETURN AUTHORIZATION...59 WARRANTY...60 INDEX...64 iv

5 Contents FIGURES Figure 1. Optical Design of FHR Series... 2 Figure 2. FHR Components (FHR1000 Pictured)... 8 Figure 3. Front View of FHR Showing Tilt Feet Locations Figure 4. FHR Single Grating Mount Figure 5. Opening the FHR Top Cover Figure 6. Three-Point Raleigh Mount Support Figure 7. Screw the Holder into the Spectrometer Figure 8. FHR Dual Grating Turret Figure 9. Unscrew the Dual Grating Turret Figure 10. Screw the Plate onto the Support Figure 11. Power Interface Figure 12. Communication Interfaces Figure 13. Filter Wheel and Shutter Cable Connectors Figure 14. Nitrogen Connector Figure 15. FHR Entrance and Exit Port Options Figure 16. Slit Height Limiter Figure 17. FHR640 Dimensional Drawings Figure 18. FHR1000 Dimensional Drawings Figure 19. Slit Mounting Hole Locations Figure 20. Attachment of C-mount Adapter Figure B Detector Housing Figure 22. Mounting the XY Fiber Optic Mount Transfer Plate to a Slit Assembly Figure 23. XY Fiber Optic Mount Adjustments Figure 24. Slit Mounting Holes and CCD Flange TABLES Table I. FHR Specifications... 2 Table II. Electrical Specifications... 3 Table III. Safety Symbols... 5 Table IV. Individual Components for the FHR... 9 Table V. Grating Table for the FHR Table VI. Slit Width vs. Bandpass Table VII. Available Accessories for the FHR Series v

6 Contents vi

7 Preface This manual explains how to setup, operate, troubleshoot and maintain your FHR Spectrometer and describes all instrument specifications. Information is also provided regarding the minimum requirements necessary for successful operation and optimum performance. Depending on the purchased system configuration, your system may contain more than one HORIBA Jobin Yvon operating manual. The general guidelines presented below may assist you in finding the specific manual that is the most informative on a particular subject: Each manual generally covers a specific product along with the features and accessories particular to and/or contained within that product. Accessories that can be applied to other products are normally covered by separate documentation. Software that is exclusively used with one instrument or system is covered in the manual for that product. Software that can be used with a number of products is covered in its own manual. If you are reading about a product that interacts with other products, you will be referred to additional documentation as necessary. vii

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9 Chapter 1: Instrument Description and Specifications Introduction The FHR640 and FHR1000 are automated Czerny-Turner spectrometers, featuring a 0.64 m focal length (FHR640) and a 1 m focal length (FHR1000). Especially designed for researchers who require high accuracy with immediate results, the versatility of the FHR series allows for utilization over a wide spectral range, extending from the UV range (140 nm) to the IR (depending on the grating and detector used). Equipped with fully automated wavelength drive, slits, optional swing away mirrors, grating turret and shutter, the system can be controlled remotely by one of several computer/software options. System performance and function can be altered as is necessary without direct access to the instrument. Adjustments to slit aperture (bandpass), wavelength position, port selection and grating selection can be automatically performed, without operator intervention. The wavelength drive of the FHR is via direct coupling to a stepper motor. This high quality motor permits rapid scanning with high precision positioning. The direct grating drive features a grating speed of approximately 300 nm/second (with a 1200gr/mm grating), offering users significantly reduced experiment times. The drive is also selfcalibrating. The need for computer or other intelligent interfacing, coupled to the nonlinear motor-to-wavelength function, eliminates the external wavelength counter. The unique combination of drive speed, precision and high resolution, makes the FHR an extremely flexible instrument that can be configured for a wide variety of applications. The instrument s superior performance results from the stringent selection of the highest quality optical, mechanical and electronic components. Its electronics allow it to be easily integrated in most any computerized configuration. FHR spectrometers are compatible with most HORIBA Jobin Yvon accessories and standard interfaces. 1

10 Instrument Description and Specifications Table I. FHR Specifications Specifications Model FHR640 FHR1000 Focal Length 640 mm 1000 mm Entrance Aperture Ratio (single grating) f/5.4 f/9.0 Grating Size Single grating 110 mm x 110 mm Dual grating 80 mm x 110 mm Scanning Range nm Scanning Speed 300 nm/s Spectral Dispersion 1.2 nm/mm 0.8 nm/mm Spectral Resolution w/ 10 µm slits nm nm Wavelength Position Accuracy ± 0.03 nm Wavelength Repeatability ± nm Slits Automated, Standard 0 2 mm Automated, Option 0 7 mm Length in (740 mm) in (1160 mm) Dimensions Width in (350 mm) in (430 mm) Height in (350 mm) in (350 mm) Nominal Weight lb (65 kg) lb (70 kg) All specifications with 1200 gr/mm grating. Specifications subject to change without notice. FHR640 FHR1000 Figure 1. Optical Design of FHR Series 2

