The Administrator Guide Of IP Phone

Transcription

1 The Administrator Guide Of IP Phone

2 Specification Note In this manual, the mark indicates that the specification or feature described there may be not available yet and is reserved for the future. Copyright Notice Copyright, All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in retrieval system or translated in to any language or computer language, in any from or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Owner (The Company). The Company reserves the right to revise the publication and make changes from time to time in the contents hereof without obligation of this company to notify person of such revision or changes. The material contained herein is supplied without representation or warranty of any kind. The Company therefore assumes no responsibility and shall have no liability of any kind arising from the supply or use of this document or the material contained herein. Trademarks Windows 98/2000/XT/NT, NetMeeting, Internet Explorer and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All company, brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

3 Table of Contents 1. THE INTRODUCTION FOR ADMINISTRATION Associating VoIP Phone System With Traditional PBX New Application with IP-Enabled PBX System Advanced VoIP Solution in Enterprise Office THE DEFINITION OF PARTS Definition of Keys The Definition of LED Status The Definition of Programmable Features THE ADMINISTRATION SETTING IN MENUS HOW TO CONFIGURE IP PHONE THRU WEB PAGE The Introduction of IP Phone Web The Description Of Fields In IP Phone Web The Operation With Web Server THE IP PHONE MANAGEMENT TOOLS The IP Phone Tools Overview How To Upgrade The IP Phone Firmware HOW TO USE SERVERS TO SUPPORT IP PHONES The System Architecture Overview The Log Operation with Gatekeeper The Operation of DHCP Server The Operation With SNTP Server The Operation With DNS Server The Operation With FTP Server...41 Copyright, All rights reserved,

4 6.7 The Operation With Telnet HOW TO HANDLING NAT AND PORT ADDRESS H.323 Protocols and Port Usage RAS Message And Port Setting Q.931 Call Signaling And Port Setting The influence of NAT to the H.323 communications Built-in Virtual H.323 Proxy With Port Mapping Setting Built-in Virtual H.323 Proxy of The IP Phone Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

5 Chapter 1 1. The Introduction For Administration The IP phone provides a variety of functions for user and can support a wide range of application from simple to complicated environment. Therefore, it needs an Administrator to plan, install and set the whole environment of VoIP communications. Especially for a powerful architecture or requirements, the knowledge of modern networking and Internet technologies are essential for the IP phone application. In principle, the Administration is required to do the following things: (1) To understand the architecture, resources, and devices of whole environment which will be involved with the VoIP communications. (2) To plan the VoIP network and prepare all necessary materials what will need for or happen to the introduction of the IP phone. (3) To build a common setting file for most users. (4) To configure each phone and install then into the network. (5) And to solve the problems what users encounter during operation. For (3), (4) and (5) items above, the Administrator could utilize the following items in the Table 1.1 to work out. Table 1.1 The Major Support Items For Administration Media Items for usage The Description and What to do with 1 Inside the CD-ROM Firmware image file To be downloaded to the IP phone. It can be put into the download server. 2 Inside the CD-ROM Application Reference Book It is very useful for Administrator to study first before an implementation of an application. Please find a reference model of application and take a practice. 3 PC s browser Web Page of IP Phone To configure the IP phone with a browser running in a PC. 4 Inside the CD-ROM IP Phone Tool (.exe) To administrate the IP phone and collect all logs of its network activities for analysis. 5 The Phone Menus Mode For setting major configurations of the phone 1.1 Associating VoIP Phone System With Traditional PBX At present, there are a lot of companies still using traditional PBX/KTS as the voice communication central system of office. And the Administrator is designated to merge the new VoIP phones with the existing PBX/KTS. For a large group of users starting with IP phones, in general consideration, a VoIP Control system will be introduced. The most popular and well-interoperated one of solutions for the VoIP Control system is H.323 Copyright, All rights reserved,

6 protocol based Gatekeeper. The Gatekeeper provides call registration, connect/disconnect, control and supplementary services, as well as manages all VoIP call activities, like a traditional PBX does. Normally, the Gatekeeper must have a fixed real IP address anyway. But the IP phones don t need fixed real IP addresses. The office internal DHCP server could automatically assign virtual IP addresses to the IP phones. With the association of VoIP system and traditional PBX, you can place different kinds of VoIP calls. In Figure 1.1, there are 3 types of call thru the connection of Gatekeeper. Path (A) shows a VoIP call from IP phone to another IP phone by extension number. Path (B) shows a VoIP call from IP phone to the attached analog phone of VoIP Gateway by Gateway s extension number. And Path (C) illustrates a VoIP phone calls to an extension analog phone of PBX system. Figure 1.1. The Association of VoIP System With PBX system 1.2 New Application with IP-Enabled PBX System The communication system architecture of modern enterprise is illustrated in Figure 1.2. IP-enabled PBX system is equipped with VoIP Gateway modules and associated with a Gatekeeper. As usually, it supports internal Extension lines to traditional analog phones and external Trunks to the PSTN public telephone network. At the same time, it may be installed with a Voice Mail System (VMS) for message recording service. Here, the Gatekeeper server will act as a call agent to control the routes of VoIP calls. Therefore, all users can take the advantages of IP-enabled PBX features as well as VoIP s benefits. With QoS (Quality of Service) voice priority support on the LAN connection, you also can connect your notebook or PC to the phone. It will keep the voice quality of VoIP calls as usually Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

7 Figure 1.2: The VoIP Network Architecture of Enterprise Office System 1.3 Advanced VoIP Solution in Enterprise Office For the sake of better management, some enterprises would like to utilize Intranet /Internet Servers in order to improve administration capabilities. And now, this becomes a trend in modern VoIP communication environment. Figure 1.3. The Advanced System Architecture For VoIP Application There are some general servers, such like DHCP server, WWW (Web) server, FTP/TFTP server, DNS server, SNTP server and Alternative Gatekeeper server usually used to support the VoIP communication service. Different server could offer different function. However, they are all NOT essential equipments but useful for administrator to do management job better. Regarding the function and the protocol of each server, please refer to Chapter 4. Copyright, All rights reserved,

8 Chapter 2 2. The Definition of Parts 2.1 Definition of Keys [MENUS] Press this key to enter Menus mode for configuring the IP Phone. Press this key again to Save and/or Exit from the Menus mode. [Soft keys] There are 3 soft keys with vertical lines connecting to the LCD screen. With these soft keys, user may select the desired corresponding item from which shows on the screen. For next group of selectable items, user may press the corresponding key of Next. [τ] [υ] These 2 keys are located inside the Soft key array. Inside Menus mode, they can be used to shift the cursor in LCD Screen or shift forward / backward to the next/upper page. Outside Menus mode, they can be used to adjust the volume of speakerphone or handset, when the phone is idle or under conversation. [ ] (Same with ENTER) This key is also located in soft key array. Press this key to Enter edit mode or Confirm the setting in current page. [CANCEL] Press this key to Cancel current setting(s) and go back to the upper page without change. [Hot Speeddial / Programmable Feature buttons] There are 5 buttons located above the numeric keypad. Starting from the most left one, these buttons are referred to Key P1, Key P2, to Key P5 respectively. Basically, as default, these keys are set to one-touch Hot Speed Dial function. After setting the dialing numbers with Menus, user may place a Hot Speed Dial just pressing a button. The Administrator may change the Hot Speed Dial default to Programmable buttons. Thus, each button may be mapped to different function in feature list (Please refer to the section of Programmable Features). Hot Speed Dial is mutually exclusive to Programmable functions. [MUTE] Press this key to mute the phone. (Music may be play backed to the calling party, depending on whether Mute Music is enabled or not.) When muted, the SPKR LED goes Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

