MOBILE AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

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1 MOBILE AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

2 IEEE Press 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway, NJ IEEE Press Editorial Board Robert J. Herrick, Editor in Chief J. B. Anderson S. Furui P. Laplante P. M. Anderson A. H. Haddad M. Padgett M. Eden S. Kartalopoulos W. D. Reeve M. E. El-Hawary D. Kirk G. Zobrist Kenneth Moore, Director of IEEE Press Karen Hawkins, Executive Editor John Griffin, Acquisition Editor Marilyn G. Catis, Assistant Editor Anthony VenGraitis, Project Editor IEEE Communications Society, Sponsor COMM-S Liaison to IEEE Press, Salah Aidarous Cover design: William T. Donnelly, WT Design Technical Reviewers Dr. Mehmet Ulema, Daewoo Telecom Ltd., New Jersey R&D Center Professor Roshdy H.M. Hafez, Carleton University, Ontario, Canada Books in the IEEE Press Series on Digital & Mobile Communication DIGITAL TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING John B. Anderson 1999 Hardcover 400 pp IEEE Order No. PC5714 ISBN FUNDAMENTALS OF CONVOLUTIONAL CODING Rolf Johannesson and Kamil Sh. Zigangirov 1999 Hardcover 448 pp IEEE Order No. PC5739 ISBN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS: Principles and Practices A Prentice-Hall book published in cooperation with IEEE Press Theodore S. Rappaport 1996 Hardcover 656 pp IEEE Order No. PC5641 ISBN FUTURE TALK: The Changing Wireless Game Ron Schneiderman 1997 Hardcover 272 pp IEEE Order No. PC5679 ISBN

3 MOBILE AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICES AND SYSTEMS Raj Pandya IEEE Communications Society, Sponsor IEEE PRESS John B. Anderson, Series Editor The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York

4 This book and other books may be purchased at a discount from the publisher when ordered in bulk quantities. Contact: IEEE Press Marketing Attn: Special Sales Piscataway, NJ Fax: (732) For more information about IEEE Press products, visit the IEEE Home Page: by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, 17 th Floor, New York, NY All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, nor may it be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN IEEE Order Number PC5395 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pandya, Raj, Mobile and personal communication services and systems / Raj Pandya. p. cm. (IEEE Press series on digital & mobile communication) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN Personal communication service systems. 2. Mobile communication systems. I. Title. II. Series. III. IEEE series on mobile & digital communication. TK P dc CIP

5 To the memory of my parents, Shreenath and Sita Pandya

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7 CONTENTS Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Chapter 1 Introduction Enabling Concepts for Mobile and Personal Communications Terminal Mobility, Personal Mobility, and Service Portability The Intelligent Network (IN) Concept Mobile and Personal Communication: Past, Present, and Future The Past The Present The Future Mobile and Personal Communication: Some Related Network Aspects References 13 Vll

8 viii Contents Chapter 2 The Cellular Concept and Its Initial Implementations The Cellular Concept Multiple Access Technologies for Cellular Systems Cellular System Operation and Planning: General Principles System Architecture Location Updating and Call Setup Handoff and Power Control Initial Implementations of the Cellular Concept: Analog Cellular Systems The AMPS System The TAGS System The NMT System The NTT System Concluding Remarks References 26 Chapter 3 Digital Cellular Mobile Systems Introduction GSM: The European TDMA Digital Cellular Standard GSM Standardization and Service Aspects GSM Reference Architecture and Function Partitioning GSM Radio Aspects Security Aspects GSM Protocol Model Typical Call Flow Sequences in GSM Evolutionary Directions for GSM IS-136: The North American TDMA Digital Cellular Standard (D-AMPS) Background on North American Digital Cellular Service Aspects of D-AMPS (IS-136) Network Reference Model Radio Aspects 57

9 Contents ix Security Aspects Protocol Model and Typical Flow Sequences Evolutionary Directions PDC: The Japanese TDMA Digital Cellular Standard Radio Aspects of PDC Signaling Structure in PDC PDC Network Configuration IS-95: The North American CDMA Digital Cellular Standard Introduction Service Aspects Network Reference Model and Security Aspects Radio Aspects Some Key Features of IS-95 CDMA Systems Evolutionary Directions Concluding Remarks References 87 Chapter 4 Low Power Wireless Communications Systems and North American PCS Background CT2 (Cordless Telephony 2) Systems Introduction Radio Aspects Layer 1 Signaling Layer 2 and Layer 3 Signaling DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications Introduction Radio Aspects DECT Radio Link: Layered Architecture DECT Network Aspects DECT/GSM Interworking PACS (Personal Access Communication System) Introduction Functional Architecture for PACS 109

