Study on implementation of flood early warning system with internet of things in peri-urban settlement of Palembang for sustainability

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS Study on implementation of flood early warning system with internet of things in peri-urban settlement of Palembang for

1 IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS Study on implementation of flood early warning system with internet of things in peri-urban settlement of Palembang for sustainability To cite this article: A Supani et al 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address on 25/12/2018 at 08:07

2 Study on implementation of flood early warning system with internet of things in peri-urban settlement of Palembang for sustainability A Supani 1,2, Y Andriani 2, A Taqwa 1 and Ciksadan 1 1 State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Srijaya Negara Street,Palembang 30139,Indonesia 2 Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang-Prabumulih Road, Ogan Ilir Regency, Indonesia ahyarsupani@polsri.ac.id Abstract. Community role is very important to solve flood by developing flood early warning system using Internet of Things namely combining a SMS gateway and a wi-fi network module. This research is about a study of both modules and community s response to system applied or not in peri-urban settlement of Palembang for sustainability. The conducted methodology is identification of strengths and weaknesses of some variables and community s responses of two system. Survey resulted that community needs flood early warning system with information technology using SMS to prevent flood risk impact and sustainability. Keywords: Internet of Things, flood early warning system, peri-urban settlement, sustainability, community s response 1. Introduction Communities play in role to respond flood impacts and causes as early warning. The community responses based on user s need as stated on [7] in field of agriculture. The community s responses study does not use an information technology yet. And then, Information technology have developed rapidly recently, so that the community responses should be migrated to Internet of Things (IoT) such as both wi-fi network and short message service (SMS) gateway in percieving early alert of flood. An IoT is a network of connected embedded objects or devices, with identifiers, in which a communication using standard communication protocol can happen without human intervention as stated on [4] in [5]. IoT as stated on [8] functions for instance overall perception of information, reliable transmission of information and intelligent processing of information have achieved the object of intelligent control and management. The characteristics of IoT have provide effective guarantee for ahead of perception and precaution, advance to prevent and avoiding serious accidents in the field of mine safety production. And the charecteristics of IoT should be also applied on flood early warning system as stated on [1,2] with wi-fi network connecting to internet. Short Message Service (SMS) is used to send text messages to mobile phones. The messages can typically be up to 160 characters in length, though some services use 5-bit mode, which supports 224 characters. And then SMS could be executed directly without human as operator called a SMS gateway. A SMS gateway allows a computer to send or receive Short Message Service (SMS) transmissions to or from a telecommunications network. Most messages are eventually routed into the mobile phone Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by Ltd 1

networks. Many SMS gateways support media conversion from email and other formats. SMS gateway could also be applied to flood early warning system as stated on [1,2].

3 networks. Many SMS gateways support media conversion from and other formats. SMS gateway could also be applied to flood early warning system as stated on [1,2]. Further, researcher needs to get community s response for two systems. Which system is easier to give information, easy to use, and more economical. For those, it is needed community s response to two systems with survey method using quesionnaire instrument. The main objectives of this paper describe the impacts of flood early warning system implementation with both wi-fi network and SMS gateway modules in peri-urban settlement of Palembang to know community s responses to two flood early warning systems and flood impacts. The conducted methodology is to develope a wi-fi network and SMS gateway for a flood early warning system, to identify strenghts and weaknesses of flood early warning system with both wi-fi network and SMS modules, to survey in two peri-urban locations namely Ilir Barat II and Kertapati sub-district of Palembang by giving a questionairre and interviewing directly to households, community elders, neigborhood associations and village heads as respondents. Last step, to study and analyze the resulted data of flood early warning system tested for each module. 2. Internet of Things As per Garner research in [5] the growth in the smart technology is getting more increasingly each year as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Gartner forecast on growth of pillars of smart city Source: [5] The standar stages as stated on [5] in [2] and [2] are recognized in setting up an IoT system as follow: The sensor that collects the data from the environment (including the identification address of the sensor) An application that is used to collect and analyze this data to infer knowledge from it. Decision making and transmitting of information to the necessary hubs. Actuators and big data analytics is used for the same. The typical structure of an IoT solution as stated on [5] is realized as shown in Figure 2. It has a set of sensors that measure any change in the environment. The data measured are to be transmitted to a central/decentralized system via a connectivity like 3G, Bluetooth, Zigbee etc. depending on the distance and data speed required. Figure 2. Framework for an IoT system. Source: [5] 2