9 red flashing and Mute message is shown on the lower right corner of the LCD screen. [XFR / CNF] Press this key to Transfer the current call to another line and then disconnect from them. Besides, it can also be used to drop a line into a Conference. [Note] The Conference function will be available ONLY thru the support of IP-enabled PBX (or Gatekeeper). It means that voice-mixing will be implemented centrally by IPenabled PBX or MCU. [HOLD] Press this key to Hold on the current call (line 1) and get a new dial tone. When held, the SPKR LED goes red flashing and Dial number: message is shown on the screen. If the hold is pressed to a secondary call (line 2), the MSG / LINE LED goes green flashing and Line 1 message is shown on the screen. [SPKR] Press this key to enable or disable the Speakerphone function. When it is enabled, the SPKR LED goes red steadily. [REDIAL] Press this key to redial the last phone number dialed. [MSG] Press this key to retrieve the voice mailbox. When MSG / LINE LED is red flashing, the Message Waiting Indication is turned on. 2.2 The Definition of LED Status On the panel of phone, there are two LED indicators. One is associated with SPKR key (referred as LED1) and the other is marked MSG / LINE (referred as LED2). The first one LED is mainly for the status display of Line # 1. And the second LED is for the status display of Line # 2 and Message Waiting. The following table describes the detailed definition of LED status. LED Table 2.1. The Definitions Of LED Status RED Green Indicator Steady Flashing Steady Flashing MSG / LINE (LED2) SPKR (LED1) Downloading or Booting Handfree on, Line #1 is engaging Message Waiting Mute or Hold line #1 Line # 2 is engaging Call Forward is active Line #2 is held Incoming call ringing [Remark] Line #1 status is always shown on the SPKR LED while the Line #2 status is always displayed on the MSG / LINE LED. And when a line is held, the LED is turned to flashing. When the line is resumed again, the LED will light steadily again. Copyright, All rights reserved,

10 2.3 The Definition of Programmable Features The programmable features can be enabled and mapped to the programmable feature buttons on the phone panel. The Administrator (or user) may configure these features via Menus, Web-management, Telnet, or Administrator tool. The following list shows basic programmable features for selection. (1) Speed Dial: (2) Abbreviated Dial: (3) Call Record: (4) Phone Book: A maximum of 10 sets of phone number can be associated as speed dial function. (But you may duplicate this feature to different programmable buttons and all of them will point to the same database.) After pressing the programmable button, a numeric key from [0], [1], [2],..., or [9] will be followed. When user press this Speed Dial feature button with a second number, the phone will automatically dial out the phone number that has preset in the phone. When pressing this programmable button, a string of presetting code will be dialed out. A maximum of 5 programmable buttons can be associated as this Abbreviated Dial function. In many applications, this feature is very useful for access the call services of PBX system. For instance, sending *40 codes to PBX may execute Call Waiting request to the called number. And sending *03#1 codes to PBX may turn on On-busy Call Forwarding function for the phone. Please consult to your Administrator about the functionalities of PBX and code convention of its call services. With this feature, user may review a group of last dialed numbers and a group of incoming calls, may dial the recorded phone number and may clean up the call records. For each group, a maximum of 10 sets of phone number is provided. When pressing this programmable button, the phone book is prompted to the Menus display. A maximum of 112 sets of phone number can be stored in the phone book. User may view, modify and delete the phone number (or IP address) and its associated Name. Besides, a clean up function is provided to delete phone numbers. (5) Call Forwarding/Diversion: With this feature, the IP phone will execute the supplementary service of Call Forwarding defined in ITU-T H standards. Although it is a Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

11 (6) Call Conferencing: (7) Lock IP-Phone: standard call service for H.323 protocol, Administrator may check to the Gatekeeper registered about whether this function has been equipped and enabled in the server or not. For this supplementary service, Administrator should check to the Gatekeeper registered about whether this function has been equipped and enabled in the server or not. Upon pressing this key, the phone will jump to the Lock setting page of Menus and stay in locked mode. And when a correct Pin number is typed, the phone will be unlocked and brought back to standby mode. During lock, all applicable operations are stopped. (8) Gatekeeper Logon/Logoff: If the phone is registered to the Gatekeeper, upon pressing this key, the phone will jump to the Logoff page. If the key is pressed again, the phone will jump to the Logon page. When Logon is successful, the phone will enter into on-net connection mode so that any registered users can find and call him. Copyright, All rights reserved,

12 Chapter 3 3. The Administration Setting in Menus The LCD Screen provides 2 lines information with a total of 32 characters for the operation of Menus. Administrator may use it to configure the IP phone. For detailed descriptions, please refer to User s Manual of IP phone. In this Guide, only the portion related with Administration will be introduced. You may press [Menus] key on the phone to enter Menus mode for Administrative configuration. [MENUS OPERATION] Index LCD Screen Description of Action 1 For selection, press: Menu 2selection: Volume: to adjust speakerphone, Microphone Volume Ring Next and Handset. Ring: to select a type of ring. Next: to proceed to the next selection. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. 3 Menu 4selection: P.Book: to enter Phone book. P.Book Dial Next Dial: to set different dialing methods, such like Hot Speed Dial, Speed dial, and Abbreviated dial. Next: to proceed to the next selection. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. 5 Menu selection: 6 Record Time Next Record: to view the incoming and dialed phone numbers. Time: to select time Zone for your location. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. 7 Menu selection: 8 Lock Progrm Next Lock: to lock/unlock the phone. Progrm: to view the activation status of each programmable buttons. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. B Menu selection: C Info DownLd Next Info: to view Firmware version number and the phone number of serviceman. DownLd: to download the firmware from FTP or Web download server Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

13 D E Menu selection: IP Admin Next F G Menu selection: Save Home [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. IP: to set IP address manually. Admin: to enter Administration Setting section. User is not recommended to enter. And a password is required. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. Save: to Save all settings to Flash permanently and Re-Boot the phone directly. Home: to go back to the 1 st selection of Menus. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. To enter Administration page, please press [Admin] selection. Administrator may enter this selection to do advanced configurations of the phone. But for some particular settings, likedomain name of Gatekeeper (or domain name of Web server), Administrator shall leverage the Web-based management or another tool. [Admin] : A password is required for entering the Administration mode. Index LCD Screen Description of Action E Please key-in the Password. Admin Password: Error, Password: The factory default password is [1234] If password is matched, the following page will be entered. If Password is wrong, Error will be prompted. And Retry will be accepted. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page E.1 Admin E.2Setting: Progrm: to configure Programmable feature Progrm PSWD Next buttons. PSWD: to change the password. After changing the password, please remember to write down carefully for future use. Next: to go to next selection page. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page E.3 Admin E.4Setting: TCPIP: to configure TCP/IP-related data. TCPIP H323 Next H323: to configure H.323-related data. Next: to go to next selection page. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. E.5 Admin E.6Setting: Phone: Extension phone number of Gatekeeper Phone MSG Next MSG: to set the phone number of Voice mail server. Next: to go to next selection page. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. Copyright, All rights reserved,

14 E.7 E.8 Admin Setting: Reset Boot Next E.9 E.A Admin Setting: Lock Home Reset: to reset all configurations with factory default settings. Boot: to reboot the phone immediately. Next: to go to next selection page. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. Lock: to lock/unlock the IP phone. Home: to go to the 1 st page of Admin setting. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. Edit Programmable Feature page: E.1.1 Progrm [Off] ON Off Edit E Edit Progrm[P1] < Feature Name > Will show the current status [On] or [Off]. When it is on, Hot Dial function will be [Off]. When Hot Dial is [On], this will be [Off]. Enable: to enable Programmable Feature buttons function. When press Disable: to disable this function. Edit: to edit the feature buttons. [τ] / [υ]: To shift backward or forward to another Features for selection. [ ]: to confirm the setting of this programmable button. That means that the feature is assigned to this button. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. Feature List: (Max. numbers of keys available) - Speed Dial - Abbreviated Dial (Max. up to 5 keys) - Call Record - Phone Book - Call Forwarding - Call Conferencing - Phone Lock - Logon/Logoff Gatekeeper Change Password page: [CAUTION]: After entering the Web successful, if you change the password of the phone, please remember to write down the new password and keep it safely. Otherwise, you cannot get in Web page again even use Telnet to communicate with the phone. Unfortunately you have encountered this problem, please contact your supplier for assistance. E.1.2 To type the new password and press [ ]. Change Password [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. New: Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