11 Chapter 2: Instrument Requirements The FHR has minimum system requirements that are necessary for successful operation and optimum performance. This section covers issues related to instrument attributes such as physical environment, safety and general maintenance. Input Power Requirements The FHR operates from a 24 V DC input. This is provided by the universal input (100 V 240 V, 1.6 A), 24 V 2.1 A output external brick power supply supplied with the instrument. The power supply is plugged into a standard wall outlet using a standard three-conductor power cord. Table II. Electrical Specifications Voltage V AC Frequency 50/60 Hz Power 65 W Power supply plugging Unfixed plug DC power source Fluctuations of power source should not exceed 10% of nominal voltage Over tension category II Functioning mode Continuous Class I (system with integrated Isolation class isolation, linked to the earth (ground)) System mobility Fixed system Protection Internal fuse : 2 fuses T 1.6 A Gas Dry nitrogen (99,99 %) 2 bars maximum at the entrance Environmental Requirements The FHR should be placed on a sturdy table or laboratory bench with enough room for any detectors, optional accessories and PC that will be part of the system configuration. The instrument should be kept in an atmosphere free of dust, corrosives, and smoke. It should be placed in an area with a temperature constant of ± 1 C (around 20 C) as maintaining a stable environment is essential for achieving optimum results. The environmental conditions are listed as follows: 3

12 Setup Operating Environment Temperature: 5 C to 40 C Maximum altitude: 2000 meters Pollution Degree: Degree 2 Storage conditions Storage temperature: 5 C to 40 C Maximum storage humidity (noncondensing): 80 % at 31 C Computer Requirements The FHR Series provides RS-232 and GPIB communications interfaces. FHR spectrometers are compatible with HORIBA Jobin Yvon s SynerJY data acquisition software, or with LabView Vis. A programmer s instruction manual set is also provided (Spectrometer Control Interfacing and Programming Manual). Computer requirements for the FHR Series are: One free communications port (COM, GPIB, or USB) Meets the requirements specified by the user s operating system Meets the requirements specified by the user s software 4

13 Setup Safety Symbols Please refer to the table below to locate and identify the important safety symbols on the instrument and supporting equipment. Table III. Safety Symbols Symbol Name Meaning Caution Refer to the instruction manual in order to protect against damage to the product. Hazardous voltage Caution, risk of electrical shock. Hot-surface Caution, hot surface. Cryogenic surface Caution, severe burn Disconnect before servicing Disconnect instrument from mains before servicing. Earth (ground) terminal Indicates a circuit-common connected to grounded chassis. Protective earth (ground) terminal Alternating current On (supply) Off (supply) 5

14 Setup Safety Requirements The following precautions should be observed to prevent possible damage to the FHR: Do not connect or disconnect any cables to or from the FHR when the instrument is powered on. Keep the grating in a closed instrument or storage container at all times. Do not touch the grating surface. CAUTION Never touch the grating surface not even with lens tissue. Damage can easily occur and degrade performance. Such damage is not covered by warranty. Fingerprints on a grating surface cause permanent damage. If fingerprints get on the grating surface, do not attempt to clean them. General Maintenance Requirements Users are recommended to periodically clean the external surfaces of the FHR by wiping them down with a clean, damp cloth. This procedure should only be performed on external surfaces. Do not use any solvents, soaps, or abrasives when cleaning as these products can damage surface finishes. While the mirrors and gratings of the FHR require no routine maintenance, it is important to exercise care to prevent damage to their surfaces. Should dust particles accumulate on the grating surface, it is better to leave them rather than risk possible surface damage caused by cleaning. 6

15 Chapter 3: Setup Setup Overview Before the operational power-up phase, you must setup your FHR spectrometer and all accompanying components. The installation of your HORIBA Jobin Yvon spectrometer and application software has several separate stages that must be completed for the system to operate properly. Please follow the steps in the order listed below for proper installation and startup. Additional procedures for mounting accessories are located in Appendix E (installation procedures are also provided in the accompanying accessory documentation). Unpacking and Equipment Inspection Installing Software Installing the Tilt Feet Installing the Grating Installing a CCD Detector (optional) Connecting Electrical Interface Cables Note: The HORIBA Jobin Yvon warranty on the FHR Spectrometer does not cover damage to the system s optical components that arises as a result of improper handling. 7

16 Setup Unpacking and Equipment Inspection Carefully unpack your FHR spectrometer, examining each component for possible shipping damage. Figure 2 below depicts the individual FHR components. Figure 2. FHR Components (FHR1000 Pictured) 8

17 Setup Table IV. Individual Components for the FHR Item HORIBA Jobin Yvon Component Description # Part Number 1 FHR Series Spectrometer FHR640 or FHR CCD Resolution Flange* MAI-IR 3 Tilt Feet (3) 4 RS-232 Cable RS-232 USB Converter V AC to DC Power Converter 6 Power Cord CEE 7/7 to CEE-22 (220 V) NEMA 5-15 to CEE-22 (110 V) 7 FHR User Manual * Included only with units configured for spectrograph operation. 9

18 Setup Installing Software Follow the installation procedure provided with your software. If installing SynerJY, please refer to the SynerJY Installation Guide. Installing the Tilt Feet Locate the tilt feet for the FHR and install them if not shipped on the instrument. To install tilt feet: 1. Locate the three tilt feet shipped with the FHR 2. Screw the tilt feet into the three M8 tapped holes located at the base of the instrument. The height and tilt of the unit can be set by adjusting the feet. 3. When the height and tilt of the instrument are satisfactory, lock the feet into place by tightening the nuts of the feet against the body of the unit. Tilt Feet: - 2 on the front - 1 on the back Figure 3. Front View of FHR Showing Tilt Feet Locations User s Manual 10 Automated MicroHR

