Green Radio Access Networks

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Gillian Miller
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1 Green Radio Access Networks Journée d'étude INRIA Grenoble 8 Mars 2012 Azeddine GATI (orange Labs)

2 The Network Energy Gap 50 Mobile Data Internet Backbone Growth (Relative) Traffic bits bits/watt Growing Gap! Mobile efficiency Wireline efficiency Year Traffic growth is much higher than energy efficiency growth Kilper, et. al., IEEE JSTQE Orange group restricted

3 Why green? New networks are being deployed and legacy are being renewed to bear traffic exponential increase to be traffic-ready (sustainable) for the next generation current challenges for ICT Corporate social responsibility Understand the main social indicators that make our networks and systems acceptable and sustainable : bring well-being to our customers EU recommendations (triple 20 by 2020) Corporate commitment EU triple 20 by 2020 Sustainable development Promote Green as a service (ICT for green) allow our customers to reduce their own footprint green services (green computing, smart metering and M2M applications) Green drives innovation (revisiting fundamentals, cellular deployment, smart networks) Green ICT 3 Orange group restricted

4 energy consumption global picture From/to "internet" 4 Orange group restricted

Energy consumption of networks : trends Transport CORE Data center Mobile POTS: plain old telephony services POTS DSL Access 2006-2020!

5 Energy consumption of networks : trends Transport CORE Data center Mobile POTS: plain old telephony services POTS DSL Access ! In mobile networks, the RAN is 80% of the total consumption Routing should be equivalent to access in the next years Energy growth is exponential except for fixed access 5 Orange group restricted Data issued from a PhD study (L. Souchon) based on 2006 FT data collection

6 Proliferation of Devices, Services, Platforms Core Energy ~ 0.1 W/user Metro/Edge Energy ~ 1 W/user Access Energy > 10 W/user Mobile Central Office Fiber to the Node Remote Fiber to the home today, energy Use is Largest at Endpoints: Access GreenTouch Consortium Orange group restricted

7 Enablers : How to make it green? Lyfe cycle analysis Tech-eco studies Standardization 7 Orange group restricted

8 Focus : Energy consumption of mobile networks' components Macro BTS is 80% of mobile consumption (access + backhaul) PA is 70% of Macro-BTS consumption ~20-35% of total site consumption Mains (230V) Air conditioning Cooling Diesel generator Rectifier Battery Backup system Site support system -48V PA Analog TRX Digital signal processing Transport BTS RF out ~60-70% of RBS consumption % of a macro-bts is constant Traffic has low influence 8 Orange group restricted

9 1 Sleep mode mechanisms Traffic demand energy saving very low traffic demand during the night can shut down a whole system or some resources sleep mode mechanism shall be adapted to avoid ping pong rebound effect 9 9 Orange group restricted IEEE S. El-ayoubi, P. Zimmerman Orange Labs

resources Compare sleep mode implementations: dynamic or static sleep modes QoS, coverage, Access

10 Sleep-mode simulation system Energy consumption integrated in software per cell or global use of Base Station energy consumption models Sleep mode simulations can shut down a whole system or some resources Compare sleep mode implementations: dynamic or static sleep modes QoS, coverage, Access probability Without Sleep Mode With Sleep Mode 10 Orange group restricted S. El-ayoubi, P. Zimmerman Orange Labs

11 Antenna suppliers Trend for macro BS with a shift of RF from the cabinet to the antenna!! Improve link budget and reducing site footprint and visual impact 11 Orange group restricted

Mutualization (less power losses in cooling) cf conference

12 RAN evolution - BBU hostelling Cloud RAN RRH BBU: Base band unit (digital processing) RRH: Remote radio head (RF) Mutualization (less power losses in cooling) cf conference on Networks architecture evolution 12 Orange group restricted

13 Hardware supplier Power amplifiers large bandwidth systems need drastic hardware improvement mutualization improve energy consumption 13 Orange group restricted

Hardware efficiency -Polar transmitter: 920-960MHz

470-860MHz Polar transmitter Advanced Doherty Class AB

14 Hardware efficiency -Polar transmitter: MHz -Broadcast power amplifier with envelop tracking: MHz Polar transmitter Advanced Doherty Class AB Celtic- OperaNET project 14 Orange group restricted March 2011

multi-cell networks Extension to heterogeneous or Multi-RAT systems Extension to cooperative scenarios Beyond

15 trends in mobile Access moving from «allways on «to allways available Large scale antennas reducing cost Model large-scale-antennas systems new concepts for signal processing hardware Green transmission Extension to multi-cell networks Extension to heterogeneous or Multi-RAT systems Extension to cooperative scenarios Beyond cellular networks separate signaling and capacity cells Activation on demand Advanced context information 15 Orange group restricted

Emerging countries : Truly low cost rural site engineering solutions

optimised air conditioning (very cold climate in winter, hot in

Cells ) New storage solutions (New battery technology, buried

16 Emerging countries : Truly low cost rural site engineering solutions Hybrid PV roof shelter integrating BTS, batteries, diesel and optimised air conditioning (very cold climate in winter, hot in summer) Wind turbine solutions New sources (Striling, Ericson, Fuel Cells ) New storage solutions (New battery technology, buried batteries ) Global optimisation (sizing, sources, storage ) Guinea 16 Orange group restricted

17 conclusion many innovations driven by green technologies need for a global view to avoid green washing and to identify enablers green is an opportunity towards a sustainable digital world balance opex (energy) and capex (renewal) On construit beaucoup de routes et pas assez de pont I. Newton 17 Orange group restricted

18 Embodied energy: materials Courtesy from Grace Grothaus 18 Orange group restricted

Green Evolution of Mobile Communications (CMCC Perspective)

Green Evolution of Mobile Communications (CMCC Perspective) Dr. Chih-Lin I Chief Scientist of Wireless Technologies China Mobile Research Institute GreenTouch 2012 1 Content 1 Challenges in Mobile Network