Usage of Cooperative Communication in Mobile Adhoc Networks

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1 Usage f Cperative Cmmunicatin in Mbile Adhc Netwrks MA.SHUKOOR 1 B.SAHADEV 2 P.PRADEEP KUMAR 3 1. [M.Tech(cs)], Dept. f Cmputer Science, Vivekananda Institute f Technlgy, Karimnagar 2. Sr. Asst. Prfessr, Dept. f Cmputer Science, Vivekananda Institute f Technlgy, Karimnagar 3. Prfessr, Dept. f Cmputer Science, Vivekananda Institute f Technlgy, Karimnagar ABSTRACT Nw a day s wireless netwrk has increased its era tremendusly in cperative cmmunicatin. The article fcuses n cperative cmmunicatin with physical layer and netwrk layer issues like ruting, cngestin, tplgy etc., we fallw and suppse capacity ptimized cperative tplgy cntrl scheme t imprve the netwrk capacity in mbile adhc netwrks. In this tplgy cnsiders the main issues f physical layer cmmunicatins and netwrk capacity. The prpsed tplgy cntrl scheme can substantially imprve the netwrk capacity in MANETs with cperative cmmunicatins. Key wrds: MANETs, Cperative Cmmunicatin, tplgy, netwrk capacity. Intrductin-Wireless netwrks Wireless cmmunicatin characteristics (when cmpared t wireline netwrks) Higher interference, resulting in lwer reliability Types f Wireless Netwrks Categrized by netwrk cnstructin methd Infrared signals suffer interference frm Infrastructure-based netwrk sunlight/heat surces and can be shielded by sme types f bjects and materials Infrastructureless netwrk Radi signals can suffer interference frm ther electrical devices Self-interference due t multipath transmissin Lwer bandwidth Degraded quality f service Higher jitter, delays, and lnger cnnectin setup times Highly variable netwrk characteristics Ad hc netwrk Netwrk frmed dynamically thrugh cperatin f independent ndes N preexisting netwrk infrastructure Ntebk PCs with b interfaces can frm an independent infrastructureless netwrk Higher data lss rates due t interference Frequent discnnectin due t device Subtype: mbile ad hc netwrk (MANET) mvement Cmmunicatin channel used can change Received pwer diminishes with distance Ndes are expected t serve as ruters and take part in rute discvery and maintenance Categrized by cverage area IJARAI.COM July/2013 Page 168

2 Wireless wide area netwrk (WWAN) Infrastructure-based netwrks relying n base statins with high pwer utputs Cnnectins made ver large gegraphical areas Uses multiple antenna sites and/r satellite systems maintained by wireless service prviders Example: cellular netwrks such as GSM r CDMA netwrks Wireless metrplitan area netwrk (WMAN) Smetimes referred t as fixed wireless mre cmplex links, rather than cmplicated netwrks f simple links. Therefre, many upper layer aspects f cperative cmmunicatins merit further research, e.g., the impacts n tplgy cntrl and netwrk capacity, especially in mbile ad hc netwrks (MANETs), which can establish a dynamic netwrk withut a fixed infrastructure. A nde in MANETs can functin bth as a netwrk ruter fr ruting packets frm the ther ndes and as a netwrk hst fr transmitting and receiving data. MANETs are particularly useful when a reliable fixed r mbile infrastructure is nt available. Instant cnferences between ntebk PC users, military applicatins, emergency peratins. Infrastructure-based netwrks perating within a metrplitan area EXISTING WORK Althugh sme wrks have been dne n cperative cmmunicatins, mst existing wrks are fcused n link-level physical layer issues, such as utage prbability and utage capacity. Cnsequently, the impacts f cperative cmmunicatins n netwrk-level upper layer issues, such as tplgy cntrl, ruting and netwrk capacity, are largely ignred. Indeed, mst f current wrks n wireless netwrks attempt t create, adapt, and manage a netwrk n a maze f pint-t-pint nncperative wireless links. Such architectures can be seen as cmplex netwrks f simple links. Hwever, recent advances in cperative cmmunicatins will ffer a number f advantages in flexibility ver traditinal techniques. Cperatin alleviates certain netwrking prblems, such as cllisin reslutin and ruting, and allws fr simpler netwrks f Mst existing wrks are fcused n linklevel physical layer issues, such as utage prbability and utage capacity. Cnsequently, the impacts f cperative cmmunicatins n netwrk-level upper layer issues, such as tplgy cntrl, ruting and netwrk capacity, are largely ignred. Indeed, mst f current wrks n wireless netwrks attempt t create, adapt, and manage a netwrk n a maze f pint-t-pint nncperative wireless links. Such architectures can be seen as cmplex netwrks f simple links. Disadvantages 1. Lw Netwrk Capacity. 2. Cmmunicatins are fcused n physical layer issues, such as decreasing utage prbability and increasing utage capacity, which are nly linkwide metrics. IJARAI.COM July/2013 Page 169