19 Setup Installing the Grating The grating is sent in a protective box, from which it must be removed then placed into the spectrometer. The interchangeable grating holder is removable and may be replaced with another pre-aligned holder. Follow the appropriate procedure for installing the grating(s) in the spectrometer. FHR Single Grating Holder (P/N ) FHR Dual Grating Turret (P/N ) Single Grating Installation B A H B C H A Figure 4. FHR Single Grating Mount 11

20 Setup 1. Remove the top cover of the instrument then unscrew and open the access hatch. Figure 5. Opening the FHR Top Cover 2. If you have to remove a grating, unscrew the holder by the screw H, being careful not to touch the face of the grating. This manipulation can be done more easily if the spectrometer position is set to 0 nm. 3. Lift the turret up and out of the instrument, leaving one shim washer on the shaft. Place the holder in its protective box. 12

21 Setup 4. Take the holder containing the grating you want to install and place it on the support. The screws A, B, C of the holder coincide with the three point rayleigh mount (X, Y, Z). Z X J Y Figure 6. Three-Point Mount Support 5. Place screw H in its lodging with the spring and washer being careful not to touch the face of the grating. Tighten the screw and then unscrew one turn. Figure 7. Screw the Holder into the Spectrometer 6. Verify that the mount is correctly installed by gently tipping it on its side (rotation around the point X and line Z. 7. Save the grating holder container for future storage. 8. Close the access hatch and replace the top cover of the instrument. 13

22 Setup Dual Grating Turret Installation With the double grating turret, you may select any grating on the turret automatically using the controller or software connected to your system. Refer to the manual or online help that pertains to your system's controller or software. Systems containing the dual grating turret are shipped with the gratings mounted and aligned on each turret assembly. Do not remove gratings from the mounts or disturb their adjustments. E B F B E A C A Figure 8. FHR Dual Grating Turret 1. Remove the top cover of the instrument then unscrew and open the access hatch. 2. If you have to remove a single grating holder, see the previous procedure. If you have to remove a dual grating turret, unscrew the turret by the screws E and F shown above. This manipulation can be done more easily if the spectrometer position is set to 0 nm. 3. Lift the turret up and out of the instrument then unscrew screw H of the support and lift it up and out leaving one shim washer on the shaft. 4. Screw the turret back on the support and place the turret in its protective box. 14

23 Setup Figure 9. Unscrew the Dual Grating Turret 5. Locate the dual grating turret containing the gratings you want to install. Unscrew the turret from the plate (screws E and F). Place the plate on the support. The screws A, B, C coincide with the three point rayleigh mount X, Y, Z. 6. Place screw H in its lodging with the spring and washer. Tighten the screw and then unscrew one turn. Verify that the plate is correctly installed by gently tipping it on its side (rotation around the point X and line Z Screw the turret on the plate with the screws E and F Save the grating holder container for future storage Figure 10. Screw the Plate onto the Support 7. Verify that the plate is correctly installed by gently tipping it on its side (rotation around the point X and line Z). 8. Screw the turret on the plate with the screws E and F. 15

24 Setup 9. Save the grating holder container for future storage. 10. Close the access hatch and replace the top cover of the instrument. If you are experiencing difficulty in the installation or removal of the grating turret or require any additional assistance, please contact your HORIBA Jobin Yvon Customer Service representative. Installing a CCD Camera (Optional) FHR Spectrograph models purchased with HORIBA Jobin Yvon CCD cameras are shipped with the CCD flange already attached to the camera. HORIBA Jobin Yvon CCDs are focused and aligned at the factory and when installed in the FHR, using the procedure below, should be properly aligned and require no further adjustments. If using a CCD not manufactured by HORIBA Jobin Yvon, the flange will require mounting to the CCD (refer to the CCD Flange Mounting Procedure in Appendix E). Mount the CCD/flange assembly to the instrument as follows 1. Insert the tube of the CCD flange into the CCD port of the FHR. Make sure that the flange pin is aligned with the corresponding slot. 2. Push the flange gently into the FHR until it stops. 3. Tighten the mounting screw so that the detector head is securely positioned at the focal plane of the spectrometer. Refer to Chapter 4: CCD Focus and Rotation Adjustment Mechanisms for more details on positioning the CCD camera. 16

25 Setup Connecting Electrical Interface Cables The cable connections for the FHR Series vary, depending on the interface used and the controlling device or computer attached. When connecting to a COM port on a computer, use a null modem cable (RS-232). When connecting to a National Instruments GPIB board, use an IEEE-488 cable (not included) and the IEEE-488 port of the FHR Series. 1. Connect the female end of the power cord into the power interface located on the instrument back panel (Figure 11). 2. Plug the 5-pin din connector end of the cord into the 24 V AC to DC power converter. 3. Plug the wall outlet end of the converter into a properly grounded wall outlet to provide a chassis-to-earth ground. Figure 11. Power Interface CAUTION Never connect or disconnect this cable from the instrument when power is on; doing so may result in a short circuit! 4. Connect either the (a) RS-232 or (b) IEEE488 communications cable to the FHR and your computer. a. Connecting the RS-232 Communications Cable 1. Connect one end of the RS-232 cable (P/N ), to the 9 pin male connector located on the back panel of the instrument. 2. Connect the other end of the cable to a COM port on your computer. (Note the COM port you attached to (ie. Com1 or Com2). If connecting to a USB port, you must attach the RS-232 to USB converter (P/N ) to the RS-232 cable before connecting to your computer. 17