3. SMS Gateway SMS gateway [9] is a device or service offering SMS transit: transforming messages to mobile network traffic from other media, or vice versa, allowing transmission or receipt of SMS

4 3. SMS Gateway SMS gateway [9] is a device or service offering SMS transit: transforming messages to mobile network traffic from other media, or vice versa, allowing transmission or receipt of SMS messages with or without the use of a mobile phone. Typical use of a gateway would be to forward simple to a mobile phone recipient. SMS gateway is most fast and reliable way for mass/bulk SMS sending. It deals with mobile service provider and sends SMS with sender identity as textual sender ID and authentication. This system is developed for improving gateway user security. Figure 3. describes the overall structure of the project it has three main level of execution. First level where user will access web based on application and assemble SMS with basic header like receiver mobile number and message to send to the receiver. This message has been sent to second level that is at web server level where it will modify message by applying some security header to SMS and pass it to the SMS gateway now SMS gateway will send this message to receiver mobile phone. Major advantage of this system is protection of security header and providing service to the clients along with this service will let the administrator track the service utilization of every user if the service is free to client. Figure 3. Overall structure of SMS gateway Source:[9] 4. WiFi Client WiFi client hardware design that has been built is shown in Figure 4 as stated on [6]. On the WiFi client, it uses esp8266 as communication modules and connected in series with the microcontroller. Esp8266 is radio-based protocol TCP / IP stack. Esp8266 works at a frequency of 2.4 GHz which can be integrated with sensors and other electronic devices using GPIO. Figure 4. WiFi client design Source:[6] 5. Methodes The methodes conducted on studying the paper were as follows : to develop a part of flood early warning system with SMS gateway. Observation, identification and analysis of strenghts and weaknesses using SMS gateway module. In developing a flood early warning system with SMS gateway as shown in Figure 5. A flood early warning system consists 3

5 of two inputs : water level and rainfall, both of them are computed values for water level in metres and rainfall in ml/menutes, advance to predict the flood status based on two variables with fuzzy logic in microcontroller [1,2]. Then, the predicted results that happen probably flood, water level and rainfall are transmiited direcly to people s cellular phone automaticly. Figure 5. Structure of flood early warning system with SMS gateway Source:[1,2] to develop a part of flood early warning system with wi-fi network. Observation, identification and analysis of strengths and weaknesses using wi-fi module. In developing a flood early warning system with wi-fi network as shown in Figure 6. The module has also two inputs namely water level and rainfall and predicts them using fuzzylogic to get result flood status, in which flood status has three status : Standby2, Standby 1 and flood. Three variables are stored in memory [1,2]. Figure 6. Structure of flood early warning system with wi-fi network Figure 6. Model Flood Early Warning System with Wi-Fi Network Source:[1,2] Comparing strengths and weaknesses with both SMS gateway and wi-fi modules in a table. Giving a questionnaire and interviewing to community in peri-urban settlement of Palembang that always happens flood. The questioned variables to respondent are about respondent data, impacts of flood, resiliency indicators. Number of respondents are 20 households to know public perception of flood impact and in-depth interviews to households, community elders, neighborhood associations and village heads. 6. Result and Discussions Results of SMS gateway module as shown in Figure 7 were SMS of flood eraly warning system recieved by community s handphone. Contents of SMS were rainfall, water level and flood status in text. 4

consisting of a) water level, rainfall againts time with green indicator as flood status, b) water level, rainfall againts time with yellow indicator as flood status, c)water level, rainfall againts

