Network Signaling Solutions BroadBand STP Planner

Transcription

1 Network Signaling Solutions BroadBand STP Planner A planning guide to Nortel Networks BroadBand STP. P R O D U C T / S E R V I C E G U I D E I S S U E 1 DECEMBER 1998

2 About This Document The BroadBand STP Planner is a general resource for providers who are planning the evolution of their networks, especially for the expansion of SS7 services. The BroadBand STP Planner describes features supported in the initial major releases (SSR1.0, SSR1.1, SSR2.0 and SSR2.1) of the BroadBand STP. With a view to the future, an outline of planned features is also provided. The BroadBand Planner supercedes any previously published BroadBand planner documentation and is complementary to the Nortel Networks DMS-STP Planner 1997, /08-97 Issue 3. The planner includes a preface and seven main sections: Preface: A preface to the BroadBand STP Planner provides an introduction to SS7 signaling and STPs in SS7 networks, as well as an overview of Nortel Networks Signaling Solutions products (featuring the BroadBand STP and the Signaling Server platform) and Nortel Networks evolution strategy for signaling products in an rapidly changing network environment. Section 1 introduces the BroadBand STP and includes major release summaries. Section 2 describes the BroadBand STP s hardware and functional architecture. Section 3 summarizes the BroadBand STP s operation, administration, maintenance and provisioning features. Section 4 contains information needed to configure a Broadband STP. Section 5 presents an overview of Nortel Networks Customer Care services. Section 6 provides details of BroadBand STP scheduled major releases (SSR1.0, SSR1.1, SSR2.0 and SSR2.1). Section 7 outlines planned and potential BroadBand STP features (SSR3.0, SSR4.0, and SSR5.0).

3 PREFACE Nortel Networks has combined advanced technology with its worldwide experience in SS7 signaling to create a portfolio of Signaling Solutions products. Nortel Networks Signaling Solutions include a family of STPs (signal transfer points) focused to deliver advanced services and revenue-generating potential in SS7 networks, while providing a bridge to the next generation of networks. To better grasp the crucial role STPs play in the success of a telephony business, it is important to understand the basics of the SS7 network. SS7 Background SS7 is a set of international standards for high-speed communications serving as the foundation for telephony infrastructures worldwide. SS7 was specifically developed to allow the efficient delivery of vital telecommunications functions, such as call set-up, rapid service creation, and deployment of services across the network. Because of its efficiency and flexibility, SS7 is integral to the delivery of intelligent services and placement of changes brought about by the Telecommunications Act of SS7 signaling is based on a common network of three types of servicing sites: Service switching points (SSP), central office switches originating SS7 messages Service control points (SCP), database sites serving as repositories of network intelligence Signal transfer points (STP), SS7 message handlers and routers SSP SCP SSP STP STP STP SSP SCP STP SSP The STP is the heart of the SS7 architecture. Deployed as mated pairs for redundancy and load-sharing efficiencies, STPs are responsible for reliably transferring signaling data between originating and terminating signaling points using the internationally standardized SS7 protocol. i

4 The SS7 protocol is based on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model in which messaging functions are partitioned between seven standard layers of signaling information and the interfaces between adjacent layers. The SS7 protocol comprises four sub-protocols: the message transfer part (MTP) for basic routing of signaling messages between signaling points; the signaling connection control part (SCCP) providing additional routing and management functions for transfer of messages other than call set up between signaling points; the integrated services digital network user part (ISUP) for transfer of call set up between signaling points; and the transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) for transfer of noncircuit related information between signaling points. Specifically the STP handles the message transfer part (MTP) and the signaling connection control part (SCCP) sub-protocols. The SS7 architecture, featuring the STP as its messaging hub, has three important attributes: Efficiency Flexibility Reliability TCAP SCCP MTP Level 3 MTP Level 2 MTP Level 1 ISUP First, SS7 is highly efficient. Reducing call set up times and information transfer time translates to overall network efficiency. Second, SS7 is extremely flexible, allowing new services to be developed beyond the boundary of a single switch and expanded across the network. Third, SS7 is reliable. Extensive network management messages are designed to handle abnormal network conditions and meet stringent reliability standards. STPs in Evolving Networks The implementation of STPs in the SS7 infrastructure is becoming an important factor for service providers as they look to the future. New services, network complexity, and the expansion of Advanced Intelligent Networks are factors that service providers must address to remain competitive. Implementing New Services Local number portability allows a subscriber to keep a telephone number even if the service provider changes, and is an example of an new service supported by SS7, and specifically STP signaling technology. Managing Network Complexity As the number of service providers increases, SS7 interconnectivity will become ever more complex. The STP has specific capabilities to manage this complexity. These include the global title translation (GTT) and gateway screening (GWS) features. When network management tasks are centralized at an STP, the amount of data each switch or network must retain is greatly simplified. ii