15 E Confirm Again E Password Changed OK E Password Error Retry Cancel To type the new password to confirm again. [ ]: to confirm the typing of password. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. [ ] or [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. When confirm is error, this page is prompted. And you can Retry or press [CANCEL] to quit Change Password Menu. [TCP/IP Setting] User may press this selection to configure TCP/IP parameters. E.3.1 TCP/IP E.3.2 Setting IP: to set the IP address. IP S-Mask Next S-Mask: to set the subnet Mask for IP address. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page. E.3.3 TCP/IP E.3.4 Setting Router: to set the Router (default Gateway) Router DHCP Next address for Internet access. DHCP: to Enable/Disable DHCP client. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page. E.3.7 TCP/IP E.3.8 Setting FTP: to set FTP server address. FTP SNTP Next STNP: to set Standard Network Time server address. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page. E.3.9 TCP/IP E.3.A Setting PPPoE: to enable/disable PPPoE function of IP PPPoE Home phone. Home: to go to the 1 st page of TCP/IP setting. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page. IP Address setting page: E TCP/IP IP: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Subnet Mask setting page: E TCP/IP S-Mask: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Use numeric keys and * (for. ) to input the IP address, like [τ] / [υ]: To control the cursor backward / forward during editing. [ ]: to confirm the setting and exit. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. Use numeric keys and * (for. ) to input the Subnet Mask, like [τ] / [υ]: To control the cursor backward / forward during editing. Copyright, All rights reserved,

16 [ ]: to confirm the setting and exit. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. Router Address Setting Page: E TCP/IP Router: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx DHCP Setting Page: E TCP/IP DHCP: Enable Disable Back Use numeric keys and * (for. ) to input the Router Address, like [τ] / [υ]: To control the cursor backward / forward during editing. [ ]: to confirm the setting and exit. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. When DHCP client is enabled, The phone can automatically gets a IP address from DHCP server to replace the IP address set before. When DHCP is disabled, user has to set IP address by himself locally. Enable: The current setting is Enable. Press the [τ] to toggle the setting. Disable: The current setting is Disable. Press the [ ] to toggle the setting. Back: to go back to upper page [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. DNS Setting Page: ( Reserved feature) E TCP/IP DNS: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Use numeric keys and * (for. ) to input the DNS Server address, like [τ] / [υ]: To control the cursor backward / forward during editing. [ ]: to confirm the setting and exit. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. Web Server (WWW) Setting Page: ( Reserved feature) E TCP/IP Web: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Use numeric keys and * (for. ) to input the Web Server address. [τ] / [υ]: To control the cursor backward / forward during editing. [ ]: to confirm the setting and exit. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

17 FTP Setting Page: E TCP/IP FTP: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Use numeric keys and * (for. ) to input the FTP Server Address, like [τ] / [υ]: To control the cursor backward / forward during editing. [ ]: to confirm the setting and exit. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. SNTP Setting Page: E TCP/IP SNTP: Use numeric keys and * (for. ) to input the Standard Network Time server address, like [stdtime.gov.hk] or or ). If you don t specify a STNP IP (like ), the default STNP server (at ) will be automatically assigned into. [τ] / [υ]: To control the cursor backward / forward during editing. [ ]: to confirm the setting and exit. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. PPPoE Setting Page: E PPPoE Enable Back PPPoE Enable Back Contacting GK Connecting Connect Failed This page is used to enable/disable PPPoE function of IP phone. When it is enabled, please configure its User ID and Password of PPPoE thru the IP phone Web page. Or when it connected to the ISP, an error will occur during access to the Internet Enable: To disable the PPPoE function. Disable : To enable the PPPoE function. Back : to go back to upper page. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change.. [Remarks]: When PPPoE is enabled, after the IP phone is rebooted, it will automatically connect to the Internet. The connection information will be shown on the LCD display. If connection failed, a message will be displayed too. Copyright, All rights reserved,

18 [H.323 Protocol Setting] User may press this selection to configure H.323 parameters. E.4.1 H.323 E.4.2 Setting GK: to configure Gatekeeper-related data. GK Gateway Next GW: to set VoIP Gateway address. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page. E.4.3 H.323 Setting E.4.4 Codec: to select Codec type. Codec DTMF Next DTMF: to set DTMF type for abbreviated dial. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page. E.4.5 H.323 Setting Faststart Home Faststart: to set Faststart / Tunneling modes Home: to go to the 1 st page of TCP/IP setting. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page. IH.323 Gatekeeper setting page: E E E H.323 Gatekeepr: On-Off Addr AGK E H.323 H.323 Gatekeepr: Gatekeepr: Enable Disable Back Back E Use numeric keys and * (for. ) to input the IP address, like or will be used to un-register and clear the Gatekeeper address. [τ] / [υ]: To control the cursor backward / forward during editing. [ ]: to confirm the setting and exit. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. Enable: Currently using GK is enabled. Disable: Currently using GK is disabled. [τ ] will toggle the setting. [Back] or [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. E Gatekeeper Addr: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx E Alternative GK: Alternative GK: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx No Information E Use numeric keys and * (for. ) to input the GK address, like But, 0 or will be used to un-register and clear up the Gatekeeper address. [τ] / [υ]: To control the cursor backward / forward during editing. [ ]: to confirm the setting and exit. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. This is read-only page. If AGK IP address is provided by Gatekeeper, its IP will be shown on this page. If Gatekeeper doesn t provide AGK Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

19 information, No information message will be prompted. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. H.323 VoIP Gateway Setting Page: E H.323 Gateway: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Use numeric keys and * (for. ) to input the Gateway address, like But, 0 or will be used to clean up and disable the Gateway address. (Remarks: When a Gateway will be directly called, this IP address should be filled out correctly and Gatekeeper should be disabled at the same time. You may dial its extension numbers of Gateway directly.) [τ] / [υ]: To control the cursor backward / forward during editing. [ ]: to confirm the setting and exit. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. Codec Setting Page: E Audio Codec: < G K > DTMF Type Setting page: E DTMF Type: < H.245 String > The current setting will be shown. Press [τ] / [υ] to browse all possible settings. G K (Default setting) G K G.729, G.729A, G.729B, G.729AB G.711 a-law G.711μ-law Press [ ] to confirm the selection. [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page. [τ] / [υ]: To shift the cursor backward or forward to locate the target type of DTMF. There are four types available: H.245 String, (Default setting) H.245 Signal, Q.931 Keypad and RFC2833. [ ]: to select the target type and go back to the upper page. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page without change. Copyright, All rights reserved,

20 Faststart Setting Page: E Faststart: < Tunneling > Phone Number Setting Page: E.5.1 Edit Phone No: pppppppppppp The current setting is shown here. [τ] or [υ]: To control the cursor backward / forward during editing. There are several selections of voice channel setup types: -Disable (slow start = No FastStart ) -Faststart -With Tunneling (Default setting) [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. pppppppppppp: The system shows the existing phone number to be modified or show nothing if memory is empty. User may use numeric key to edit the phone number or IP address. [τ] / [υ]: To move the cursor backward or forward during editing. [ ]: to finish the input and go back to the upper page. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page without change. MSG: Voice Mail Server Setting Page: ( reserved feature) E.6.1 MSG Phone #: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Reset to Factory Default Setting Page: ( reserved) E.7 Reset Default: Yes No Upon entering this page, the current MSG phone number of voice mail server will be displayed first. This feature is associated to the [MSG] key on the phone. Administrator may edit with numeric keypad. When 0 is entered, the MSG access ( to the voice mail system) is disabled. [ ] or #: to confirm the setting [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. Yes: to confirm the restore of all configurations with factory default settings. IP address: set to DHCP : Disable PPPoE: Disable Use GK: Disable Unlock IP phone Pin: set to 0000 Password: Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

21 To Do A Warm Boot: E.8 Warm Boot: Yes No No: No reset and go back to the upper page. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. Yes: to confirm the restore of all configurations with factory default settings. No: No reset and go back to the upper page. [CANCEL]: to go back to the upper page. [Save] After setting, Administrator may use this selection to save all settings that have been done inside Menus to the Flash memory. F.1 Save & Reboot? Yes No Yes: to Save all settings to Flash permanently and Re-Boot the phone directly. No or [CANCEL]: to go to the upper page without change. Copyright, All rights reserved,