26 Setup b. Connecting the IEEE488 Communications Cable 1. Connect once end of the IEEE488 cable to the National Instruments GPIB card in your computer and the other end to the FHR IEEE488 connector. Please note that the FHR default GPIB address is typically 1. CAUTION Never connect or disconnect this cable from the instrument when power is on; doing so may result in a short circuit! RS232 GPIB Figure 12. Communication Interfaces Filter Wheel Connection (Optional) The FHR series has the ability to control HORIBA Jobin Yvon s ACH-C6PM automated filter wheel. Pug the cable provided with the filter wheel into the 15-pin connector (shown on Figure 13). The filter wheel can then be controlled via SynerJY for Windows or programmed directly. The 15-pin connector is only used if you have a motorized filter wheel to control from your FHR. If this is the case then connect one end of the CCA-FWTR to this panel and the other end to your motorized filter wheel. Shutter Cable Connection (Optional) If you have a shutter, connect the shutter cable to the BNC connector (Figure 13) and refer to your detector system manual to determine proper connection to the detector control electronics. Figure 13. Filter Wheel and Shutter Cable Connectors 18

27 Setup Nitrogen Connector (Optional) The use of Nitrogen requires paying attention to all preventive cares linked to the use of such a gas. Ventilate the room and make sure that the gas tube does not present a leak. The connector is shown in Figure 14 below. The nitrogen flow should not exceed 2 bars. Dry nitrogen only 2 bar maximum Figure 14. Nitrogen Connector 19

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29 Chapter 4: Initial Power-up and Operation This chapter covers the steps necessary to initially power-up and operate the FHR. In addition, detector head issues related to proper CCD focus and alignment to a spectrograph are discussed in detail. The topics listed below provide information about the capabilities and functions of your FHR. Operation Modes Drive Operation Grating Turret Slit Adjustments Dual Entrance and Exit Port Operation CCD Rotation and Adjustment Mechanisms Filter Wheel Operation To power-up and operate your spectrometer, please follow the steps in the order listed below. SynerJY spectroscopic applications software is recommended for the control and integration of additional system components. Please refer to the SynerJY and/or other software documentation provided to configure, initialize, and operate your FHR. Initial Power-up Spectrometer Calibration 21

30 Initial Power-up and Operation FHR Operation Modes The FHR is extremely versatile, and can be customized to accommodate most applications. Selection of entrance and exit ports, gratings, and spectroscopic accessories allows you to tailor the FHR specifically to your experiment. The spectrometer is controllable via the accompanying SynerJY, SynerJY Software Development Kit, or LabVIEW VIs. Grating holder Entrance slit shutter Leveling feet Exit slit or mutlichannel array adaptor Figure 15. FHR Entrance and Exit Port Options 22

31 Initial Power-up and Operation Spectrograph Operation FHR units equipped to operate as spectrographs have at least one entrance slit and a CCD flange. Options for a side entrance and side exit are also available. When taking measurements with a spectrograph, the light to be analyzed is diffracted by the grating and dispersed across the exit focal plane. An array detector such as a 2D CCD or linear InGaAs array mounted at the exit is used to measure, or take a snapshot of, a range of wavelengths. The grating position for a particular wavelength range is identified by the center wavelength position. Data for a 2D detector may be recorded for each individual pixel, as an image, or with the vertical pixels in each pixel column summed, as a spectrum. Monochromator Operation FHR units equipped to operate as monochromators are configured with an entrance and an exit slit. Options are available for a side exit slit and a side entrance slit. As the name suggests, a monochromator is used to select a single wavelength of light. Here are four typical applications for the FHR when configured as a monochromator: Scanning monochromator The instrument can be used to measure the spectral output of emitted light. The light can come from the sun, a laser diode, a glow discharge, etc. Tunable light source With a broadband light source directly coupled to the entrance slit, the FHR can provide a specific bandpass (range of wavelengths) at the exit. Changing the slit width will vary the spectral bandpass. Spectral filter The FHR can be used to select a particular bandpass of light, at different user-selected wavelengths. Fixed wavelength measurement The FHR, when set to a fixed wavelength and bandpass with a single channel detector coupled to the exit slit, can monitor variations in an incoming light signal, such as laser power. 23