3 ARCHITECTURE Advantages 1. Imprve the netwrk capacity in MANETs. 2. Dynamic traffic pattern and dynamic netwrk withut a fixed infrastructure. 3. There are a surce, a destinatin and several relay ndes. 4. Cperatin can benefit nt nly the physical layer, but the whle netwrk in many different aspects. TOPOLOGY CAPACITY-OPTIMIZED COOPERATIVE (COCO) A Capacity-Optimized Cperative (COCO) tplgy cntrl scheme t imprve the netwrk capacity in MANETs by jintly ptimizing transmissin mde selectin, relay nde selectin, and interference cntrl in MANETs with cperative cmmunicatins thrugh simulatins, we shw that physical layer cperative cmmunicatins have significant impacts n the netwrk capacity, and the prpsed tplgy cntrl scheme can substantially imprve the netwrk capacity in MANETs with cperative cmmunicatins. PROPOSED SCHEME We suppse a Capacity-Optimized Cperative (COCO) tplgy cntrl scheme t imprve the netwrk capacity in MANETs by jintly cnsidering bth upper layer netwrk capacity and physical layer cperative cmmunicatins. Thrugh simulatins, we shw that physical layer cperative cmmunicatins have significant impacts n the netwrk capacity, and the prpsed tplgy cntrl scheme can substantially imprve the netwrk capacity in MANETs with cperative cmmunicatins. MODULES 1. Transmissin in MANETs 2. Netwrk Cnstraints 3. Relaying Strategies 4. Cperative Cmmunicatins 5. Multi-hp Transmissin 1. TRANSMISSION IN MANETS With physical layer cperative cmmunicatins, there are three transmissins manners in MANETs: direct transmissins, multi-hp transmissins and cperative transmissins. Direct transmissins and multi-hp transmissins can be regarded as special types f cperative transmissins. A direct transmissin utilizes n relays while a multi-hp transmissin des nt cmbine signals at the destinatin. The cperative channel is a virtual multiple-input single-utput (MISO) channel, where spatially distributed ndes are crdinated t frm a virtual antenna t emulate multi antenna transceivers. 2. NETWORK CONSTRAINTS Tw cnstraint cnditins need t be taken int cnsideratin in the prpsed COCO tplgy cntrl scheme. One is netwrk cnnectivity, which is the basic requirement in tplgy cntrl. The end-t-end netwrk cnnectivity is guaranteed via a hp-by-hp manner in the bjective functin. IJARAI.COM July/2013 Page 170