22 Chapter 4 4. How to Configure IP Phone Thru Web Page 4.1 The Introduction of IP Phone Web The IP phone features a wonderful Web-based management function. Most settings and status of the phone can be browsed easily and configured by a PC or Notebook conveniently. To perform this function, the Administrator can easily use an Ethernet CAT5 cable to connect your PC to the IP phone s LAN port directly or set up an independent LAN with an Ethernet Hub, and then connect both this phone and your PC to the Hub (as shown in the figure below). Figure 4.1 To browse The IP Phone Web With A PC With browser software, like Windows Internet Explorer (IE), then the Administrator can easily access to the Web page of the phone. The Web page of the phone is set at [ ] IP address as factory default setting. Therefore, you can use to access to the Web page. Upon entering this page, a password is required to the Administrator. The factory default password is [1234]. [CAUTION]: After entering the Web successful, if you change the password of the phone, please remember to write down the new password and keep it safely. Otherwise, you cannot get in Web page again or even use Telnet to communicate with the phone. Unfortunately you have encountered this problem, please contact your supplier for assistance. After entering correct password, you may get in the Web of IP phone shown below: The Firmware version is shown at top right hand. ( The Web Page design maybe change from Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

23 version to version). Copyright, All rights reserved,

24 Figure 4.2. The IP Phone Web Page 4.2 The Description Of Fields In IP Phone Web TCP/IP Setting: MAC: MAC address of IP Phone Ethernet port, it is not changeable for user. Use DHCP: Enable or Disable the DHCP client function. When it is enabled, the IP phone will ask DHCP server in the network to get an applicable IP address. Normally, it will be set to Enable when the IP phone is installed in office LAN but to Disable in home or SOHO LAN. PPPoE: Enable or Disable the protocol of Dial-up Broadband access protocol. When it is enabled and IP phone is restarted, the IP phone will negotiate with the remote ADSL DSLAM in order to login into the broadband Internet with PPPoE protocol. PPPID and PPP Pin will be filled correctly when enabling this function. Normally, it will be set to Enable when the IP phone is installed in Home but to Disable in SOHO or especially office LAN Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

25 PPP ID: User ID given by ISP for Internet Dial-up access. The maximum string of PPPID can be 24 bytes in alphanumeric format. PPP Pin: User Password for Internet Dial-up access. When your Password is changed, you have to update this again. The maximal string of PPP Pin can be 16 bytes in alphanumeric format. IP: IP address of this IP phone. You may key in the IP address directly here, when you want to assign a public real fixed IP for it. If you want to get a real dynamic IP or virtual dynamic IP from ISP (PPPoE-enabled connection) or from your office s DHCP server, you may forget this field and leave it unchanged. It will be updated later automatically once a dynamic IP address has been assigned. Within Office, SOHO or Home LAN, you may assign a Virtual Fixed IP address to your IP phone. After well planning of all IP address for your network devices, then key-in the located virtual IP address to the IP phone here. Typically, IP addresses in the private virtual network have the form x.x or 10.0.x.x.or x.x or x.x. (Where x is a number between 0 and 254). Subnet Mask: A Mask for limiting a scope of network IP addresses for searching. Normally it is set as Please consult to your network administrator for this value. Router: The IP address of default gateway. The IP address of your subnet default Gateway where the Internet packets are passing thru forward and backward. The IP address of router will be the inside accessible IP address, not the real public IP address that can be reached by outside. FTP: The IP address of FTP Server. File Transfer Protocol client software has been designed within the IP phone. User may download the new firmware to upgrade the IP phone thru this FTP server. Time Server: The IP Address of Internet Timer Server. It will be used by SNTP protocol in the IP phone. Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) is a function that is used to synchronize Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) in a network of computers. So, when it is appointed to an international time server (like Hong Kong standard time server address: , or or ). If you don t specify a STNP IP (like ), the default STNP server (at ) will be automatically assigned into. Time Zone: The standard time zone code where you stay. The time zone is in the format of GMT 12:00 to GMT +12:00. The GMT is international standard of Greenwich Mean Time. When you select a right time H.323 Settings: Copyright, All rights reserved,

26 Proxy: Selection of Disable, Enable, Search 2, Search 3, Search 4, and Connect The IP phone supports Proxy function to get around general NAT traversal issue. Also, if you don t have a real Proxy, the IP phone can bundle you re the most outer router together with IP phone to emulate a Virtual H.323 Proxy. For IP phone using any real (Dynamic or Fixed) IP address, please disable this function. If your Proxy (or door Router) uses a Fixed Real IP address, please just select Enable and set Proxy IP field with its IP address. If you want to search up to the second layer of Router for a real IP address, please select Search 2 in this field and specify Proxy IP The IP phone will check out the Router s real IP address. If you want to search up to the third or fourth layer of Router, please select Search 3 or Search 4. In general case, If you are using virtual IP for the IP phone and using a Real Dynamic IP for Proxy (or door Router), please just select Connect option and set the NAT Probe Server s IP to the following Proxy IP field. (Please see more information in the next item). When the IP phone will connects to the NAT Probe Server to ask its real dynamic IP of Proxy (or door Router) and then form a virtual H.323 Proxy to get around NAT/virtual IP issue. Proxy IP: The public IP address of Proxy (or door Router) To solve NAT traversal issue, a Proxy provides a common solution for IP endpoints which are using virtual IP internally. In spite of what kind Proxy is used, this field and the next field need to be carefully specified with right settings. The following types of proxy is applicable: (1) To use a standard real Proxy Server or H.323 Proxy box with a real IP. (2) To use a PC to run Proxy software with a real IP. (3) To bundle the most outer Router (with a real IP) as a virtual H.323 Proxy by IP phone. If your Proxy uses a Fixed Real IP address, please set Proxy IP field with Proxy s IP address. If you use a Router, please set Router s real fixed IP to this field so that IP phone can emulate a virtual H.323 Proxy. If you select Search 2/3/4 in Proxy field, please specify to this Proxy IP field. If you are using virtual IP for the IP phone and using a Real Dynamic IP for Router or for a dedicated H.323 Proxy, please set the NAT Probe Server s IP to the Proxy IP field. With the release CD-ROM, you may establish your own NAT Probe Server on Internet public area with a real fixed IP address. Or, you may use the supplier s test NAT Probe Servers with IP address or RTP Port: Real-Time Protocol packet Port Address of the IP phone. Basically, the Q.931 and RAS port addresses of the IP phone is set at 1720 as factory Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

27 default setting. While the H.245 and RTP port addresses is set to 1722 as default. Please refer to Q.931 Port setting. Q.931 Port: Q.931 signal packet Port Address of the IP phone Basically, the Q.931 and RAS port addresses of the IP phone is set at 1720 as factory default setting. While the H.245 and RTP port addresses is set to 1722 as default. For most applications, there is no need to change these assignments except that you enable Virtual H.323 Proxy function (in Proxy field) for multiple IP phones behind the same NAT environment. In this case, please carefully set your these port with the following formulas: Q.931 and RAS Port address = The last number of its virtual IP address H.245 and RTP Port address = The last number of its virtual IP address RTCP Port address = The last number of its virtual IP address And please make sure there is no any conflict with other port address at NAT port mapping table. For example: IP Phone Virtual IP No No No Port Packet Usage Remarks 5010 TCP Q = UDP RAS 5011 TCP Available for use UDP Available for use 5012 TCP H = UDP RTP RTCP=RTP TCP Available for use UDP RTCP 5013= TCP Q = UDP RAS 5015 TCP Available for use UDP Available for use 5016 TCP H = UDP RTP RTCP=RTP TCP Available for use UDP RTCP 5017= TCP Q = UDP RAS 5019 TCP Available for use UDP Available for use 5020 TCP H = UDP RTP RTCP=RTP +1 Copyright, All rights reserved,