5 Expanding Service Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) capabilities will provide for service expansion. The placement of key features will be at the SCP or other Intelligent Peripheral, instead of the central office switch. AIN will also enable a standardized service creation environment (SCE) and the SS7 network, specifically the STP node in the network, will be crucial to the advancement of these new services. The DMS-STP continues to set the standard for world-class reliability with almost 500 systems deployed worldwide. Featuring the industry's smallest footprint and state-of-the-art ATM transport technology, the BroadBand STP complements the DMS-STP by providing a low-cost, highperformance vehicle for the future of signaling. Signaling Solutions from Nortel Networks For more than a century, Nortel Networks has created world-class products for the telecommunications industry an industry that is undergoing continuous and rapid change. Signaling Solutions from Nortel Networks bring to this dynamic marketplace a portfolio of carrier-class SS7 signaling products, including the field-proven DMS-STP and, the newest member of the Signaling Solutions portfolio, the BroadBand STP. With a highly reliable, compact and flexible design, the BroadBand STP is an innovative solution to the increasing demands for SS7 services, while paving the way to the next generation of data-oriented signaling products. Signaling Product Evolution As the signaling market shifts from traditional voice to data-oriented networks, technological change and demand for new applications will present unprecedented marketplace challenges. Together, the DMS-STP and the BroadBand STP deliver Nortel Networks world-class reliability within a framework that accommodates dynamic network growth, as well as interworking between networks. To address the accelerating demand for new services, Signaling Solutions from Nortel Networks allow customers to leverage their installed DMS-STP base through a seamless product evolution scheme. By taking advantage of Nortel Networks growth strategy, customers can now redefine and expand the role of the DMS-STP, from signal transport only, to a role that supports the signaling needs of multiple applications (such as Local Number Portability and Gateway Mediation) across the network. Central to Nortel Networks product evolution plan is the Signaling Server platform, the foundation technology for the BroadBand STP. Featuring ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) as its internal transport system, the Signaling Server platform delivers carrier-class reliability in a compact, yet versatile design. By using high-performance, commercial technology and fully-redundant processing within a small footprint, the Signaling Server's flexible and open architecture reduces costs while delivering advanced features to the marketplace. The power of the Signaling Server lies in its ability to deploy applications on installed DMS-STPs (or BroadBand STPs), providing new options for network planners. With Signaling Server technology, customers can continue to capitalize on the DMS-STP's proven performance, while introducing new functionality in a cost-effective way. As the network continues to grow, services can be added to the DMS-STP gracefully and economically. If needed, the Signaling Server platform can seamlessly migrate from an application co-processor to one capable of handling complete STP functions. Or as market demands dictate, a direct BroadBand STP installation serves as a cost-effective entry point for delivering advanced services to the network. iii

6 DMS Platform DMS STP DMS STP with Co-processor DMS Platform redeployed as Switch Signaling Server Platform BroadBand STP BroadBand STP with new network services (SS7/IP, NP, CNAM) BroadBand STP with new network services (SS7/IP, NP, CNAM) The Signaling Server's distributed architecture means there are no single points of failure in the network. And since each Signaling Server module operates as a self-contained processing environment, applications can be easily added without impact to existing functionality. Looking to the future, a series of Signaling Server-based BroadBand STPs can be deployed using a single point code. Single point code deployment creates a "virtual STP" with SS7 links interconnected through a ring topology using ATM as the switching protocol. The virtual STP distributes signaling functionality across remote nodes in the network; and by utilizing a single point code, the virtual STP attacks administration and operational costs, while facilitating dramatic increases in link capacity. Signaling Network Evolution Rapidly changing market dynamics are driving the need for interconnection between the narrowband voice (PSTN) and broadband data networks (Internet Protocol) for the support of basic call setup and database access. As interworking between voice and data networks expands, the need to leverage existing telecommunications services will grow. The interworking between the traditional voice network and the new signaling frontier, led by competition and changes in the regulatory environment, create the need for new network functionality. Signaling Solutions from Nortel Networks are specifically designed to address this ongoing network transformation. Nortel Networks Signaling Solutions portfolio features the Signaling Server platform--the underlying framework for the BroadBand STP. Designed to support the future expansion of existing DMS-STP and future BroadBand STP configurations, the Signaling Server is the first signaling engine to use an ATM as an internal transport system. By integrating an ATM routing function with an ATM switching fabric, the iv

7 SS7 Network SS7/IP Gateway Signaling Server is IP-ready, facilitating the transition from narrowband to broadband networks, while delivering services required at the boundaries between the traditional voice network and the new Internet Protocol. IP Network Whether configured as a BroadBand STP, gatekeeper, gateway, or mediation hub, the Signaling Server provides advanced signaling technologies for control over new network synergies. Circuit Switched Network XoIP Gateway As the first Signaling Server based product, Nortel Networks BroadBand STP demonstrates Nortel Networks vision of future, and leads the way for Signaling Solutions that bridge today's network needs with advanced signaling technologies to come. Network Management As telecommunications networks move toward the implementation of intelligent nodes for delivery of advanced services, the operation and management of these evolving networks will depend on the placement of a management infrastructure that utilizes standard protocols, interfaces and architectures. The Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) is a standard methodology developed to provide management and communications functions for a telecommunications network in a multi-vendor environment. Underlying the network structure, TMN functional layers will serve as building blocks to implement service management, network restoration, customer control and reconfiguration, and bandwidth management in a dynamic network. Nortel Networks recognizes the profound effect of TMN on network management on customers and vendors of telecommunications equipment, and has taken a proactive role in helping to define and incorporate TMN functionality in their Signaling Solutions product portfolio. Both the DMS-STP and the BroadBand STP are designed to implement TMN standards and extensions that will enable the new services and products demanded by the signaling evolution. Business Management Layer Service Management Layer Network Management Layer Element Management Layer Network Element Layer v

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9 CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction BroadBand STP BroadBand STP Features Release Summaries System Description CAM Shelf CAM Shelf Elements CAM Shelf Organization CAM Shelf Hardware Summary CAM Shelf Architecture Message Flow Operations, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning OAM&P System OAM&P Access and Security OAM&P System Administration Operational Measurements Provisioning Engineering and Planning Shelf Installation Physical Characteristics Power and Grounding Clock Timing Environmental Considerations Engineering a Configuration Customer Care Customer Training Customer Information Telephone Support Installation and Commissioning Warranty Programs Current Releases SSR SSR SSR SSR Future Releases SSR SSR SSR Appendices A Acronyms and Abbreviations B Related Documentation C Hardware Order Codes D Planning Worksheet