32 Initial Power-up and Operation Drive Operation The FHR utilizes a precision worm/wheel gear drive mechanism under stepper motor control which enables a user to drive precisely to a given wavelength or scan over a wavelength range. The drive has a scan range of 0 nm to 1500 nm (for a 1200 gr/mm grating). The wavelength resolution of the drive is user selectable with a minimum step size of nm (with a 1200 gr/mm grating). The drive must be initialized upon powering up. The initialization process precisely homes the drive mechanism, allowing for very accurate and repeatable wavelength settings. The drive will hold position indefinitely as long as the unit is powered up. If the system is powered down, there can be a small shift in drive position. The drive requires no backlash correction when moving in the direction of increasing wavelength. We therefore recommend that users scan from lower to higher wavelengths. When the system is directed to move from a higher wavelength to a lower wavelength, an automatic backlash correction is performed. When moving to shorter wavelengths, overshoot by at least 10 nm with a 1200 g/mm grating, (or 320 steps in any case) to allow for the backlash correction. While the backlash operation does not affect the wavelength accuracy and precision of the drive, it does add additional time to the scan. When moving from lower to higher wavelength (recommended), the drive scan speed is approximately 300 nm/ sec (with a 1200 g/mm grating). Grating Turret FHR series spectrometers come with a single mount or a dual grating turret. Grating selection is software controlled. The operation for changing the grating is automatic. Additional turrets may be purchased for the FHR. The dual grating turret is kinematically mounted and prealigned, allowing the user to interchange turrets without the need for realignment (refer to Chapter 3: Setup for single and dual grating turret installation procedures). 24

33 Initial Power-up and Operation Dual Entrance and Exit Port Operation The FHR offers optional dual entrance port and dual exit port configurations. The addition of a second exit port allows for dual detector mounting. Spectral output is switched from the front exit port to the side exit port via a computer controlled swing mirror. Similarly, equipping the system with dual entrance ports allows for the mounting of two optical inputs which are also selectable via software. Filter Wheel Operation The FHR is compatible with the HORIBA Jobin Yvon AFW-C6PM automated filter wheel. This is a six position motorized filter wheel which accommodates up to six 1" interchangeable filters. Filter selection is software controlled. Note: The presence of filters can sometimes produce a slight shift in wavelength. This wavelength error can be removed by following the wavelength calibration procedure. 25

34 Initial Power-up and Operation Slit Adjustments The slits of the FHR are fully automated. The width of the slit opening is controlled via software. Having the proper slit width is critical as it directly affects the throughput and wavelength resolution of the system. The slit height also has an effect on resolution and throughput, although to a lesser extent. Slit height is manually adjusted by a height limiter. See Chapter 5: System Performance for a more complete discussion of this topic. Automated Slits The motorized, adjustable slits of the FHR are controlled remotely by computer. Slit width is continuously adjustable from 0 mm to 2 mm or 0 mm to 7 mm (optional). The height limiter controls the slit height and has three settings: closed, 1 mm, and open. The detents of the actuator are used as a guide for setting the height limiter. To open the height limiter completely, pull the actuator out until it stops. For a 1 mm opening, push the actuator to the first detent. To close the height limiter, push the actuator in until it stops. Closing the height limiter provides a useful way to block the input light in order to take a dark level reading. Figure 16. Slit Height Limiter 26

35 Initial Power-up and Operation CCD Focus and Rotation Adjustment Mechanisms The FHR provides mechanisms for precise adjustment of the focus and rotational alignment of a CCD camera. The adjustments consist of focus and rotation adjustment set screw. 1. Loosen the focus and rotation adjustment set screw when performing CCD focus and alignment procedures. Loosening this screw allows the detector to rotate right or left and in and out of the focal plane. 2. Secure the set screw once adjustments have been made. Note: For installation of a HORIBA Jobin Yvon CCD or array detector delivered with a FHR spectrograph, see the Installation of the CCD Camera section of Chapter 3. 27

36 Initial Power-up and Operation Initial Power-up 1. Check that all system cables interfacing to and from the FHR are properly connected. 2. Make sure that all software has been installed before the unit is turned on. 3. Verify that the unit, computer, and any additional supporting equipment are connected properly to AC input power. 4. Set the power switch on the back of the unit to the ON ( I symbol) position. The wavelength drive, slits, turret, and turning mirrors will run through a selftest and self-calibration when the controlling program or device runs a hardware initialization routine. For a fully loaded system, this may require a few minutes, as each automated device is initialized in sequence. With the top cover removed, you can verify the movement of the various drives. Do not interfere with or force any of the devices to move, as this may result in damage to your FHR. With the slit blocking/ height limiting slides open, you may observe and verify each of the slits opening and closing, in turn, during initialization. At the end of the initialization, the slits will be "closed" to a nominal width of 2-6 µm. The optics in the FHR Series should require no further attention. Calibration and alignment can be verified by passing visible mercury lines through the exit (see the Spectrometer Calibration procedure. Initialization Using SynerJY for Windows Following installation, SynerJY software must be configured for your specific system configuration. The copy of SynerJY shipped with your system contains a preset configuration that needs to be loaded. If you received SynerJY as a stand alone copy with no preset configuration, you can create your hardware configuration using the procedure listed in the SynerJY Installation Guide. If your system includes a CCD, perform the CCD Focus and Alignment procedure (see SynerJY Help>Experiment Setup>General Parameters>Detectors>Multichannel Detector Parameters>CCD Focus and Alignment). Perform the Monochromator Calibration procedure (see SynerJY Help> Experiment Setup>General Parameters>Monochromators>Monochromator Calibration). This procedure serves as an initial check, prior to running an experiment, that your system's monochromator is properly calibrated and aligned. If your System includes a CCD, perform the CCD Wavelength Calibration procedure (see SynerJY Help>Experiment Setup>General Parameters>Detectors>Multi-channel Detector Parameters>Wavelength Calibration). This procedure is a method of calibrating the pixel to wavelength 28