28 5021 TCP Available for use UDP RTCP 5021= Table 4.1 NAT Port Mapping For IP Phones RAS Port: Registration Administration and Status packet Port Address of the IP phone. Basically, the Q.931 and RAS port addresses of the IP phone is set at 1720 as factory default setting. While the H.245 and RTP port addresses is set to 1722 as default. Please refer to Q.931 Port setting. H.245 Port: H.245 packet Port Address of the IP phone. Basically, the Q.931 and RAS port addresses of the IP phone is set at 1720 as factory default setting. While the H.245 and RTP port addresses is set to 1722 as default. Please refer to Q.931 Port setting. Use GK: Enable or Disable the logon function to Gatekeeper When it is enabled, the IP phone will automatically register to the Gatekeeper. Please configure all related settings for Gatekeeper so that the registration can be successful. Basically, you have to fill GK IP (even and GK ID). GK IP: The IP address of Gatekeeper The IP address shall be real public fixed IP. GK ID: The ID of Gatekeeper to be registered. When your Gatekeeper needs this ID, you have to fill it out. For some cases, if your Gatekeeper doesn t need ID and you put an ID inside, the registration may fail. So, please consult to the Administrator of your Gatekeeper. The length of GK ID is up to 16 bytes. Use H.235: Enable or Disable the usage of H.235 Protocol H.235 protocol is ITU-T recommendation for security and encryption enhancements for use in multimedia services based on H.323. For some Gatekeepers, they do need this function so that authenticated IP phones can register to the Gatekeepers. When it is required, the following Account and Pin is needed, too. H.235 Account: The Account ID of H.235 for Gatekeeper The length of Account is up to 46 bytes. H.235 Pin: The Pin Number of H.235 for Gatekeeper The length of Pin is up to 16 bytes. Local Alias: Selection of Phone Number, Full Name, H.323 ID, MAC address. There are some selections for you to choice, including Phone Number, Full Name, H.323 ID, and MAC address. Normally this selection is up to you. With this and corresponding data, you may register the IP phone to a Gatekeeper. But, for some Gatekeeper, you may follow its restriction to select these options. H.323 ID: an address used in H.323 protocol with a character string. Please key-in the assignment of H.323 ID from your Administrator of Gatekeeper or ITSP. The length of H.323 ID is up to 16 bytes Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

29 GW IP: The IP address of VoIP Gateway It is used only when you want to directly call to a Gateway. When you want do this, please disable the use of Gatekeeper then dial the extension number of Gateway directly. Faststart: Selection of Disable, Faststart, and Tunneling The default setting is Tunneling that can open a voice channel with the remote endpoint thru Faststart mode or Tunneling mode automatically. For some endpoint, they may open voice channel just thru fast start mode; in this case, please select FastSatrt option. And for few endpoints, they don t support new open way; therefore, you have set to Disable to do slow start procedure. When the IP phone can get a ring back tone but always fails in connecting the voice (once the remote user picks up the phone), please try to change this setting. DTMF: Selection of H.245 String, H,245 Signal, Q.931 Keypad, RFC2833 When a numeric key of IP phone is pressed, Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) tone is generated. The tone is compressed, transported to the other party, and then decompressed. To avoid distortion of G.729 or G.723 Codec, a DTMF relay method is used. DTMF relay transmits DTMF tones out of band that is separated from the voice channel. The IP phone currently supports the following methods of DTMF relay: H.245 String: This method translates DTMF to digit string from the voice stream and sends them through the H.245 packets."h.245 String" method is the default setting that all H.323 version 2 compliant systems are required to support. H.245 Signal: is optional. The H.245 signaling channel is a reliable channel. So, the packets that transport the DTMF tones are guaranteed to be delivered. The tones are transported in H.245 user Input Indication messages. Q.931 Keypad: H.323 does support Q.931 call setup method that has been using in ISDN telephone network. The DTMF tones can be translated to Q.931 (Facility) Keypad information and sent to the remote. The Q.931signaling channel is also a reliable channel. So, the packets that transport the DTMF tones are guaranteed to be delivered. RFC2833: RTP Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones and Telephony Signals, developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Audio/Video Transport (AVT) working group.h.323 version 4 now allows an endpoint to utilize RFC 2833 to send and receive DTMF digits thru RTP channel that is also for voice steam. This is important, for example, in order to convey precise timing of DTMF information. Also, it is a logical choice when the call is routed through the Gatekeeper and the Gatekeeper is not interested in that information. Audio Codec: G.711 a-law, G.711 µ-law, G K, G K, G.729, G.729A, G.729B, G.729AB. The IP phone can support different audio Codec but only one is active at one time. The voice quality of G.711 is the best and the worst is G K. G.711 a-law: is the international standard for encoding telephone audio on standard Copyright, All rights reserved,

30 pulse code modulation (PCM) channel: Coding Rate: 64kbps, Sampling Rate: 8KHz. A-law is for USA. G.711 µ-law: G.711 µ-law compresses frames of 14-bit linear PCM samples into frames of 8-bit logarithmic PCM code words. G.711 A-law compresses 13-bit linear PCM samples into 8-bit logarithmic PCM code words. And G.711 µ-law is mainly used in north America. G.723.1: It is used for low-bandwidth but keeping acceptable quality. Coding Rate: 5.3kbps, or 6.3kbps and Sampling Rate: 8 khz. (G K is default setting) G.729: is used with many applications that require toll quality robust speech reproduction. Coding Rate: 8 kbps, Sampling Rate: 8 khz. G.729A: Annex A is a reduced complexity version of G.729. G.729B: Annex B is including voice activity detection, silence suppression and comfort noise generation features. G.729A/B: Annex A/B that is a reduced complexity version of G.729B. Frame per pkt: Voice frame size of IP packet Default setting is one frame. When you found voice is getting worse (such like losing packets), if the condition is caused by network, you may increase this frame number to check if voice is getting better or not. Remote Alias: Selection of E.164 Phone Number, and H.323 ID of the remote calling party. There are two selections: E.164 Phone Number and H.323 ID. Normally the default is E.164. Phone Settings: Phone Number: The phone number of this IP phone. The max. Length of this field is up to 16 bytes. Debug Level: Selection of None, Brief and All. This is used for debugging purpose only. When the phone has problem with calls, you may install a PC connecting to the phone and run IP phone tool. Then collect the debug messages from network. The Brief option will generate simple debug messages while All option will generate complete detailed messages. After collection of debug messages, you may describe the environment of call tests, test procedure and failure condition, then attach the debug report and send it to the supplier for advanced analysis. Handset Input: Receiver volume control level of handset. The range is from 0 to 15 in max. Handset Output: Speaker volume control level of handset. The range is from 0 to 10 in max. Speaker Output: Speaker volume control level of speakerphone. The range is from 0 to 10 in max. Handset Tone: DTMF /Dial Tone volume control level of handset. The range is from 0 to 15 in max Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

31 Speaker Tone: DTMF /Dial Tone volume control level of Speakerphone. The range is from 0 to 15in max. Ring Volume: Ring Tone volume control level of Speakerphone. The range is from 0 to 15in max. Ring Type: The selection of different ring tone types There are 10 types from 0 to 9. VAD: Enable or Disable Enable or disable Voice Activation Detection function. VAD is a technique that allows the IP phone detects the absence of audio and conserves bandwidth by preventing the transmission of "silent packets" over the network. AGC: Enable or Disable When Automatic Gain Control is enabled, the IP phone performs that both near to and far away from the microphone to be heard at approximately the same level by the far end. Normally, it is disabled. AEC: Enable or Disable When Automatic Echo Cancellation is enabled, the IP phone will cancel all echoes as possible as it can. Normally it is enabled. Always Lock: Enable or Disable When it is enabled, the phone will be locked. Even it is powered off and powered on again, the lock situation keep still. Unlock Pin: the pin number to unlock the phone The length of pin is normally 4 bytes. Programmable Button Settings: Enable Prog BTN: Enable or Disable When it is disabled, the group of five Programmable Buttons will be set as the use of Hot Speed dial only. When it is enabled, each button can be assigned with different features as listed below. P1 : feature selection for the 1 st programmable button. Selection from Hot Speeddial, Speed Dial, Abbrev. Dial, Call Record, Phone Book, Call Forward, Conference, Lock IP- Phone, Logon GK, etc. The programmable features can be enabled and mapped to the programmable feature buttons on the phone panel. The following list shows basic programmable features for selection. (9) Speed Dial: A maximum of 10 sets of phone number can be associated as speed dial function. After pressing the programmable button, a numeric key from [0], [1], [2],..., or [9] will be followed. (10) Abbreviated Dial: When pressing this programmable button, a string of presetting code will be dialed out. A maximum of 5 programmable buttons can be associated as this Abbreviated Dial function. This feature is very useful for accessing Copyright, All rights reserved,