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11 INTRODUCTION BroadBand STP 1 The BroadBand STP (Signal Transfer Point) is Nortel Networks first application implementing the Signaling Server platform an innovative solution to the increasing demands for advanced telecommunications services. It is projected that telephony services will see a doubling of SS7 traffic over the next five years. To meet these demands, Nortel Networks BroadBand STP represents the next generation signaling engine that reduces costs, while providing multiple connectivity to the networks of the future. As the newest product in Nortel Networks SS7 product portfolio, the BroadBand STP is a highly reliable, compact, and economical signaling solution for new and existing service providers. See figure 1.1. Advanced Design Keeps Costs Down The BroadBand STP provides the following features that reduce the cost of deploying new or expanding existing SS7 services while providing a flexible platform for the next generation of signaling needs, including: ATM internal transport Compact design Easy to use graphical user interface Flexible platform, open design Proven state-of-the-art technology Redundant, distributed processing BroadBand STP Features Figure 1.1 BroadBand STP ATM is considered a form of universal transport providing a cost-effective evolution path for narrowband and broadband interworking. ATM Powered The BroadBand STP is the first STP to use ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) as its internal transport protocol. Fully duplicated ATM pathways reduce the risk of congestion during high usage periods, and ensure that no single failure can cause a message to be blocked to its destination outgoing signaling link. The BroadBand STP is designed as a modular shelf system. By interconnecting shelves over OC-3 interfaces, ATM data can be converted for processing between shelves. Combining ATM switching technology with commercial computing hardware, the BroadBand is positioned for direct connection to the broadband network. 1

12 A compact design reduces operational costs and simplifies site installation. Small and Flexible The BroadBand STP has the smallest footprint in the industry. Occupying just four square-feet, the BroadBand STP can literally fit in a closet. The BroadBand STP's compact design makes installation easy and reduces associated environmental costs. Easy to Use The BroadBand STP features an easy-to-use Windows-based graphical user interface (GUI) with a point-and-click design. Windows is a familiar and widely-recognized operating system that makes it easy to perform centralized operations, maintenance, administration and provisioning. The BroadBand STP on-line documentation and complete on-line help system (both context-sensitive and static help) allow users to easily navigate through provisioning and maintenance procedures. The OAM&P workstation centralizes operations, managing up to four BroadBand STP mated pairs. Flexible Platform - Standardized Open Design The BroadBand STP s flexible platform permits all functions to be created with only seven (7) cards. This design standardization reduces spares and associated maintenance costs. As needs change, additional cards and shelves can be easily added to the BroadBand STP s simple-to-upgrade configuration. If the system is taken off-line for any reason, automated office recovery can be accomplished within minutes without manual intervention. A flexible platform is a significant contributor Commercial Computing Technology to cost containment, A distinctive feature is the ability to adapt commercial computing technology while meeting new to create a robust system capable of non-stop, mission-critical applications for demanding central office environments. For example, the BroadBand STP uses market requirements. industry-standard PowerPC microprocessors with Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus electronics and VersaModule-Europe (VME)-sized communications interface cards. Standard-size circuit boards form a base platform that can be customized to create functional applications. By combining ATM with the PCI bus structure on the BroadBand STP s system processing cards, performance is kept consistently high even as links or other functions are added. Redundant, Distributed Processing The Signaling Server platform features fault-tolerant, redundant sub-systems including messaging paths, shelf control processors, A/ B shelf powering, Ethernet LAN, and data storage units. Redundant interconnection of processing elements allows the system to be easily scalable and distributes processes across the system. Each processing element is individually connected to redundant communications controllers for all vital signals, eliminating reliability problems associated with computer bus technologies. Finally, each Signaling Server processing element (including link and control cards) is designed to With redundant power inputs and message processing, there are no single points of failures in the system. process data independently. This means there are no single points of failure in the system. With redundant A/B power inputs and redundant message processing, the BroadBand STP will continue to process traffic even if a control card is removed. 2

13 Release Summaries This planner describes BroadBand STP releases SSR1.0, SSR1.1, SSR2.0 and SSR2.1 as summarized below. Complete feature descriptions are provided in Section 6, and Section 7 includes an outline of features planned for future release. SSR1.0 Configuration In SSR1.0, the BroadBand STP can be configured as a single-shelf module that supports from eight (8) to a maximum of 40 signaling links. At 56 Kbps, the BroadBand STP is engineered at 0.4 Erlang (normal operation) and 0.8 Erlang (failure mode) processing 4,480 message signal units/second/system with message length of 25 octets. Features DS0A signaling interfaces ANSI MTP and SCCP protocols with ANSI 24-bit point codes 4,000 routesets 200,000 global title entries 3-, 6- and 10-digit global title translations 4,000 gateway screening entries per linkset Integrated Protocol Analysis (Message Trace) Special Study Measurements Link Loopback and BERT Network Reliability Council (NRC) Items (Phase 1) SSR1.1 Calling Name Database SSR1.1 delivers a Calling Name Database (CNAM) adjunct application for the BroadBand STP. The CNAM application, featuring redundant Nortel Networks CNAM application peripherals, supports up to a maximum of 300,000 Calling Names and up to a maximum of 500 NPA-NXXs. SSR2.0 Configuration In SSR2.0, the BroadBand STP can be configured as a dual-shelf system, supporting from eight (8) to a maximum of 104 DS0A and/or V.35 signaling links. At 56 Kbps, the BroadBand STP is engineered at 0.4 Erlang (normal operation) and 0.8 Erlang (failure mode) processing 23,296 message signal units/second/system with a message length of 25 octets. At 64 Kbps, the BroadBand STP is engineered at 0.4 Erlang (normal operation) and 0.8 Erlang (failure mode) processing 26,624 message signal units/second/system with a message length of 25 octets. Features DS0A and V.35 signaling interfaces. ANSI and ITU protocols. Variable digit global title translations (from 3 to 22 digits). OSS Log / Alarm / OM Spooling Interface 3

