Ioannis Tomkos. NOC group - AIT.

Transcription

1 GREENING the NETWORKS of NEXT GENERATION Ioannis Tomkos 1

2 Outline ICT energy consumption Telecom Network s share Energy Aware and Energy Efficient i NGN A novel technique for energy efficiency Energy-oriented multi-level approach Summary and conclusions and a promising initiative 2

3 Problem Introduction Energy as a novel constraint to design, plan, and operate optical networks The ICT carbon footprint is comparable to that of aviation ICT : large contributor to global warming 3 3

4 ICT energy consumption ICT: ~10% world s energy 2-3% world s GHG ICT Green House Gas emissions: 20% from manufacturing, 80% equipment use ICT emissions: 37% Telecom infrastructures, 63% data centers and terminals Telecom Italia is the second largest consumer of electricity in Italy after the National Railway system (2 TWh per year) (for comparison, a nuclear plant produces about 8,7 TWh per year). 4 Breakdown of worldwide ICT power consumption (2007) Source: BONE project

5 Telecom Networks share Power Consumption of the Internet 0.4% of the total power consumed in broadband countries Soon to reach 1% Dominated by the access network IP routers are major power consumers Our focus Core Networks Source: J. Baliga et. al, JLT, Vol. 27, No. 13, Jul

6 Future Energy Consumption IP traffic grows rapidly driving the backbone energy consumption to very high levels Backbone energy Consumption 2009: < 10% Backbone energy Consumption 2017: ~ 40% 6

7 Benefits and Goal of Green NGN Environmental Benefit Reduction of the Green House Gas emissions Reduction of the thermal issues stemming from heat dissipation in large data centers and switching nodes Cost-effectiveness Direct cost benefit from the reduction of the operational expenses Sustainability NGN need to offer higher traffic capacity without increasing the required power Strategies vary Industry initiatives Government regulations Personalized The path to green communications goes through technology advancements and careful network design and planning 7

8 Terms and Definitions Energy Efficiency Refers to the techniques or equipment designed or developed to reduce the ICT energy consumption without affecting the performance Energy Awareness Refers to a technology or technique that adapts its behavior or performance based on the source of the energy that supplies the network. An energy-aware network may be extremely energy-inefficient, yet still contribute little to the ICT carbon footprint 8

9 Optical Technologies Energy-efficiency and energy-awareness may be achieved in the next-generation optical networks through a multi-level energy-driven framework of design solutions and optimization schemes An energy-driven optical IP network that incorporates greening techniques and technologies in multiple levels The integrated paradigm proposes an evolutionary transition to the existing networks Optics play a key role in the effort to tackle the energy wastage problem Optical systems demonstrate fine scalability and almost constant complexity with increasing traffic and bit rate Architecture Evolution IPoDWDM transport Removes the intermediate layers thus eliminating the underutilized equipment Push down to the WDM layer some of the network functionality Advanced transmission techniques Legacy technology is replaced by advanced modulation and detection techniques Higher bit rates (100G) with constantly longer distances (over 1000km) with moderate power budgets and low BERs 9

10 IP over optical IP routers use about 90% of the total power in IPoWDM Power consumption of electronic routers grows almost linearly with the increased capacity Advancements in photonics enable the replacement of traditional electronic operations by optical Minimizing the number of potential IP hops can bring significant power savings Lightpath bypass enables traffic to bypass intermediate IP routers and the communication between two IP routers is performed directly over a lightpath Power saving ranges from 25% to 45% 10

11 Energy Aware RWA The well known problem of Routing and Wavelength Assignment may be addressed under the power-consumption constraint An energy-efficient i RWA algorithm tends to reuse the same network link along the same path as much as possible so as to make maximum use of the components that are already on. The power consumption of each network element can be considered in routing decisions The energy constrained RWA proposed here, is not only energy- efficient i but also energy aware The process is also aware of the energy source supplying the network nodes and tries to avoid the ones running on fossil fuel 11

12 Energy-enabled enabled Control Plane On top of the energy-driven optical network resides an energy-enabled control plane The properly enhanced control plane distributes energy related parameters including the energy source and the power consumption specifications of the network elements Thus the energy-awareness feature is introduced in many operations of the network It supports the Energy Efficient & Aware RWA also during operation (online RWA) Moreover it exchanges information about the power state of the network elements (On/Off/Sleeping) The energy-driven optical network will be able to put network components in a low-energy consumption (Sleep Mode), supported by the control plane 12 To enable this feature existing equipment need to be upgraded at hardware and software level

13 A novel approach for energy efficiency -I How to make the current (heterogeneous) Internet thinner and rely mostly on extremely low energy/cost Super-Highway (SH)? Proposed solution: Time-driven fractional lambda switching (FLS) based on pipeline forwarding principles Pipeline forwarding in data networks requires global time, which is global time or UTC (coordinated universal time) from a variety of sources 13 Current Internet IP/MPLS AS-IS Less Than 10% of the Future Internet Traffic Same Optical Fiber Infrastructure > 90% Of the Future Internet Traffic: Long-duration and Predictable i.e., Video-based Super-Highway Extremely Low Energy/Cost Photonic Switches Streaming Media Source Pipeline Forwardin g router Arbitrary Distance O-E GPS TDS switch UTC 1PPS FPGA GPS/GALILE O UTC 1PPS GPS TDS Alloptical Switch E-O UTC 1PPS 25 km Optical Fiber FPGA 25 km Optical Fiber O-E O-E: Optical-to-Electrical i l( (analog) E-O: Electrical-to-Optical (analog) GPS UTC 1PPS FPGA TDS switch Arbitrary Distance E-O Streaming Media Streaming Media