10 x Contents PACS Radio Aspects General Systems Aspects in PACS PHS (Personal Handy Phone System) Introduction PHS Radio Aspects PHS Network and Protocol Aspects PCS in North America Introduction Frequency Spectrum Allocation for PCS in the United States Radio Interface Standards: PCS Licensed Band Networking for PCS Licensed Band Deployment of PCS in the Licensed Band PCS Standards in the Unlicensed Band Concluding Remarks References 135 Chapter 5 Mobile Data Communications Introduction Specialized Packet and Mobile Radio Networks Circuit-Switched Data Services on Cellular Networks Circuit-Switched Data on Analog Cellular Networks Circuit-Switched Data on Digital Cellular Networks (Low Speed) High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data in GSM (HSCSD) Packet-Switched Data Services on Cellular Networks Packet Data in Analog Cellular Networks: CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data) Packet Data in Digital Cellular 153

11 Contents xi Evolution of Cellular Mobile Data Capabilities: The EDGE Concept Data Over Low Power Wireless or Cordless Telecommunications Networks Data Services Over DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) Data Services in PACS (Personal Access Communication System) Data Services in PHS (Personal Handyphone System) Data Services in CT2 (Cordless Telephony 2) Wireless Local-Area Networks (wireless LANs) Background IEEE Wireless LANs High Performance European Radio LAN (HIPERLAN) Support of Mobility on the Internet: Mobile IP Mobile Multimedia: Wireless ATM (WATM) LLC Sublayer MAC Sublayer Physical Sublayer Wireless Control Mobility Management Concluding Remarks References 183 Chapter 6 IMT-2000: Third-Generation Mobile Communication Systems Introduction Background IMT-2000 Vision IMT-2000 Evolution Aspects IMT-2000 Radio Aspects Radio Spectrum for IMT Radio Transmission Technologies (RTTs) for IMT Global Radio Control Channel 199

12 Xll Contents 6.3 IMT-2000 Network Aspects General The IMT-2000 Family-of-Systems Concept Functional Network Architecture for IMT Summary of Regional Initiatives on IMT Initiatives in Europe Initiatives in North America Initiatives in Asia Other Initiatives (Third- Generation Partnerships Projects Concluding Remarks References 213 Chapter 7 Global Mobile Satellite Systems Introduction The Iridium System The Globalstar System The ICO System The Teledesic System Summary Tables for the Iridium, Globalstar, ICO, and Teledesic Systems Concluding Remarks References 234 Chapter 8 Personal Mobility and Universal Personal Telecommunication (UPT) Introduction UPT: Concept and Service Aspects The UPT Concept UPT Service Features UPT Service Profile Parameters Functional Architecture for UPT Numbering, Routing, and Billing Aspects UPT Number (UPTN) and Personal User Identity (PUI) Outcall Registration and Incall Routing and Delivery Charging and Billing Aspects of UPT 242

13 Contents xiii 8.5 Scenarios for Partitioning and Location of Service Profile Information Access Security Requirements for UPT Access Security: General Aspects UPT Access Security: Implementation Options Concluding Remarks References 250 Appendix A Numbers and Identities for Mobile and Personal Communication Networks 253 A.1 Introduction 253 A.2 Role of Mobile/PCS Station Numbers and Identities 255 A.3 International Standards on Numbering and Identities 256 A.3.1 The International Public Telecommunication Numbering Plan: ITU-T Recommendation E A.3.2 Identification Plan for Mobile Terminals and Mobile Users: ITU-T Recommendation E A.3.3 Numbering Plan for Mobile Networks: ITU-T Recommendation E A.3.4 Structure for the Land Mobile Global Title: ITU-T Recommendation E A.3.5 Numbering Plan for UPT: ITU-T Recommendation E A.4 Usage of Mobile/PCS Numbers and Identities in North America (WZ1) 263 A.4.1 Mobile and PCS Station Numbers 263 A.4.2 Mobile and PCS Station/ Subscriber Identities 264 A.5 Terminal Equipment Identities 267 A.6 Numbers and Identities for IMT A.7 Concluding Remarks 270 A.8 References 271