14 SSR2.1 Number Portability SSR2.1 provides Number Portability functionality for the BroadBand STP, featuring ATM-based query processing and a multi-vendor LSMS interface. Number Portability is supported for both wireless and wireless networks. A BroadBand STP with a basic Number Portability configuration supports 5,000 queries per second. 4

15 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The basic BroadBand STP system features a Communications Application Module (CAM) shelf and associated Windows-based OAM&P workstation See figure CAM Shelf The BroadBand STP chassis unit, or shelf, is referred to as the Communications Application Module (CAM). The CAM is a standalone unit providing a passive backplane that distributes 48 VDC and serves as a pointto-point connection matrix for ATM messaging and Figure 2.1 BroadBand STP and Workstation essential control signals. The CAM is compliant with Network Equipment Building System (NEBS) requirements and FCC requirements for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). There are two types of CAM shelves: a control CAM shelf and an extension CAM shelf. A control CAM Shelf, supporting up to 40 signaling data links, forms a single-shelf BroadBand STP configuration. An extension CAM shelf can expand the number of links by 64, so that the total number of links supported by a dual-shelf BroadBand STP configuration increases from 40 to 104. In addition to the supported link functions, each CAM shelf houses duplicated communications controllers located at opposite ends of the shelf. Fully redundant, real-time system control and maintenance processing functionality for both shelves is housed in the control CAM Shelf. Communications control Real-time system control Communications control Figure 2.2 Control CAM Shelf Figure 2.3 Extension CAM shelf RELEASE NOTE: SSR1.0 supports a control CAM shelf configuration (up to 40 links) RELEASE NOTE: SSR2.0 supports a control CAM Shelf and extension CAM shelf (up to 104 links) 5

16 CAM Shelf Elements The CAM shelf has 18 slots front and rear. The front slots house the message processing and real-time computing elements (also called mission cards); the rear slots house the signal interfacing elements (called transition modules). Pairing a mission card with a transition module, creates a functional unit called a "system node." See figure 2.4. Interfacing Element (transition module) Processing Element (mission card) Figure 2.4 System Node There are three types of system nodes (See figure 2.5): Link system node CAM Controller (CC) system node Real-Time Controller (RTC) system node Performs signaling and message processing Performs ATM switching Performs real-time computing and control RTC system nodes CC system nodes Link system nodes RELEASE NOTE: SSR1.0 supports the control CAM Shelf with two (fully duplicated) CC system nodes. Figure 2.5 Types of system nodes SSR2.0 includes an Extension CAM shelf with two additional CC system nodes. 6

17 CAM Controller (CC) System Node The primary role of the CC system node is to switch ATM cells (containing either SS7 or OAM&P data) locally or between shelves. Additionally, the CC system node provides a network composite clock, telemetry for external alarm notification and an OC-3 interface for shelf-to-shelf communications. The CC system node is created by pairing a CAM Controller mission card (CC mission card) with an OC-3 transition module (OC3-TM). CAM shelves house two CC system nodes located at opposite ends, each supporting a 620-Mbps ATM switch connected by 25-Mbps paths to every other system node within the same shelf. See figure 2.6. ATM Switching Matrix OC3-TM CC mission card Figure 2.6 CAM Controller System Node The CC mission card is responsible for switching an ATM message to its proper destination (within the same CAM shelf or between CAM shelves) as part of a redundant 25-Mbps ATM network. The OC3-TM provides OC-3-based ATM for shelf-to-shelf switching, network composite clocking, a PUPS (point-of-use-power supply) for -48V DC A and B feeds, and telemetry leads for external alarm notification. Real-Time Controller (RTC) System Node The RTC system node, running a real-time Unix operating system (VxWorks), provides front-end support for the OAM&P workstation, monitors the status of all system nodes, generates alarms when appropriate for certain system-wide events, and is responsible for collecting the system s logs and operational measurements. The RTC system node is responsible for loading all system nodes resident in the control CAM Shelf and extension CAM shelf. The control CAM Shelf houses two redundant RTC system nodes (active and inactive). Both RTC system nodes process each event and store a complete record of all BroadBand STP system data. Each RTC has duplex connectivity to the redundant 25-Mbps ATM network for added reliability, preventing data loss if one RTC system node is removed from service. 7

18 The RTC system node is composed of two mission cards, an RTC mission card and a SCSI disk card, each with a corresponding PSE-TM transition module (PSE-TM). See figure 2.7. PSE-TMs (Transition modules) RTC mission card SCSI disk drive Figure 2.7 Real Time Controller System Node The architectural flexibility of the BroadBand STP allows processing functionality to span across physical card slots. The RTC system node is an implementation of this concept. The RTC mission card is responsible for system maintenance, management, and event processing and loading and downloading software images. The SCSI disk card provides a data repository for static system data, as well as dynamic system management data. Duplicated disk drives are provided in the control CAM Shelf. Each SCSI disk card stores various types of data, such as a software release configuration, logs, operational measurements, and alarm information, and each card communicates with its mated RTC system node via a SCSI connector. The PSE-TM transition modules provide a PUPS for -48V DC A and B feeds; connectivity between the RTC and the SCSI disk drive; and termination for a 10- Mbps Ethernet LAN interconnect to the OAM&P workstation. RELEASE NOTE: One pair of RTC system nodes residing in the control CAM Shelf provide system-level control for both the control CAM Shelf (SSR1.0) and an extension CAM shelf (SSR2.0). 8