14 A novel approach for energy efficiency - II This concept requires the creation of virtual containers for multiple variable-size packets, called Time Frames (TF), that can be switched without contention based on proper scheduling and advance reservations. These TFs can be implemented on top of existing networks and coexist with the usual best effort traffic, allowing the gradual introduction of this solution. TDFLS bridges the gap between optical packet and optical circuit switching, scheduling the state of the switches in advance. TDFLS offers several advantages that make it very interesting i to develop an alloptical switching subsystem: Scalability in terms of transparency to modulation and bit-rate is ensured, since data are always in optical format and are never decoded by the switch hardware. Label/header processing is not needed at every node. This avoids processing of control information at high-speed data rates, saving the cost of expensive Gbit/s transceivers, which are not needed any more at all transit nodes. Packet conflicts at the nodes are not possible. This eliminates the need for optical buffers, leading to all-optical subsystem implementation that is cost-effective and feasible with current photonic technology. Efficiency in the access segment is guaranteed, enabling sub-lambda switching and the delivery of sub-lambda channels to the final users. 14

15 ECOPLAN Integrated View ECOPLAN targets Energy Efficient Network Architecture Advanced d transmission i technologies Energy Awareness in all aspects Give priority to all equipment that run on clean energy sources Energy Aware RWA Energy-enabled Control Plane for energy-aware operation 15

16 Energy-oriented paradigm in the green ICT era For lower power consumption and a greener ICT industry a holistic approach is required In order for any solution to be successful, it is necessary to study its whole life cycle assessment, otherwise it may fall in the rebound effect and lead to increased power consumption and concomitant GHGs emissions. At lower levels, three main actors are considered: a global distributed energy system, data centers and networking. 16

17 Energy-oriented paradigm in the green ICT era Systemic multi-level le el measures need to be taken to avoid the rebound effect when building more energy- efficient systems. 17

18 Energy-oriented systemic multi-level level approach Data centers virtualization and thin clients In data centers, energy-awareness has to be considered from users equipment to software and middleware level down to hardware resources. In particular, from the user perspective, the ICT trend is moving towards a network-centric paradigm, in which energy-hungry end-user equipment (e.g. PCs) is being substituted by thin clients with low power consumption and high-speed network connectivity (e.g. smart phones and netbooks), notably incrementing the use of network for connecting them to data centers and content delivery networks Optical networking technology In networking, the protocol stack may be extended in order to become energy-aware and consider energy as a new constraint. Energy-constrained planning and operation techniques may be developed to achieve minimum required regeneration, minimum usage of electronics and clean energy supply when possible. Also, manufacturers may develop all-optical devices that move some of the traditional electrical operations (e.g. switching) in the optical domain to cut back the energy consumption and avoid the need of expensive electronic devices. At access level, fiber to the home (FTTH) will have the dual benefit of both delivering high line rates and decreasing the excessive power needs of the current access solutions. Resource sharing Resource sharing may play also an important role both for data centers and network equipment. In data centers, virtualization may be exploited by an energy-aware middleware that sends jobs to the most energy convenient site (e.g. the one with the lowest current carbon footprint). In networking, an energy-aware routing algorithm may route connection requests by privileging nodes currently fed with renewable sources while also grouping connections on the same path instead of spreading them over the whole network. Sleep mode Unloaded servers/routers/switches can be dynamically put into sleep mode during low- load periods, contributing to great power savings. 18

19 Summary and conclusions The ECOPLAN initiative considers the open ways and future trends to cope with ihthe energy problem with ihspecial attention to the networking and data-center consumed power. ECOPLAN targets the development of Energy Efficient Network Architecture with Energy Awareness cornsidered in all aspects of network design (e.g. energy-aware RWA, energy-enabled control plane) Challenges, approaches and research trends targeting energy- efficiency and energy-awareness are assembled in a framework that we aim to become a reference for providing an integrated view on promising current and future solutions towards energy-oriented ICT

20 The Green Touch Initiative The GreenTouch consortium was founded by experts from industry, academia and government institutions around the world who have come together to find new approaches for energy efficiency and to invent radical new technologies that will be at the heart of sustainable networks in the decades to come AT&T, Bell Labs, China Mobile, CEA-LETI, Freescale Semiconductor, Huawei, IMEC, INRIA, MIT, Portugal Telecom, Samsung, Stanford University, University of Melbourne, Swisscom, Telefonica London, January 11, 2010 The world took a big step closer today to a green and more sustainable communications future with the launch of Green Touch, a global consortium organized by Bell Labs whose goal is to create the technologies needed d to make communications networks 1000 times more energy efficient than they are today. A thousand-fold reduction is roughly equivalent to being able to power the world s communications networks, including the Internet, for three years using the same amount of energy that it currently takes to run them for a single day. 20

21 Thank you! 21 No hard copies were generated throughout the preparation of this presentation