37 Initial Power-up and Operation conversion of the CCD. Prior to running this procedure, the CCD must be focused and aligned and the monochromator center wavelength must be properly calibrated. Once you have successfully completed the steps above, you are ready to enter your experiment parameters and begin acquiring data. Using 232M Dos Program 1. Using the 3 ½ inch diskette labeled Datascan/Spex232/Spex488 Support Diskette go into the Utility directory and run the program 232M. At the prompt, enter the Com port to which your FHR is connected and enter a baud rate of Press Enter. Audible tones are heard and communication is established. The menu then appears. Choose Initialize Mono to initialize the FHR. 3. The first portion of the initialization moves the drive and then initializes the slits (open and then closed). After all the slits are initialized, the drive completes the initialization process by finding the A grating and placing it in position The following is a list of the pertinent commands and their functions: Initialize Mono - Initializes Monochromator Move Motor Relative - Moves the Motor in Steps (Approx steps/nm for 1200 gr/mm grating) Read Motor Position - Reads the Motor Position in Steps Slit Move Relative - Moves the Slits in Steps (Approximately 2 µm per step) ABS Mono Move - Moves the Motor in Wavelength (nm) [Based on 1200 gr/mm grating (ie. 546 nm for 600 gr/mm grating = 273 nm in this section)] Set Index Device Position - Changes gratings: The answer to the first three prompts is zero (0), then the last prompt, device position, is as follows: 0=grating one (default grating) 1=grating two Set Entrance Mirror - Moves the Entrance Mirror to the front and side positions Set Exit Mirror - Moves the Exit Mirror to the front and side positions 29

38 Initial Power-up and Operation Spectrometer Calibration The spectrometer calibration procedure serves an initial check, prior to running an experiment, that your system s monochromator is properly calibrated and aligned. Note: You must use the software provided with your detector to collect a spectrum and determine the peak pixel position corresponding to the reference peak. If using SynerJY, refer to the Monochromator Calibration procedure of the Help file. 1. Set up a calibration line source, such as a Mercury lamp, on the front entrance slit of the FHR. 2. Make sure your detector is mounted to the exit port. 3. Illuminate the entrance slit with the light source (use safety glasses when working with UV light). 4. Set the slit width to 10 µm and manually adjust the height limiter to 1 mm. 5. Set the wavelength Position to a reference wavelength value (such as a Mercury line at ) 6. Start the detector software, and follow the appropriate procedure for using an (a) CCD or other array detector or (b) single channel detector (PMT, DSS, or Lock-in). a. Set the X-axis to display in Pixels. Collect a spectrum and note the peak pixel position corresponding to the reference peak. If the FHR is calibrated correctly, the peak pixel position should be at the center pixel of the CCD chip (for example, for a 1024 pixel wide CCD chip, the peak should appear at pixel 512). If the peak does not appear at the central pixel, change the center wavelength position until the peak appears in the center of the chip. Record the observed position of the reference peak. b. Scan the grating in the region of the reference peak until the detector reads the maximum signal. Record the observed position of the reference peak. For other gratings, the tolerance scales inversely to g/mm. Note: All calibration scans should be made in the direction of increasing wavelength. When moving to shorter wavelengths, overshoot by at least 10 nm with a 1200 g/mm grating, (or 320 steps in any case) to allow for backlash correction. Backlash correction is automatic with SynerJY for Windows software. Refer to the calibration data shipped with the instrument for the calibration plots that were run on your spectrometer 30 prior to shipment from the factory.

39 31 Initial Power-up and Operation

40 Initial Power-up and Operation 32

41 Chapter 5: System Performance Diffraction Grating Groove Density and System Performance The FHR has been design to accommodate a wide range of interchangeable diffraction gratings. The choice of gratings provides the single most important means of tailoring the performance of the FHR to your specific application. The grating table below shows how the groove density of the grating affects some important performance characteristics. Groove Density (gr/mm) Table V. Grating Table for the FHR640 Typical Typical Typical Linear Array Spectral Dispersion Resolution Coverage (nm/mm) (nm)* (nm)* Scan Range (nm) * Values measured for FHR gratings using a 1024 element array with 26 µm wide pixels and 12 µm entrance slit. Groove Density (gr/mm) Table VI. Grating Table for the FHR1000 Typical Typical Typical Linear Array Spectral Dispersion Resolution Coverage (nm/mm) (nm)* (nm)* Scan Range (nm)

42 System Performance A more detailed explanation of these performance characteristics follows: Linear Dispersion The spectral dispersion is a fundamental characteristic of the spectrograph and directly affects spectral resolution, coverage and wavelength range. Note that these are typical values as the spectral dispersion will vary somewhat depending on the operating wavelength. Array Resolution The Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) wavelength resolution of a spectral line on a focal plane with 26 µm pixels. Spectral Coverage The wavelength range covered by a 26.7 mm focal plane array. Spectral Range The range of the wavelength drive. 34