19 Link System Node Link system nodes are responsible for receiving, interpreting, and routing messages in an SS7 network and are formed by pairing a link mission card and a transition module that interfaces to SS7 signaling data links. The link mission card performs all SS7 message handling functions, including MTP Levels 1, 2 and 3, SCCP, gateway screening, and global title translations. The link mission card also performs SS7/ATM signaling conversion for switching through the BroadBand STP's ATM fabric. The Link system node receives and transmits SS7 messages through a transition module interface. One Link system node supports up to four (4) SS7 signaling links with duplex connectivity to the redundant 25 Mbps ATM fabric for added reliability. There are two types of transition modules designed to interface signaling data to the Link System Node: DS0A transition module (DS0A-TM) V.35 transition module (V.35-TM) The DS0A-TM transition module provides a PUPS for -48V DC A and B feeds, and termination for up to four (4) DS0A signaling data links (56 Kbps). See figure 2.8. The V.35-TM transition module provides a PUPS for -48 VDC (A and B feeds), and termination for up to four (4) V.35 signaling data links (56 Kbps and 64 Kbps). See figure 2.9. Link Mission Card Link Mission Card DS0A-TM V.35-TM Figure 2.8 Link System Node (DS0A) Figure 2.9 Link System Node (V.35) RELEASE NOTE: SSR1.0 supports DS0A signaling. SSR2.0 supports both DS0A and V.35 signaling. 9

20 CAM Shelf Organization Control CAM Shelf The control CAM Shelf contains two CC system nodes, two RTC system nodes (including SCSI drives) and up to 10 Link system nodes. Card slots in the control CAM Shelf are assigned as follows and as shown in figure CC system nodes Slots 1 and 18 RTC system nodes Slots 12 and 15 SCSI disk drives Slots 13, 14 and 16, 17 Link system nodes Slots 2 through 11 Slot 1 Slot 18 Front Figure 2.10 Slot Assignments Extension CAM shelf The extension CAM shelf contains two CC system nodes, and up to 16 Link system nodes. Card slots in the extension CAM shelf are assigned as follows: CC system nodes Slots 1 and 18 Link system nodes Slots 2 through 17 Hardware Summary A summary of BroadBand STP system node hardware is detailed in Table 2.1. Abbreviation Mission Card Transition Module CC system node CC mission card OC-TM RTC system node RTC mission card PSE-TM SCSI disk drive card PSE-TM Link system node Link mission card DS0A-TM V.35-TM Table 2.1 System Node Hardware Summary 10

21 CAM Shelf Architecture The BroadBand STP functional architecture is depicted in Figures 2.11 and ATM25 Link card Link card RTC SCSI disk RTC SCSI disk ATM25 CC CC OC-3 TM DS0A or V.35 TM DS0A or V.35 TM PSE TM PSE TM PSE TM PSE TM OC-3 TM SS7 network 10 link system nodes for up to 40 links SCSI cable Ethernet SCSI cable Ethernet Figure 2.11 Control CAM Shelf Architecture Link card Link card Link card Link card OC-3 TM OC-3 TM CC CC ATM25 DS0A or V.35 TM DS0A or V.35 TM DS0A or V.35 TM DS0A or V.35 TM ATM25 SS7 network 16 link system nodes for up to 64 links Figure 2.12 Extension CAM shelf Architecture RELEASE NOTE: SSR1.0 supports a control CAM shelf SSR2.0 supports an control CAM shelf and an extension CAM shelf 11

22 Message Flow All SS7 messages are received and transmitted through SS7 links on the BroadBand STP's Link system nodes. There are three possible paths for BroadBand STP messaging: Messaging between links on same system node Messaging between system nodes Messaging between shelves Messaging Between Links (Same System Node) If the outgoing link for an incoming SS7 message resides on the same Link system node as the incoming link, the outbound SS7 message is routed directly to the destination link. See figure CC Link SS7 in SS7 out RTC RTC CC Figure 2.13 Link to Link Messaging Messaging Between System Nodes If an incoming message is destined for a neighboring Link system node within the same shelf, the message is packaged as an ATM cell, duplicated and switched over ATM25 by the duplicated CC system nodes to the destination Link system node. When the duplicated messages arrive, the Link system node discards one of the duplicated cells and repackages the remaining ATM cell as an outgoing SS7 message. See figure (Note that RTC system nodes are not shown.) SS7 in CC SS7 out ATM Link Link Figure 2.14 System Node to System Node Messaging CC ATM A duplicated ATM backplane extends throughout the shelf. System nodes can directly communicate with each other through switched ATM messaging from one processor to another at 25 Mbps over the ATM backplane. 12

23 Messaging Between Shelves If an SS7 message is destined for a Link system node residing on another shelf, the SS7 message is packaged as an ATM cell, duplicated, and sent over ATM25 to duplicated CC system nodes on the originating shelf. The CC system nodes switch the ATM packets and route them over OC-3 to duplicated CC system nodes on the destination shelf. These CC system nodes switch the packets to the correct destination Link system node which then repackages the ATM cell as an outgoing SS7 message, having discarded one of the duplicated ATM packets. See figure (RTC system nodes are not shown.) Shelf 1 CC ATM ATM Link CC OC-3 OC-3 SS7 in Shelf 2 CC ATM ATM Link CC SS7 out Figure 2.15 Shelf-to-Shelf Messaging Shelf-to-shelf communications is provided by two OC-3 interfaces. These interfaces can also transport ATM messages addressed to specific processing elements within any BroadBand STP shelf. RELEASE NOTE: SSR1.0 supports a single-shelf configuration. A dual-shelf configuration is available with SSR