4 Every nde is in charge f the cnnectins t all its neighbrs. If all the neighbr cnnectins are guaranteed, the end-t-end cnnectivity in the whle netwrk can be preserved. The ther aspect that determines netwrk capacity is the path length. An end-t-end transmissin that traverses mre hps will imprt mre data packets int the netwrk. Althugh path length is mainly determined by ruting, COCO limits dividing a lng link int t many hps lcally. The limitatin is tw hps due t the fact that nly tw-hp relaying are adpted. 3. RELAYING STRATEGIES Amplify-and-frward Decde-and-frward In amplify-and-frward, the relay ndes simply bst the energy f the signal received frm the sender and retransmit it t the receiver. In decdeand frward, the relay ndes will perfrm physicallayer decding and then frward the decding result t the destinatins. If multiple ndes are available fr cperatin, their antennas can emply a space-time cde in transmitting the relay signals. It is shwn that cperatin at the physical layer can achieve full levels f diversity similar t a MIMO system, and hence can reduce the interference and increase the cnnectivity f wireless netwrks. 4. COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS Cperative transmissins via a cperative diversity ccupying tw cnsecutive slts the destinatin cmbines the tw signals frm the surce and the relay t decde the infrmatin. Cperative cmmunicatins are due t the increased understanding f the benefits f multiple antenna systems. Althugh multiple-input multipleutput (MIMO) systems have been widely acknwledged, it is difficult fr sme wireless mbile devices t supprt multiple antennas due t the size and cst cnstraints. Recent studies shw that cperative cmmunicatins allw single antenna devices t wrk tgether t explit the spatial diversity and reap the benefits f MIMO systems such as resistance t fading, high thrughput, lw transmitted pwer, and resilient netwrks. 5. MULTI-HOP TRANSMISSION Multi-hp transmissin can be illustrated using tw-hp transmissin. When tw-hp transmissin is used, tw time slts are cnsumed. In the first slt, messages are transmitted frm the surce t the relay, and the messages will be frwarded t the destinatin in the secnd slt. The utage capacity f this tw-hp transmissin can be derived cnsidering the utage f each hp transmissin. CONCLUSIONS Finally we cnclude that T imprve the netwrk capacity f MANETs with cperative cmmunicatins, we have suppsed a Capacity- Optimized Cperative (COCO) tplgy cntrl scheme that cnsiders bth upper layer netwrk capacity and physical layer relay selectin in cperative cmmunicatins. Simulatin results have shwn that physical layer cperative cmmunicatins techniques have significant impacts n the perfrmance f tplgy cntrl and netwrk capacity, and the prpsed tplgy cntrl scheme can substantially imprve the netwrk capacity in MANETs with cperative cmmunicatins. Future wrk is in prgress t cnsider dynamic traffic patterns in the prpsed scheme t further imprve the perfrmance f MANETs with cperative cmmunicatins. IJARAI.COM July/2013 Page 171

5 REFERENCES [1] J. Laneman, D. Tse, and G. Wrnell, Cperative diversity in wireless netwrks: Efficient prtcls and utage behavir, IEEE Trans. Infrm. Thery, vl. 50, n. 12, pp , [2] V. Mahinthan, L. Cai, J. Mark, and X. Shen, Partner selectin based n ptimal pwer allcatin in cperative-diversity systems, IEEE Trans. Veh. Tech., vl. 57, pp , Jan [3] P. H. J. Chng, F. Adachi, S. Hamalainen, and V. Leung, Technlgies in multihp cellular netwrk, IEEE Cmmun. Magazine, vl. 45, pp , Sept [4] K. Wradit, T. Quek, W. Suwansantisuk, M. Win, L. Wuttisittikulkij, and H. Wymeersch, Outage behavir f selective relaying schemes, IEEE Trans. Wireless Cmmun., vl. 8, n. 8, pp , [5] P. Santi, Tplgy cntrl in wireless ad hc and sensr netwrks, ACM Cmputing Surveys (CSUR), vl. 37, n. 2, pp ,2005. [6] T. Cver and A. E. Gamal, Capacity therems fr the relay channel, IEEE Trans. Infrm. Thery, vl. 25, pp , Sept.1979 [7] Q. Guan, S. Jiang, Q. Ding, and G. Wei, Impact f tplgy cntrl n capacity f wireless ad hc netwrks, in Prc. IEEE ICCS, (Guangzhu, P.R. China), Nv [8] P. Gupta and P. Kumar, The capacity f wireless netwrks, IEEE Trans. Infrm. Thery, vl. 46, n. 2, pp , [9] A. Gldsmith, Wireless Cmmunicatins. Cambridge University Press, [10] M. Burkhart, P. vn Rickenbach, R. Wattenhfer, and A. Zllinger, Des tplgy cntrl reduce interference?, in Prc. 5th ACMInt. Sympsium n Mbile Ad Hc Netwrking and Cmputing, (Tky, Japan), pp. 9 19, May IJARAI.COM July/2013 Page 172

TOPOLOGY CONTROL IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS WITH COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS

IEEE 2012 Transactions on Wireless Communications, Volume: 9, Issue: 2 TOPOLOGY CONTROL IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS WITH COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS Abstract Cooperative communication has received tremendous