43 System Performance Slit Settings and Bandpass The slit settings directly affect the spectral resolution and throughput of the system. Table IV shows the relation of slit width to spectral bandpass under the specified conditions. Table VI. Slit Width vs. Bandpass Slit Width Bandpass (nm)* 80 µm mm mm mm mm mm mm 9.4 *For spectrograph configuration, the pixel size in the array detector limits the instrument bandpass. For entrance slit widths above 50 µm, the bandpass is defined by the following formula: BP = Linear Dispersion x Exit Slit Width or Image of Entrance Slit Width (whichever is greater). BP (spectrograph) = Linear Dispersion x (Pixel Width x 3 Pixels) or Entrance Slit Width (whichever is greater) Slit height also has an effect on bandpass, although this only becomes a factor when operating at a bandpass below 1 nm. When better resolution or bandpass is required, and signal strength is not an issue, it is desirable to set the height limiter to the 1 mm setting. For additional information regarding the relationship between slit width and bandpass see section 2.12 of the online tutorial The Optics of Spectroscopy ( 35

44 System Performance Stray Light Rejection The FHR has been designed to minimize any stray light reaching the focal plane. The optical cavity includes blackened baffles and masks to trap unwanted light. In addition, the optical design of the FHR is free from re-diffracted light (re-diffracted light is a source of stray light that involves multiple reflections off the optical components themselves and is therefore very difficult to mask). In addition to these design features, here are some measures that the user can take to reduce stray light: Keep the f/# of the illumination at or above (narrower cone angle) the f/# of the FHR spectrograph (FHR640 f/5.4, FHR1000 f/9.0) Use holographic instead of ruled gratings. Select a grating with a blaze angle optimized for your application. Use an order sorting filter to remove higher orders of unwanted light. For example, when the grating is set to 600 nm, the second order of 300 nm light will also be diffracted at the same position; to remove this unwanted light, a 550 nm long pass filter can be used as an order sorting filter to remove higher orders of light with wavelengths lower than 550 nm. The AFW-C6PM external filter wheel, offered as an optional accessory for the FHR, is recommended for this purpose. See the online tutorial The Optics of Spectroscopy for additional information ( ions/oos/). 36

45 37 System Performance

46 Chapter 6: Troubleshooting Following installation, some applications may require special attention for optimal system performance (see also Chapter 5: System Performance). The following troubleshooting tips are provided to help you maximize experimental results by resolving any potential problem. If you are not able to resolve the problem, please contact HORIBA Jobin Yvon. Unit Fails to Turn On If the unit fails to turn on, check that: The power cord is connected to the power converter. The power cord is plugged into a live outlet. Spectrometer Does not Respond to any Commands If the spectrometer is powered on, but is not responding to any commands, check that: The grating is properly installed (see the Grating Installation section of Chapter 3). All external cables are connected (see the Connecting Electrical Interface Cables section of Chapter 3). The system s software or firmware configuration matches the actual hardware configuration. Refer to the software documentation for more information on creating, editing, or loading a hardware configuration. 38

47 Troubleshooting Spectrometer Responds Only to Some Commands If the spectrometer is powered on, and responds only to some commands, check that: The failing command is valid. The parameters entered must be within limits for that drive or function. If you purchased software from HORIBA Jobin Yvon, refer to the provided software documentation to check that the device you want to control is configured properly. If you are running your own software, stop your program and load the software provided with the system to see if the device in question can be controlled. Your computer meets the requirements specified by the software you are using to operate the FHR. Wavelength Drive and/or Accessories do not Move If the spectrometer is powered on, but the wavelength drive and/or accessories are not moving, check that: The grating is working properly: With the power off, remove the turret cover of the FHR and gently move the turret partially through its range of motion. When the system is powered, the device should return to its home position. All external cables are connected (see the Connecting Electrical Interface Cables section of Chapter 3). You pay particular attention to interfacing setup connections and parameters if you are using your own software/program. Background Signal Very High, Background Reduced when Room Lights are Turned Off If the background signal appears very high, and is reduced when the room lights are turned off, check that: All covers are securely in place. The area between the source or sample and the entrance slit is enclosed, and light tight. Block the entrance slit as a test. All openings and screw holes are plugged. 39

48 Troubleshooting Noisy Signal If the signal appears very noisy, check that: There are no light leaks (see the section on Stray Light Rejection in Chapter 5). If turning off the spectrometer reduces noise, rearrange power connections to be sure the spectrometer, source, and detector are tied to the same ground and, if possible, the same power circuits. 40

49 41 Troubleshooting

50 Appendix A: Dimensional Drawings Note: All drawings are shown in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. Figure 17. FHR640 Dimensional Drawings 42