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25 OPERATIONS, ADMINISTRATION, AND MAINTENANCE 3 OAM&P System The BroadBand STP provides a full-featured OAM&P (operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning) system including workstation, duplicated Ethernet hubs, and remote access server (RAS). The OAM&P workstation is a standard Windows-based PC with a graphical user interface (GUI). Up to four BroadBand STP mated pairs can be centrally managed from a single workstation. See figure 3.1. BroadBand STP OAM&P Workstation Ethernet hubs Remote access server Figure 3.1 OAM&P System Ethernet Hub Two (2) 10BaseT Ethernet hubs are furnished with the base OAM&P system configuration to provide redundancy and facilitate communication between the BroadBand STP and the OAM&P workstation. Each hub provides twelve (12) Ethernet ports for connecting to the RTC system nodes, the workstation PC, the RAS, and for connecting each hub together. There are eighteen (18) remaining Ethernet ports (nine in each Ethernet hub) that can be utilized for connection of customer-installed peripherals. On the control side, each Ethernet hub is connected to each PSE-TM, as well as to its mated hub. One hub is set aside for interfacing with the workstation, while the second hub has Ethernet connectivity to a RAS for dial-in access. Remote Access Server A single remote access server (RAS) equipped with two (2) 28.8-Kbps modems is furnished as part of the base OAM&P system configuration. Eight (8) ports are available. The RAS provides several levels of security for external access attempts into the BroadBand STP. For remote terminal access, the RAS has a minimum of two RJ-11 phone ports and a maximum of six. Workstation with Graphical User Interface (GUI) The workstation's graphical user interface (GUI) provides an intuitive approach to OAM&P system management, permitting OAM&P functions to be performed using simple point-and-click commands. Visual tools such as buttons, input boxes, pop-up and pull-down boxes, and scroll bars make it easy to manage nodal and peer STPs from a single location. 15

26 OAM&P Access and Security Access and Security The BroadBand STP incorporates several methods to prevent unauthorized access. Users can access the BroadBand STP only from user-specified directory numbers (dial-back); users must supply their user ID and password to dial into the terminal servers; and security protocols are implemented to further prevent unauthorized access. BroadBand STP enhancements will include restricting usage of various resources pending users privileges, a security log for auditing unauthorized activities, and firewalls to restrict access via corporate LANs. Local Access Both on-site access and remote OAM&P access are facilitated by the Windows-based system. Local access is achieved through the BroadBand login screen, which is password protected. See figure 3.2. Figure 3.2 Login Screen Remote Access Manual operations from remote OAM&P centers are identical to those extended to local users. Through a Windows-based protocol resident in the remote PC workstation, the BroadBand STP provides direct communications to the remote site through a secure dial-up connection. See figure 3.3 Remote station RTC system nodes Network OAM&P Workstation Ethernet hub Remote access server Figure 3.3 Remote Access through Dial-up Connection 16

27 OAM&P System Administration The BroadBand STP provides a comprehensive set of tools for BroadBand STP and SS7 network administration. The administration function involves collecting traffic and performance (operational) measurements for equipment studies, network usage accounting, and network planning. This data supports traffic engineering for sizing traffic-sensitive STP resources and helps determine if additional resources are necessary. System Functions After login, the main BroadBand STP menu screen is activated. The main menu contains three elements: OAM&P subsystem links, Alarm Indicator, and Help and Manuals links. See figure 3.4. OAM&P Subsystems There are six OAM&P subsystems accessed through the menu selections: Administration System management SS7 management Alarms Operational Measurements Logs Figure 3.4 Main Menu Administration - The Administration selection provides such site administrative tasks as adding, deleting and modifying user accounts; viewing users on the system; setting system date and time, and backing up and restoring data and software images. System Management - The System Management selection is used for provisioning and maintenance activities related to BroadBand STP system nodes SS7 Management - The SS7 Management selection provides for the provisioning and management of MTP and SCCP, links, linksets, linkset groups, routesets, global title translations, gateway screening, message trace, special study operational measurements, as well as generating reports and database utilization statistics. Alarms - The Alarms screen allows users to view and acknowledge system alarms. Alarm data can be filtered and viewed based on various criteria defined by the user. OMs - The OMs screen allows users to view system operational measurements. OM data can be filtered and viewed based on various criteria defined by the user. Logs - The Logs screen allows users to browse through system logs, and permits manual or automatic retrieval of log information. Logs can be filtered and viewed based on user-defined criteria. 17

28 Alarm Indicator Located at the left of the six OAM&P subsystem links is an Alarms indicator showing critical, major and minor alarm status. The OC3-TM contains shelf alarm telemetry contacts interfaced with the OAM&P workstation. The OAM&P workstation monitors all alarms received from the BroadBand STP CAM shelf alarm telemetry. Alarms are logged and can be viewed through the Alarms subsystem link. See figure 3.5 Figure 3.6 Help/Manuals Detail Figure 3.5 Alarm Screen Detail Help and Manuals Located at the right of the OAM&P subsystem links are the Help and Manuals buttons. The Help button accesses the BroadBand STP's on-line Help system; the Manuals button links to the complete on-line BroadBand STP user documentation. See figure 3.6. Operational Measurements Critical system resources require constant auditing to protect against resource exhaustion. The BroadBand STP offers a suite of SS7 operational measurements (OM) as part of the standard software package. OM data can be collected in 5-minute, 30-minute, 60-minute, or 24-hour intervals with visual notification for the user. Operational measurements are provided to perform total system measurements, translation type measurements, processor measurements, link measurements, linksets and linkset utilization, special study, gateway screening, alarm system measurements including system alarms, recovery actions and unit errors and faults. Figure 3.7 shows a sample OM screen. Figure 3.7 Operational Measurements Screen 18