14 xiv Contents Appendix B Performance Benchmarks for Mobile and Personal Communication Systems and Networks 273 B.1 Introduction 273 B.2 Performance Categories 274 B.3 Traffic Performance 276 B.3.1 General Concepts 276 B.3.2 Traffic Performance Benchmarks 280 B.4 Reliability/Availability Performance 285 B.4.1 General Concepts and B.4.2 Definitions 285 Reliability Performance Benchmarks 286 B.5 Transmission Performance 289 B.6 Concluding Remarks 291 B.7 References 292 Appendix C Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in the Book 293 Index 311 About the Author 334

15 PREFACE The idea and the scope for the book emerged from my own experience in attempting to acquire a good understanding of the rapidly evolving field of mobile and personal communication systems and standards, at a reasonable level of detail and breadth of coverage. Generally, one comes across either books that cover a range of technologies with very high-level descriptions suitable for a very broad, almost nontechnical audience, or books that address a specific technology or topic at a level of detail suitable only for a narrow audience of specialists. The book attempts to bridge this divide, with the text targeted at telecommunications professionals who are looking for a clear understanding of the basic technology, architecture, and applications associated with the current and future mobile communication systems, services, and standards. In terms of the depth and breadth of coverage, the book is therefore aimed to serve the following purposes and audiences as: a technical training text and guide for scientists, who expect to engage in planning and design of mobile and personal communication systems and networks for equipment vendors and network operators. a reference text for technical managers in areas of planning, engineering, and marketing of mobile and personal communication products and services. an introductory text for senior engineering and science students at the university and technical college level. Thus, the primary objective of the book is to provide a systems engineering view of mobile and personal communication systems and services, and their evolution toward next-generation systems. Topics like analog and digital cellular, cordless telephony, mobile data communications, global mobile satellite systems, next-generation wireless systems, and personal mobility systems constitute the mainstream components of to- XV

16 xvi Preface day's mobile and personal communications scenario, and they form the bulk of the subject matter for this book. Two additional and important topics addressed in this book are numbering and identities and performance benchmarks for mobile and personal communications networks, which are directly associated with wide-area roaming and the user-perceived quality of service (QOS), respectively. Even though seamless wide-area roaming and improved QOS are emerging as key user requirements, a comprehensive treatment of numbers and identities and performance benchmarks in mobile network operations and system design is not readily available. To fill this gap, Appendixes A and B address these two topics, providing a useful source of relevant materials and applicable standards. The book also attempts to provide the reader with some insight into relevant standardization activities associated with mobile and personal communications. The frequency spectrum is a key resource that needs to be shared and deployed efficiently and effectively by the wide range of wireless systems. Furthermore, to ensure end-to-end delivery of services, these wireless networks have to interwork and interoperate not only with each other, but also with public networks (PSTN, ISDN, PDN, Internet, etc.). Thus, international, regional, and national standards play a very important and critical role in the development of mobile and personal communication systems. The direction and shape of these emerging standards are to a large extent based on inputs from the broad wireless industry (operators, vendors, and regulators) and, therefore, reflect their collective and aggregated view. Some understanding of standardization activities around the world is therefore necessary to fully appreciate the emerging markets and technologies. In a book like this which addresses systems, services, and standards aspects of mobile and personal communications frequent use of acronyms and abbreviations is almost inevitable and unavoidable. To partly alleviate the readers' frustration in dealing with this perennial problem, these terms are spelled out as often as is practical, and an extensive list of acronyms and abbreviations is provided as Appendix C. Raj Pandya Kanata, Ontario Canada

17 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge the contributions and support provided by my family, friends, and colleagues toward completion of this book. Special appreciation is due to the members of my family: my wife Margaret, daughter Malini, son Ravi, and daughter-in-law Linda, for their continued support and encouragement during the ups and downs of this long journey. Raj Pandya Kanata, Ontario Canada XVII

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MOBILE AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

MOBILE AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICES AND SYSTEMS IEEE Press 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 IEEE Press Editorial Board Robert J. Herrick, Editor in Chief J. B. Anderson S.