51 Troubleshooting Figure 18. FHR1000 Dimensional Drawings 43

52 Appendix B: FHR Series Interface Connector Pin Assignments RS232 Interface connector Pin# Name Function 2 RXD Receives data 3 TXD Transmits data 5 Ground Reference/ return for all other lines 6 DSR Data Set Ready (to receive a byte) 9 +5V To assert other lines high as req. for additional handshaking IEEE488 Interface connector Contact# Name Function 1 DIO 1 Data input / output line 2 DIO 2 Data input / output line 3 DIO 3 Data input / output line 4 DIO 4 Data input / output line 5 EOI (24) End Or Identify 6 DAV Data Valid 7 NRFD Not Ready For Data 8 NDAC Not Data Accepted 9 IFC Interface Clear 10 SRQ Service Request 11 ATN Attention 12 SHIELD Protective Shield 13 DIO 5 Data input / output line 14 DIO 6 Data input / output line 15 DIO 7 Data input / output line 16 DIO 8 Data input / output line 17 REN (24) Remote Enable 18 GND (6) Signal ground for DAV 19 GND (7) Signal ground for NRFD 20 GND (8) Signal ground for NDAC 21 GND (9) Signal ground for IFC 22 GND (10) Signal ground for SRQ 23 GND (11) Signal ground for ATN 24 GND LOGIC Signal ground for EOI, REN 44

53 45 Troubleshooting

54 Appendix C: Accessories Listing Table VII. Available Accessories for the FHR Series Accessory Part Number* Adapters Required CCD adapter, front exit CCD adapter, side exit Computer controlled front entrance slit, 0-2 mm in 2 µm steps Computer controlled side entrance slit, 0-2 mm in 2 µm steps Computer controlled side exit slit, 0-2 mm in 2 µm steps Motorized swing away entrance mirror Contact Factory Motorized swing away exit mirror Contact Factory Single grating mount, 110 mm x 110 mm Dual grating turret, 80 mm x 110 mm CCD shutter for front entrance port CCD shutter for side entrance port Double CCD shutter C-mount flange, female Contact Factory C-mount flange, male Contact Factory M28 thread type adapter Contact Factory Fiber entrance adapter, SMA OFASMA-FHR Fiber mount with x-y adjust, 10 mm and ¼ ferrule AFO-XY 100 W Tungsten-Halogen light source in LSH series housing with LSH-100 focusing mirror, f/6 250 W Tungsten-Halogen light source in LSH series housing with LSH-250 focusing mirror, f/6 Adapter to mount LSH series housing directly to slits LSH-A270 Globar light source with IR pencil emitter in LSH series housing with LSH-GB focusing mirror, f/6 Adapter to mount LSH housing to an ACH-C chopper LSH-C LSH-A270, LPS-250 LSH-A270, LPS-250 LSH-A270, LPS

55 Troubleshooting Accessory Part Number* Adapters Required Enclosed compact chopper designed for use with AFW- C6P(M). Manual 6 position filter wheel up to 6 1 diameter filters. SampleMax VIS Lens based universal sample SampleMax UV Lens based universal sample Solid sample holder for SampleMax DSS detectors DSS detector interface ACH-C AFW-C6P ASC-VIS ACS-UV ASC-SSOL Requires ASC-VIS or ASC-UV Contact Factory 1427B PMT detectors Contact Factory 450W Xe lamp housing FL-1039 FL-450XOFR Ozone-free Xe bulb FL-450XOFR FL

56 Appendix D: Declaration of Conformity According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and EN Manufacturer: HORIBA Jobin Yvon S.A.S. Address: rue du Canal Longjumeau Cedex, France Product Name: FHR Series Spectrometer Model Names: FHR 640, FHR 1000 Product Options: All options and customized products based on the above. Conforms to the following European Directives: The product herewith complies with the requirements of CE Directive 93/68/EEC, the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC, and the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC and 92/31/EEC and carries the CE Marking accordingly. Safety: EN : 06/2001 EMC: Emissions EN (Radiated & Conducted Emissions) Immunity EN (ESD) EN (Radiated Immunity) EN (EFT) EN (Surge) EN (Conducted Immunity) EN (Mains Voltage Dips & Interrupts) Other: EN (Harmonic Emission) EN (Flicker) Ground Continuity Dilectric Strength Vice-President HORIBA Jobin Yvon S.A.S rue du Canal Longjumeau Cedex France September 20,

57 Appendix D: Mounting Accessories to the ihr320 49

58 Appendix E: Mounting Accessories to the FHR Slit Mounting Holes Tapped holes on the slit body provide an easy means of attaching accessories to the FHR. They are also useful for interfacing the FHR with the customer s experiments and equipment. When interfacing with the FHR, it is important to know the distance from the mounting face of the slit body to the slits Figure 19. Slit Mounting Hole Locations 50

59 Appendix E: Mounting Accessories to the FHR Accessories A wide range of accessories can be used with the FHR. Most accessories can be mounted directly to the slit assembly or to the slit assembly via an adapter. The following are procedures for mounting commonly used accessories to the FHR. Female C-mount Adapter When attached to the slit assembly, this C-mount adapter provides a mounting surface with the standard female C-mount thread. The distance from the face of the mounting surface to the slits is 17.5 mm (0.69 in), the C-mount standard. This allows use of any standard C-mount lens so that the lens will focus an object at infinity onto the slits. To attach the C-mount adapter, place the C-mount adapter against the slit assembly and use four M3 x 10 mm flat head screws to attach the adapter to the slit as shown below. Figure 20. Attachment of C-mount Adapter 51