29 Provisioning BroadBand STP provisioning includes generic software upgrades, loading and modifying recent changes, and backing up recent change tables. Local and remote users can perform SS7 and system configuration, install software programs, and perform recent change and verification alterations when necessary. See figure 3.8. Software loads are provided on CD-ROM containing software for the OAM&P workstation, RTC system nodes, Link system nodes, and CC system nodes. Documentation and installation instructions are provided on a second CD-ROM. R T C R T C BroadBand STP software is delivered in a universal load, including the basic software required for a functional system, as well as any valueadded software. Value-added packages are managed by a software control capability that can enable functionality based on site configurations. Figure 3.8 Software Loading Diagram RELEASE NOTE: In SSR2.0, the BroadBand STP can be upgraded from a currently available generic release level to the next available generic release without service interruption. 19

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31 ENGINEERING AND PLANNING Shelf Installation 4 BroadBand STP CAM shelves can be mounted in a standard 19-inch, or 23-inch EIA relay rack, or in a 25-inch Nortel Networks frame. The control CAM Shelf (CAM 1) is mounted in the center portion of the rack with the top portion reserved for the OAM&P networking and optional hardware (such as CNAM). The extension CAM shelf (CAM 2) is mounted in the bottom of the relay rack. See figure 4.1. A typical floor plan for the BroadBand STP is shown in figure 4.2: cm (20.25 in) 48 cm or 58 cm (19 or 23 in) Rack mounting RAS Ethernet hubs Power strip No air gap required between shelves CAM 1 CAM 2 Network equipment 53 cm (21 in) Figure 4.1 BroadBand STP CAM shelves installed ( a dual-shelf configuration) RELEASE NOTE: SSR1.0 supports a singleshelf configuration (CAM 1) SSR2.0 supports a dualshelf configuration (CAM 1 and CAM 2) Minimum front aisle 42 in (107 cm) in (51.59 cm) in (51.44 cm) Rack 1 Minimum rear aisle 30 in (76 cm) Figure 4.2 Floor Plan 21

32 Physical Characteristics The dimensions of installed BroadBand STP hardware are detailed below. Total area (footprint) of each is included along with the minimum installation footprint (includes front and rear aisle minimum areas). The weight of installed BroadBand STP equipment is also shown below, along with the calculated loading values for each. Dimensions and Installation Footprint Dimensions (inches) and footprint (square feet) are shown for selected BroadBand STP hardware. Dimensions (in) Depth Width Height CAM Shelf (control or extension shelf) Nortel AP Unit Nortel AP Interface Kit Relay Rack Footprint (sq ft) CAM Shelf (control and/or extension shelf) 3.05 Front Aisle (Min) 5.92 Rear Aisle (Min) 4.23 Total Minimum Installation Area* *Note: Includes minimum front and rear aisle area Weight and Loading Characteristics Weight (pounds) and floor loading (pounds per square foot) for selected BroadBand STP equipment is shown below. Equipment Weight (lb) Rack 35 OAM&P Networking Equipment 50 CAM Shelf (control or extension shelf) 160 CAM Shelves (control plus extension shelf) 405 Nortel AP Unit 15 Nortel AP Interface Kit 10 Floor Loading (lb/sq ft) CAM Shelf (control or extension)* 80 CAM Shelves (initial plus extension shelf)* 133 Nortel AP Unit 5 Nortel AP Interface Kit 3 *Note: Includes rack and networking equipment RELEASE NOTE: SSR1.0 provides a singleshelf configuration (CAM Shelf 1) SSR1.1 supports Calling Name Database Application (CNAM) SSR2.0 provides a dualshelf configuration (CAM Shelf 1 plus CAM Shelf 2) 22

33 Power and Grounding Power and grounding requirements for the BroadBand STP are described below. Power The BroadBand STP receives its primary power from the -48 VDC central office batteries. To power each CAM shelf, a completely redundant battery feed system ensures uninterrupted service if one of two power feeds fail. Both A and B battery feeds are routed to each system node. On each transition module, two battery plants are logically "dioded" together. This combined battery feed is converted to necessary supply rails for use within that system node. Power requirements, consumption and heat dissipation for selected equipment is shown below. Power Requirements OAM&P Networking Equipment CAM Shelf (control or extension shelf) Nortel AP Unit CNAM Interface Kit (Amps) 5 (120 VAC) 18.2 (-48 VDC) 1.5 (-48 VDC) 0.5 (-48 VDC) Power Consumption (Watts) OAM&P Networking Equipment 600 CAM Shelf (control or extension shelf) 874 Nortel AP Unit 72 Nortel AP Interface Kit 24 Heat Dissipation (BTUs) OAM&P Networking Equipment 2,048 CAM Shelf (control or extension shelf) 2,983 CAM Shelf (control plus extension shelf) 5,966 Nortel AP Unit 246 Nortel AP Interface Kit 82 RELEASE NOTE: SSR1.0 provides a singleshelf configuration (CAM Shelf 1) SSR1.1 supports Calling Name Database Application (CNAM) SSR2.0 provides a dualshelf configuration (CAM Shelf 1 plus CAM Shelf 2) Grounding The resistance of the principal ground should be as low as is practically possible. In no case should it exceed 25 ohms. This conforms to the requirements set by the National Electric Code (ANSI/NFPA No , Article ). Clock Timing The BroadBand STP receives its composite-clock timing reference from the network provider s building integrated timing supply (BITS) systems supply. Both A (primary) and B (secondary) composite-clock timing references terminate on the OC-3-TMs of each CC system node within each CAM shelf. The OC3-TM contains an oscillator and an external timing reference. With a pair of network-clock synchronization systems present in each CAM shelf, A and B signals are distributed via the backplane to the transition module for each Link system node. While both A and B sources are present on the transition 23