32 the call services of PBX system. For instance, sending *40 codes to PBX may execute Call Waiting request to the called number. (11) Call Record: With this feature, user may review a group of last dialed numbers and a group of incoming calls, may dial the recorded phone number and may clean up the call records. For each group, a maximum of 10 sets of phone number is provided. (12) Phone Book: When pressing this programmable button, the phone book is prompted to the Menus display. A maximum of 112 sets of phone number can be stored in the phone book. (13) Call Forward: This is for supplementary service of Call forwarding. With this feature, the IP phone will execute the supplementary service of Call Forward defined in ITU-T H standards. (14) Conference: This is for supplementary service of Call conferencing. (15) Lock IP-Phone: Upon pressing this key, the phone will jump to the Lock setting page of Menus and stay in locked mode. And when a correct Pin number is typed, the phone will be unlocked and brought back to standby mode. (16) Logon GK: If the phone is registered to the Gatekeeper, upon pressing this key, the phone will jump to the Logoff page. If the key is pressed again, the phone will jump to the Logon page. When Logon is successful, the phone will enter into on-net connection mode so that any registered users can find and call him. P2, P3, P4, P5: The same function with P1 for different programmable button. Speed Dial 0: The 1 st Speed dial. To define a string of number for an often-dialed phone. The max. Length is 16 bytes. Speed Dial 1 9: the same with Speed Dial 0. Update This is an executable button to update all settings onto the IP phone. Then IP phone will reboot itself up again. Save & Go to Phone Book This is an executable button to jump to Phone Book Setting Web page. Phone Book Setting: Dial 001: The first set of phone number in phone book. Name: The Name for a person. The max. Length is 16 bytes. Phone Number: The phone number. It can be in any type that is actable for the Gatekeeper or remote endpoint, such like E.164 or IP address. The max. Length is 16 bytes. Dial 002-Dial 112: the same with Dial 001. Save and Back This is an executable button to Save the current Phone Book Setting page and then go Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

33 back. Save and Goto [xxx-yyy] This is an executable button to Save the current Phone Book Setting page and then go to xxx-yyy page. So, you have to specify this new page range before press this button. 4.3 The Operation With Web Server ( Reserved Feature) The Web Server is used to download the firmware directly from Web site. Operation: Administrator shall put the firmware onto the Web Download server at proper directory. And make sure its HTML page address, like Finally with the help of Web-based management of the IP phone, set the URL address to all IP phones. [Note]: There are two files with fixed names for each version of firmware. One is the image code of firmware and the other is the version information file of firmware (Firmware.ini). DO NOT kill any one of them or change their names when putting them in the server. Then user can enter to the Menus or Web page of IP phone to execute the Download function directly from Web Download Server. However, there are several ways to upgrade the firmware as follows: Protocol The source kept in Presetting by Upgraded by Type 1 IP Phone Proprietary PC IP Phone TOOLS software Tool s command Manually upload or Auto download 2 FTP FTP Server Web or Menus User with Menus Manually download 3 Http (Web) PC IP Phone s Web via browser Web buttons Manually upload 4 Http (Web) Web Download Server Web or Menus User with Menus Manually download Table 4.2 The Ways To Download or Upload The Firmware Copyright, All rights reserved,

34 Chapter 5 5. The IP Phone Management Tools 5.1 The IP Phone Tools Overview The IP Phone Tools is a powerful utility which can run on Windows-based PC system. With it, you can configure, manage and monitor the IP phone. Since it has a user-friendly interface (GUI) design, general users may easily learn well how to use it. There is no installation required for this tool. Therefore, it is highly recommended that all users would use this to configure and operate your IP phone. In summary, there are different ways used to configure the IP phones: Way Recommended Name of Way Advantages Disadvantages 1 Best Menus on Phone Easy Without PC help No all settings can be done with. 2 Very Good IP Phone Tools Can configure, manage, monitor the IP phone. Can support a phone, and even a group of phone. (3). Support debug message collection. (4).Powerful features. (5). Can upgrade IP phone firmware. Need a Tool program and PC. 3 Good Web of IP phone (1) User friendly, Just use a common browser. World wide accessable. 4 Fair Telnet CLI command mainly for familiar engineer Just view an IP phone. Not real time enough. Not user friendly The basic feature description of IP phone Tools: 1 To Examine and manipulate the settings of a specific IP phone. 1.1 User can read the settings from a specific IP phone to local memory buffer. 1.2 User can modify the settings in memory buffer and choose to save as a settings file (.opt) or write it back to update IP phone settings. 1.3 User can load settings from existing settings file to local memory buffer. These settings surely can write to a specific IP phone to update its settings. 1.4 A default setting is provided. Whenever the program starts, the settings in memory Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

35 buffer is the default settings. 2 Update the firmware to a specific IP phone. 2.1 User can load a firmware file to the firmware buffer. Then write to the specific IP phone. 2.2 When the firmware is loaded to the firmware buffer, you can just write to different IP phone. No further load file is required, unless you want to use different firmware. 2.3 User can select multiple IP phones in the list and update them simultaneously. Currently, we can update three IP phones simultaneously; others need to wait in a queue until the first three IP phones have done the transmission of firmware. 3 Trace the behavior of a specific IP phone or all IP phone within this subnet. 3.1 User can choose to monitor all IP phones in this subnet or just a specific one. 4 Single page patch. (Patch part of the firmware instead of the whole firmware) 4.1 Sometimes, a specific part of the firmware needs to be patched up in order to equip new features or fix some bugs. We have to use the Flash Single Page function to patch the specific part of firmware. [Caution]: Before doing the patch, please read the instruction for that patch carefully. 5.2 How To Upgrade The IP Phone Firmware The IP Phone Tool is the best way suggested for users to upgrade IP Phone firmware. Since it supports multiple update functions and can monitor a group of IP phones in a subnet, it is highly recommend that the Administrator could activate this tool on his/her PC and monitor all IP phones all the day. At the same time, it can catch down related debug messages from IP phone during initial stage of phone or system installation. To upgrade the firmware, you may just follow the following steps: Step 1: Specify the target IP phone by clicking on the ID in the device list or by specifying the IP address of this IP phone. Step 2: Then click button. An open file dialog will be popped up to user to specify the firmware file location. Step 3: After specifying the path, the firmware will be loaded to the firmware buffer and sent to the IP phone. This upgrade could be finish within a couple of minutes. Step 4: After the IP phone is rebooted and stays in ready mode, please use [Menus] key to progress to [Info:Firmware] item and check the firmware version. Copyright, All rights reserved,

36 Figure 5.1 The Picture of IP Phone Tools Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

37 Chapter 6 6. How to Use Servers To Support IP Phones 6.1 The System Architecture Overview The following Figure 6.1 shows that possible servers and systems will be involved with the administration or management when the IP phones are applied to the network for operation. The IP phone supports the communication with general servers, such like DHCP server, WWW (Web) server and TFTP server which are usually found in office as well as Alternative Gatekeeper server, SNTP server and DNS server which are usually found in public internet. Figure 6.1 The System Architecture of VoIP Application Network Different server will offer different function. They are all optional but useful for administrator to do better management job. Regarding the function and the protocol used by each server, please refer to the following Table 6.1. For their detailed functions, please refer to the following descriptions respectively. Copyright, All rights reserved,