6 Figure 7. data of water level, rainfall and flood status with (a) standby2; (b) standby1 and flood Results of wi-fi network module as shown in Figure 8 are data access of flood early warning system with wi-fi consisting of a) water level, rainfall againts time with green indicator as flood status, b) water level, rainfall againts time with yellow indicator as flood status, c)water level, rainfall againts time with red indicator as flood status. Figure 8. Graphs of water level, rainfall and flood status with (a) green light; (b) yellow light; (c) red light Table 1 describes strengths and weaknesses of both SMS gateway as shown in Figure 7 and wi-fi as shown in Figure 8 module. Variable of device need for community, if it uses two modules that SMS gateway supports community s handphone with low specification. It means developing SMS gateway more economical. And then, variable of need for developing system, strengths of SMS gateway only appends simcard and modem, meanwhile wi-fi network needs simcard, wi-fi module and application program. The weaknesses of two modules, for SMS gateway that simcard number must be written in source code of flood early warning system as technical way, while for wi-fi network must develope hotspot and data packet. It means that SMS gateway development is more economical. Table 1. Strengths and weakness comparison of flood early warning system with SMS gateway and wi-fi with memory Variables Device need for community SMS gateway Wi-fi network Strengths Weaknesses Strengths Weaknesses All types of Simcard Community handphone must keep must use Simcard has active smartphone pulse or no, if it 5

7 Variables SMS gateway Wi-fi network Strengths Weaknesses Strengths Weaknesses still has grace time, it still fuctions recieving message It must has data packet It must keep simcard active and data packet Need for developing system Time to get information Information display Data access Social Simcard modem Any time, real time Indicator of flood status is in text. Values of water level, rainfall is displayed One way Unlimited distance Decreasing physicology aspect every community simcard number sent data of flood early warning system must be written in source code Cellphone must active Not all of data predicted are sent Only recieving data There is probable community getting no data one application program can be cloned and shared Simcard Module wi-fi Anytime it can access data before bacause data stored in memory Graphs of water level and rainfall move againts time in real time Flood status indicator with green, yellow, red is easy to understand by community Values of water level, rainfall is displayed Bidirectional way Decreasing physicology aspect It must be developing hotspot and memory Data packet must be available Community must access data standby to know flood status in time. Probably fail access data bacause limited distance between hotspot and reciever There is probable community getting no data Next variable is time to get information. Time of data access for SMS gateway that is developed in flood early information system is anytime and realtime recieving the information of water level, rainfall 6

8 and flood status. Meanwhile time of data access of wi-fi network is dependence of application program whether active or not and there is not sound indicator. So, usage of SMS gateway is more practical and there is sound indicator alerting incoming message. And then variable of data display, SMS gateway only displays texts for information of flood early warning system. Meanwhile wi-fi network displays graph of parameters of water level, rainfall and different colour light indicator. It shows that wi-fi module gets result of good display. And variable of data access, usage of SMS gateway is only one way and unlimited, meanwhile wi-fi network module has bidirectional way and limited distance depending on hotspot to reciever. So, data access based on distance is very good. For usage of two modules, social aspect shows decrease of community physicology because information of flood status are recieved earlier. Furthermore, processing and analyzing survey results of respondents for community s perception to flood impact reduce, respondent age is years old. There are 75 % respondent having years old and rest are years old. The education background of respondent having years old is 25 % of senior high school and 55 % of bachelor where they are in productive age. The respondent thought in this age group is certain logic in answering question based on facts. Community s knowledge variable to flood is on good status that is 100 %. Respondent behaviour towards flood emergency response is reconstructuring house pillar higher and protecting home by constructing home fence higher answered 55 % because they have constructed it. For repondent behaviour towards creating property place is 25 % and towards applying flood early warning with information technology of both SMS and WiFi is 35 % aggreeable and 65 % very agreeable. Table 2 shows community s response to flood early warning system with SMS gateway and WiFi, if applied. Table 2. Community s response to flood early warning system with SMS gateway and wi-fi, if applied No. Variables 1. How do you think, if flood early warning system using information technology is applied in periurban settlement, e.g handphone? 2. How do you think, if flood early warning system with SMS is applied? 3. How do you think, if flood early warning system with SMS is applied by community cost as personal? 4. How do you think, if flood early warning system with SMS is applied by community share-cost? 5. How do you think, if flood early warning system with SMS is applied by community share-cost, a number IDR ,-? 6. How do you think, if maintenance and repair cost of flood early warning system with SMS is with community share-cost responsibility? 7. How do you think, if flood early warning system with WiFi network is applied? 8. How do you think, if graph of water level, rainfall and color light as flood status indicator display on your smartphone? 9. How do you think, if installment cost of flood early warning with WiFi network is more expensive than SMS gateway? 10. How do you think, if operational cost of flood early warning with WiFi network is more Percentage of agreeable level very not enough agreeable agreeable