34 module, its associated mission card determines which of the two sources to use. If faults are detected on the A source, the OC3-TM switches to the B source and remains until the A source is recovered. See figure 4.3. CC CC B Clock A Clock Link Card Link Card B Clock A Clock Environmental Considerations Receive A Receive B Cooling At the base of each CAM shelf are fan cooling units that apply a push-pull fan tray design. The first set of fans draws air through the front screen for filtering and then pushes it up through the front of the shelf. A second set of fans draws air down through the back of the shelf and exhausts it out the lower-rear CAM shelf. See figure 4.4. OC3- TM A OC3- TM Timing References B DS0A TM Figure 4.3 Clock Distribution DS0A TM Warm air exhausted Cool air enters Figure 4.4 Cooling Diagram Heat and Humidity The projected minimum and maximum heat and humidity operating and storage environments for the BroadBand STP are as shown below: Operating Conditions Operating temperature +5 C to +40 C Short-term temperature* -5 C to +49 C Maximum rate of temperature change 30 C/hour Operating relative humidity -5% to 55% Short-term relative humidity 5% to 90% Solar loading (or other relative heating) none a) Short-term refers to no more than 96 consecutive hours, and no more than 15 days per year of operation. 24

35 Engineering a Configuration Since the BroadBand STP s system control, recovery and maintenance subsystems are standardized with respect to a given configuration, it is an easy-to-engineer system. A BroadBand STP system can be configured by simply specifying the number of signaling data links required. Example (Single-Shelf Configuration) If 34 signaling data links are needed, the number of required Link system nodes is 9. (Since each Link system node supports four signaling data links, dividing 34 by 4 equals 8.5. Fractions must be rounded to the next whole number.) Since the control CAM Shelf supports up to 10 Link system nodes, only one shelf (the control CAM Shelf ) is needed. 1. Determine total number of links required. (ie: number of links = 34) 2. Determine total number of link system nodes required.: Divide 34 by 4. Round fractional results to next whole number (ie: 34/4 = 8.5 rounded to 9) 3. Determine total number of CAM shelves required: If number of Link system nodes = or < than 10, then only the control CAM Shelf is needed. Example (Dual-Shelf Configuration) If 88 signaling data links are needed, the BroadBand STP configuration requires 22 Link system nodes (88 divided by 4 equals 22). Since the control CAM Shelf supports a maximum of 10 Link system nodes, an extension CAM shelf is required to support the 12 additional Link system nodes. 1. Determine total number of links required. (ie: number of links = 88) 2. Determine total number of link system nodes required: (ie: 88/4 =22) Divide 88 by Determine total number of CAM shelves required: If the number of Link system nodes > 10, and = or < 26, then two CAM shelves are needed (a control CAM Shelf and an extension CAM shelf). Note: A checklist for site preparation, hardware configuration, and software options is provided in Appendix D. RELEASE NOTE SSR1.0 supports up to 10 Link system nodes, or 40 signaling links (single shelf configuration.) SSR2.0 supports up to 26 Link system nodes, or 104 signaling links (dualshelf configuration). 25

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37 CUSTOMER CARE 5 Nortel Networks is committed to all phases of customer care. This section explains the support every BroadBand STP customer receives, including training, documentation, on-line help systems, installation and commissioning, telephone support, warranty programs, and new feature requests. Customer Training Two seats of training are included with the purchase of each BroadBand STP node. Training for the initial BroadBand STP release consists of four days of instructor-led sessions covering the following topics: An overview of the SS7 network structure and network management Workstation interface (GUI) navigation and management Hands-on troubleshooting and hardware Customer Information Customer information has been integrated with the BroadBand STP into the OAM&P system and is delivered with the product on CD-ROM. (CD-ROMs are fully self-contained with integrated text reader.) The information is available in several on-line searchable forms static help, context-sensitive help, and technical manuals. Each format is designed for on-line display, providing just-in-time information to the user. Because complete on-line customer information is accessible from within the BroadBand STP s Windows-based graphical-user-interface (GUI), operational efficiencies are increased. Customer information will be enhanced with each release of the BroadBand STP software. The BroadBand STP manuals have been designed for on-line display and were developed using a commercially available, desktop publishing software package. These manuals are portable from one computer platform to another (PC, UNIX, or Macintosh) and printable on any PostScript printer. On-line display is activated by selecting the Manuals button from the Main Menu window. See figure 5.1. Figure 5.1 Manuals Window 27

38 Manuals The BroadBand STP manual suite includes: Overview: Contains general information about the SS7 protocol, SS7 networks and the BroadBand STP. Users Guide: Provides detailed, step-by-step procedures for BroadBand STP functions. Operational Measurement and Logs: Fully searchable, text files extracted from the product code. This information makes it easy to quickly and accurately identify an alarm or operational measurement and take the appropriate corrective action. Hardware: Describes BroadBand STP hardware components, including preventive maintenance procedures related to the hardware. Troubleshooting: Describes symptoms, diagnoses, and step-by-step corrective actions for potential BroadBand STP problems. Glossary: Contains abbreviations, acronyms, and other terms used in BroadBand STP documentation. Index: Will provide a context search of information throughout the BroadBand STP manuals suite. Entries will be hot-linked to appropriate locations in each manual. (Available with SSR2.0.) On-Line Help The BroadBand STP interface provides two types of on-line help: context-sensitive and static. Contextsensitive help uses Windows "What s This" technology. To access this help, the user selects the Help button (question mark) from the title bar on any screen and positions it over any field for a concise description about that area. At any time, users can access a second form of help, static help, by simply clicking on the Help button on the Main menu. See figure 5.2. Static help has the following three elements: Contents Explanations of help topics Index Context searches of the help system Find Fully searchable help index Figure 5.2 Static Help Window 28