38 Table 6.1 The Application of Servers & PCs PC or Server To IP Phone as Description of Function Http Client & Web Server (1) PC to do Web-based Management with IP phone (Browser S/W & (2) PC to download PC s setting file to the IP phone ( ) Running on % (3) PC to backup IP phone s setting to PC file ( ) & Administrator (4) PC to reset IP phone to factory settings ( ) PC.) Web Server & Http Client IP phone to Download the new firmware from Web. ( ) Gatekeeper % H.323 H.323 Server endpoint Alternative GK Server % H.323 endpoint IP phone to register to the Gatekeeper as an extension line. [Remarks]: It is recommended for enterprise or office user. IP phone to register to the Alternative Gatekeeper as an extension line if the Gatekeeper is crashed. [Remarks]: It is an optional item. DHCP Server & DHCP client IP Phone to get an IP address from DNS server [Remarks]: It is a highly recommended item, especially for enterprise and office users. If each IP phone can be given an independent real fixed IP address, this item can be omitted. DNS Server % DNS client IP phone to get the Gatekeeper s or Web site s IP address from DNS server. ( ) [Remarks]: It is an optional item. SNTP Server % SNTP client IP phone to get standard Network time. [Remarks]: It is an optional item. But you can easily to find a public SNTP server without any charge. FTP Server & FTP client IP phone to download the firmware ( ) Telnet client (Telnet S/W Running on Administrator PC.) IP Phone Tools (Running on Administrator PC.) [Remarks]: It is an optional item. & Telnet Server PC to use Telnet command to manage IP phone [Remarks]: It is an optional but very common for Administrator. Telnet can get more data and report from the IP phone. Besides, Troubleshooting engineer likes to use it for issuing debugging commands. & IP Phone Client (1) PC to broadcast to all IP phones about All IP phone can download new firmware from Web Server now. (2) PC to manage the IP phones. (3) PC to monitor the activities of IP phone in Debug mode. [Remarks]: It is a proprietary tool running on PC. With this, Administrator can do easier job and report the abnormal messages to the Supplier for assistance when encountering troubles with the calls or IP phone. 6.2 The Log Operation with Gatekeeper Purpose: Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

39 The purpose of Gatekeeper Logon/Logoff is to register/un-register to/from the Gatekeeper. After registration, user can call to all the extensions already registered to the Gatekeeper. When the phone is logged off, no call can be down thru the Gatekeeper again. If you do not plan to connect your phone to any Gatekeeper or IP-enabled PBX, you may skip this Chapter. If you are a general user and have to configure all detailed settings of phone, please consult to your Administrator or Network manager first. Operation: ( reserved for future development) The Administrator should verify the status of Gatekeeper clearly and then configure all IP phones to proper settings with Web management. The settings related with Gatekeeper include: Use Gatekeeper, Gatekeeper IP address and Gatekeeper ID. For the future development, we reserve multiple discovery way for finding the Gatekeeper. The operational settings and procedures are explained as follows: (a) Gatekeeper enable/disable (b) the Discovery way of Gatekeeper: Manual, Broadcast, and DNS (c) the IP address of Gatekeeper and Alternative Gatekeeper. There are several conditions that user may encounter during the operation of phone. (1) When the phone is powered on or re-booted, If Log GK Demand = Must, Logon procedure will be executed again. If Log GK Demand = No, Logon to the Gatekeeper will be skipped. (2) When pressing a Programmable button assigned Logoff Gatekeeper, The IP phone will be unregistered from the Gatekeeper immediately. (3) When pressing a Programmable button assigned Logon Gatekeeper again, Logon procedure will be executed again, no matter what setting of Log GK Demand. The Logon Procedure is listed below for reference: Log-on procedure: (1) Gatekeeper IP address = Null, If Discovery of Gatekeeper = No, Neither Gatekeeper nor Alternative GK will be logged on. If Discovery of Gatekeeper = Manual If Alternative Gatekeeper = Null, If no Gatekeeper is available. Logon to Gatekeeper will be skipped. (Therefore, user may dial the Extension number of VoIP Gateway, if its IP address is applicable.) If Alternative Gatekeeper is available, Logon to Alternative Gatekeeper will be executed. If Discovery of Gatekeeper = Broadcast The IP phone will issue broadcasting message to find a Gatekeeper. If a Gatekeeper is found, The IP address of Gatekeeper will be updated. Logon to the Gatekeeper will be executed. If no Gatekeeper is found, If Alternative Gatekeeper is available, Logon to Alternative Gatekeeper will be executed. If Alternative Gatekeeper is not available, Logon to the Gatekeeper will be skipped. Copyright, All rights reserved,

40 If Discovery of Gatekeeper = DNS The IP phone will consult to the DSN server to find a Gatekeeper s IP address. If a Gatekeeper is found, The IP address of Gatekeeper will be updated. Logon to the Gatekeeper will be executed. If no Gatekeeper is found, If Alternative Gatekeeper is available, Logon to Alternative Gatekeeper will be executed. If Alternative Gatekeeper is not available, Log-on to the Gatekeeper will be skipped. (2) Gatekeeper IP address is available, If the Gatekeeper is alive, Logon to the Gatekeeper will be executed. If the Gatekeeper is not responsible, If Alternative Gatekeeper = Null, No Gatekeeper is available. Logon to Gatekeeper will be skipped. (Therefore, user may dial the Extension number of VoIP Gateway, if its IP address is applicable.) If Alternative Gatekeeper is available, Logon to Alternative Gatekeeper will be executed. 6.3 The Operation of DHCP Server Purpose: The DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can assign private IP addresses to the devices inside the sub network. With this, the IP phone can get a unique IP address for operation. Operation: Just enable the DHCP Server flag in the Menus then reboot the phone. The phone will be given an IP address from DHCP server. There is no need to know the IP address of the DHCP server in advance. 6.4 The Operation With SNTP Server Purpose: The SNTP (Standard Network Time Protocol) server is used only for setting the Date and time of the IP phone. Operation: The Administrator may change the default site of SNTP server, stdtime.gov.hk [ ] to a new one. If the default SNTP IP is changed to your favorite SNTP server, please remember to set the SNTP IP of all IP Phones of users. User may set his/her time zone Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

41 code with accordance to their office location. The IP phone will re-synchronize the time with SNTP server again after midnight (00:00) everyday. This will keep up with a right time always. 6.5 The Operation With DNS Server ( reserved for future development) Purpose: The DNS (Domain Name System) Server is used to find the exact IP address of Gatekeeper and Web Download server. Because the IP address of them may be changed from time to time. This will cause the loss of connection to the servers. Therefore, a public DNS server with a fixed IP address is recommended to dynamically maintain and translate the real IP addresses of the Gatekeeper and Web Download center. Operation: [Note]: Please register your Gatekeeper and Web Download Server to the DNS before using this function. In the Web page of the phone, please set the DNS IP address into. And then input the domain names of Gatekeeper and Web Download server that are given by the DNS managing company. When the phone failed to register to the Gatekeeper with IP address setting, it will consult to the DNS to get an IP address for trail again. If this failed also, the phone will automatically try the Alternative Gatekeeper, if it is preset ok. 6.6 The Operation With FTP Server Purpose: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used only for the IP phone to download a firmware in the FTP server. Operation: Before using the FTP to download the firmware, please set the IP address of target FTP server to the IP phone and put the new firmware on the FTP server. Thus, user may enter Menus mode and go to the Download page to upgrade the firmware. [Note]: There are two files with fixed names for each version of firmware. One is the image code of firmware and the other is the version information of firmware (Firmware.ini). DO NOT kill any one of them or change their names when putting in the server. Copyright, All rights reserved,

42 6.7 The Operation With Telnet Purpose: Basically, the purpose of Telnet is mainly for configuration, setting checking and Log data of the IP phone. Operation: The Administrator may run Telnet client software, like MS-DOS mode in Windows, to connect to the IP phone: By typing telnet Password: ****** To enter the Telnet Server of IP phone, Administrator needs to provide the correct password. This password is the same with that used in Web Operation. Currently, the Telnet Server provides [get], [set], [write] and [help] commands. [get] To get the settings and status of IP phone. [set] To set a value to the dynamic memory of a specific item in the IP phone. [write] To write a value to the Flash memory of a specific item in the IP phone. [Help] To show the supported command list. Regarding the detailed items of settings and status, please refer to the following page that is replied with [get] command. P:\>get protocol 0[h323] password 1234 language 0[eng] mac c dhcp 0[disable] debug 1 pppoe 0[disable] pppid [empty] ppppin [empty] ip subnetmask router dns tftp proxy 0[disable] proxyip rtpport 1722 q931port 1720 rasport 1720 h245port 1722 gk 0[disable] gkid [empty] gkip remotealias 1[e164] localalias 1[fullnumber] faststart 2[tunneling] h323id [empty] dtmf 0[h245 string] gwip dialplan 0[disable] phonenumber 5021 dddcode 10 iddcode 86 iddprefix 00 dddprefix 0 innerline 0[disable] localprefix 0 nonlocalprefix 0 cdr 0[disable] cdrip maxnumberlen 8 prepaid 0[disable] account [empty] pin [empty] answer 5 ringtype 0 audioframes 1 audiotype 2[g7231] 6.3k 1 handsetin 11 handsetout 20 handsettone 15 speakerin 11 speakerout 31 speakertone 15 vad 1 agc 0 aec 1 test P:\> Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