9 No. Variables expensive than SMS gateway? 11. How do you think, if flood early warning system with SMS gives purpose for anticipating risk that will happen? 12. How do you think, if flood early warning system with WiFi network gives purpose for anticipating risk that will happen? Percentage of agreeable level very not enough agreeable agreeable Variable of implementation of flood early warning with SMS was answered 35 % agreeable and 65 % very agreeable. Meanwhile its implementation to community, if installment cost with responsibility as personal was answered all of not agreeable but share-cost was answered 70 % agreeable, 20 % enought agreeable and 10 % not agreeable. For operational cost of the system was answered 40 % very agreeable, 25 % agreeable, 20 % enought agreeable and 15 % not agreeable. And then, implementation of flood early warning system with WiFi network was answered 5 % very agreeable, 60 % agreeable and 35 % enought agreeable. While variable of instalment cost of flood early warning system with WiFi network more expensive than SMS gateway was answered 45 % not agreeable, 20 % enought agreeable and 35% agreeable. Operasional cost with WiFi network more expensive than SMS gateway was answered 50 % not agreeable and 50 % enought ageeable. Variable of flood early warning system with SMS gateway and WiFi network giving purpose for anticipating flood will happen was answered 100 %. All of respondent replied that community tends to approve flood early warning system with SMS and also agree very much if flood early warning system is applied in peri-urban community settlement due to purpose for sustainability. 7. Conclusions Peri-urban settlement community need flood early warnings system with technology due to purpose for sustainability. By comparing between economical aspect dan modul usage based on variables of device needs for community, need for developing system, time to get information and data access showing more economical and practical, so community tends to want implemetation of flood early warning system with SMS. 8. References [1] A. Supani, S. Widodo, & M. Agustin, (2017a). A flood early warning system design based on water level using fuzzy logic and short message service gateway, Advanced Science Letter, 23, [2] A. Supani, Yuli Andirani, Ahmad Taqwa. (2017b). Design of flood early warning system with wi-fi network based on smartphone, Paper presented at the 3 rd International Conference on Construction and Building Engineering, Palembang August 2017, Indonesia. Accepted to AIP Conference Proceedings. [3] Bandyopadhyay & J. Sen. (2011). Internet of things: Applications and challenges in technology and standardization, Wireless personal Communications, 58, 1, [4] J. Gubbi, R. Buyya, S. Marusic, & M. Palaniswami. (2013). Internet of things (iot): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions, Future Generation Computer Systems, 29, [5] Praveen Vijai, & P. Bagavathi Sivakumar. (2016). Design of IoT Systems and Analytics in the context of Smart City initiatives in India, Procedia Computer Science, 92, [6] Rifki Muhendra et al. (2017). Development of WiFi mesh infrastructure for Internet of Things applications, Procedia engineering, 170,

10 [7] S.H.M. Fakhruddin, Akiyuki Kawasaki, Mukand S. & Babel. (2015). Community responses to flood early warning system: Case study in Kaijuri Union, Bangladesh, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, [8] WEI quiping et. al. (2011). Study on key technologies of Internet of Things perceiving mine, Procedia engineering, 26, [9] Veena K.Katankar, & V.M.Thakare. (2010). Short Message Service using SMS Gateway, International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering, 02, 04, Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Grant of Research, Technology and High Education Ministry Funding of Indonesia. 9

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