43 Chapter 7 7. How To Handling NAT and Port Address 7.1 H.323 Protocols and Port Usage There are some H.323 related protocols shown in the Web page of IP phone. During communication of VoIP call, theses protocols need to use particular ports of IP address to talk and listen packets. They will be described in the following sections RAS Message And Port Setting Gatekeeper is the most complicated component of the H.323 network. In H.323 ITU-T standard, it has described functions of the Gatekeeper, including Registration (ability to know somebody on the line and find him on a special terminal), Admission (check access authorization) and Status (monitor adaptability of the network sources relevant to the IP phone, such as the Gateway and H.323 terminals). And RAS (Registration, Admission and Status) message is the specific protocol used for communication between IP phone and the Gatekeeper. In general, a H.323 terminal uses GRQ (Gatekeeper Request) RAS message to send Gatekeeper request message to a special detecting port of the Gatekeeper such as Basically, this RAS message uses UDP protocol and dynamic port Q.931 Call Signaling And Port Setting There are two types of TCP connections that are used to setup connection between two H.323 endpoints for a point-to-point call: (1) one for call signaling setup connection and (2) the other for call signaling control and capabilities exchange. The first TCP connection is setup by the caller based on the well-known port of the called. This TCP connection carries the call signaling setup messages defined within H and usually called as Q.931 channel or call signaling channel. In the H.323 protocol, Q.931 calls signaling usually use TCP protocol and port H.245 Message And Port Call controlling messages use the second TCP connection mentioned above. While receiving the call signaling, the called is monitoring TCP connection on a dynamic port and then responds with call receiving messages. The caller will setup a second TCP connection on this port. The second connection carries the call signaling controlling messages defined within H.245. H.245 channel shall be retained during communication, as it will finish the call signaling process after communication finished. In the H.323 protocol, H.245 messages use TCP protocol and dynamic ports. Copyright, All rights reserved,

44 7.1.4 RTP Protocol And Port Setting H.323 terminals use H.245 channel to exchange audio messages and define master/slave relationship. It can also open the logical channel and setup RTP (Real-time Protocol) communication channel for transporting media stream. The [OpenLogicalChannel] messages sent by the caller describe the port and address of UDP which will be used by the called to send receiving reports. In the H.323 protocol, RTP uses the UDP protocol and dynamic port that should be an even number RTCP protocol and port If the called is ready for receiving the data sent by the caller, it will send an [OpenLogicalChannelAck] message through the logical channel. UDP port numbers for sending RTP packet and RTCP packet by the caller are included in the acknowledging message. In the H.323 protocol, RTCP use UDP protocol and RTP port number+1. As the RTP use dynamic port, RTCP also use the dynamic port. 7.2 The influence of NAT to the H.323 communications Many offices use NAT technology (basic Firewall level) to connect LAN to the Internet through ADSL, Ethernet or broadband access device. The IP phone with virtual (private) IP address can send out TCP /UDP packet to the outside. But the IP phone outside LAN or other H.323 terminals that has received the packets cannot properly send TCP/UDP packet back to the originating IP phone within LAN. Because messages received by the IP phone outside LAN or other H.323 terminals only include external IP address and dynamic port number. No virtual IP address and port number can be found in the message packet. So, when the response messages are sent back to the LAN, the Router (or server) in charge of NAT doesn t know where to pass the relevant packets and thus results in communication failure. Usually, after the call is established, only the IP phone outside LAN can hear the voice coming from the IP phone within the LAN Built-in Virtual H.323 Proxy With Port Mapping With special design, this IP phone is built-in with a H.323 Proxy. The principle of Proxy is when it find its IP address is during one of the three segments specified for private network by IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority), such as [ ], [ ] or [ ], the Proxy will transfer : (1) Q.931 call signaling dynamic port and H.245 message dynamic port which use TCP to the fixed ports, Q.931 port and H.245 port being preset in the IP phone; (2) RAS dynamic port, RTP and RTCP dynamic which use UDP protocol are also transferred to the preset fixed ports, RAS port and RTP port, RTCP port. (3) As the RTCP port number is always equal to RTP port number + 1, it is unnecessary to preset RTCP port in the IP phone. Therefore no RTCP port setup command in the IP phone is required Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

45 Through the above-mentioned transfer, the IP phone will communicate with the outside by the fixed port numbers. This transfer supplies sufficient information for the outside IP Phone to send packets back to the IP phone with fixed private IP address Setting Built-in Virtual H.323 Proxy of The IP Phone The Administrator may use Web browser to configure the ports of IP phone or run Telnet client software, like MS-DOS mode in Windows, to connect to the IP phone: By typing telnet Password: ****** The following commands are used for built-in in Proxy settings: For detailed setting method, please refer to the section of 4.2 The Description Of Fields In IP Phone Web. IP) P:\>set proxy connect (to connect to outside NAT probe server to query the router s P:\>set proxy (The real fixed IP address of a NAT probe server ) P:\>set q931 port 5010 (Setup Q.931 port as 5010 = ) P:\>set h245 port 5012 (Setup H.245 port as 5012 = ) P:\>set ras port 5010 (Setup RAS port as 5010 = ) P:\>set rtp port 5012 (Setup RTP port as 5012 = ) P:\>write (Write back settings to the IP phone flash memory) [Note]: 1.Ports preset by the IP phone shall be within and avoid using the wellknown port. For details, please refer to RFC1700 assigned port number. 2. According to the requirement of the H.323 protocol, RTP port number shall be even number. 3. As the RTCP port number is equal to the RTP port number +1, it is unnecessary to setup RTCP port number. 4. The IP phone built-in proxy function can only be effective under with Gatekeeper mode; 5. Each IP phone within LAN will be setup as above steps, but the IP phone with different IP address cannot use the same port number Port Setting and Mapping on The NAT Router When the Proxy of IP phone is enabled, Port Mapping shall be made on the Router (or Default Gateway Server) using NAT, too. So that packets sent by the IP phone outside or other H.323 terminals can be transported correctly by the Router (or Server) to the correct private address of IP phone within LAN. This is so called reverse NAT, i.e. transmitting packet sent onto the public IP address relevant port of the Router forwarding to the private IP address and relevant port of the virtual H.323 Proxy (of IP Phone). As the IP phone is setup as above-mentioned, it can call the IP phone outside the LAN or other H.323 terminals under Gatekeeper mode. On the contrary, the IP phone outside the LAN can also call the IP phone within the LAN, too. And the voice channels forward and backward will be completely opened correctly. Even when the IP phones are located within different Copyright, All rights reserved,

46 LANs, if their built-in virtual H.323 Proxy are configured correctly and their local Routers (Servers) are configured to support right mapping to the private IP address and port numbers, they can place normal calls each other easily. Please read the users manual of Router (Internet Gateway device) first. And add all port mapping entries to the Router (Server) so that each kind packet will be correctly mapping to corresponding port in the Router. And the packets sent from IP phone or H.323 terminal outside the LAN can correctly pass to the right destination with NAT port mapping technologies. Figure 7.1 The IP Address and Port Mapping of NAT Router If the networking environment is more complicated than the above illustration, please set all IP address and port address for multiple layer Routers with accordance to the same relevant principles. The following figures illustrate an example of configuring port mapping on a Firewall SONICWALL. You have to carefully follow the rules of IP phone s virtual H.323 Proxy setting and properly set related ports without any conflict Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.

47 Copyright, All rights reserved,

48 Copyright, All rights reserved, 2003.