Broadband Quality of Service
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1 Broadband Quality of Service Prof. Timothy Gonsalves Dept of Computer Science & Engg TeNeT Group, IIT-Madras 18 Mar 08 1
2 Overview The users The technologies The QoS metrics The evaluation methodology 2
3 The Next Billion Dense urban areas 10,000 people/sq. km Sparse rural areas Village every 3-10 km Population 1,000-25,000 Within 25 km of fibre 700 m in India ARPU today for 100m subscribers: Rs. 350 ($7) ARPU tomorrow for next billion: Rs. 100 ($2) 3
4 Broadband Defined ITU-T: 1.5 Mb/s TRAI: 256 kb/s Subscriber: Good experience with common services -- multi-media browsing, downloads, streaming media, VOIP, multi-player games Requires 256 kb/s - 1 Mb/s 4
5 Broadband Technologies ADSL over copper Metro-Ethernet Cable Internet Wireless: urban or rural GSM CDMA DECT WiMAX 5
6 ADSL Downstream 8-24 Mb/s, upstream Mb/s max Bandwidth guaranteed only to DSLAM, thereafter depends on how operator configures the switches/bras/routers Good for incumbent operator with many wired subscribers ADSL DSLAM/ Access Network Aggr Switch Aggregation N/w BRAS Core N/w Dedicated AAA Server Shared 6
7 Metro Ethernet B 2 D 1 Metro Switch Metro Core Network ISP D 2 Customer Edge (Switch/Router) Metro Switch B 1 Metro Access Network Metro Switch Ethernet Access (dedicated) C Gb/s fibre access with 100 Mb/s CAT-6 in the building Easy provisioning of bandwidth 7 limits
8 Cable Internet Downstream 40 Mb/s shared, upstream 384 kb/s Requires good quality cable infrastructure Shared downstream 8
9 Cable Internet in India 60,000 CATV operators serving 60m homes $2-3/month Cable connection quality good for TV, not good enough for upstream digital Triple-play products from Midas provide 40 Mb/s downstream on poor quality coaxial plant: CITIUS: upstream on wireless cordect PC + TV CATIUS: upstream on Ethernet PC + TV 9
10 Wireless GSM: GPRS: kb/s EDGE: upto kb/s HSDPA: Theoretical downlink 14.4 Mb/s Deployed: 7.2 Mb/s Uplink 384 kb/s CDMA: CDMA 1x: 144 kb/s CDMA 3x: downlink Mb/s, uplink 154 kb/s-1.8 Mb/s downlink minimum 38.4 kb/s 10
11 Wireless DECT: Broadband cordect (Midas): kb/s dedicated per subscriber plus toll-quality voice WiMAX: 70 Mb/s shared downlink over short distances, 10 Mb/s over 10 kms 2 Mb/s over long distances 11
12 Test Methodology Uses multiple tools (BW monitor, ping, tracert) Measures 6 parameters Tests three servers (ISP, National, International) Repeated at different times of the day Repeated at weekdays and weekends Tests for long intervals to minimize effects of short term variations (eg. 100 pings, 100 sec download) Variations analysed and outliers removed 12
13 Network Diagram of a Test Internet xxx Yahoo Last mile xxx Network Solutions (USA) xxx xxx Singtel (Singapore) User SLT Dialog (a National Server) xxx 13
14 Broadband QoS Metrics 1. Download throughput 2. Upload throughput 3. Round-trip delay (RTT) 4. Delay jitter 5. Packet loss 6. Availability of service 14
15 Jitter and Round Trip Time RTT: Time taken for a packet to reach the destination and return. Jitter: Variation in RTT M = mean RTT, n=sample size, r k = k th RTT reading Measured by pinging n=100 packets to destination 15
16 Packet Loss and Availability Packet Loss = Number of packets (in %) which do not reach the destination (measured by pinging) Availability = 1 Prob[Service unavailable for >30 sec] 16
17 Relevance of Metrics Throughput Delay Service Down Up RTT Jitter Loss Browse (text) Browse (media) Download file Transactions Streaming media VOIP Games highly relevant, ++ very relevant, + relevant, - not relevant 17
18 Test tools Download/upload speeds: Measured using BWMonitor while downloading ~ 5 MB file (~100 secs) 7/16/
19 Test tools: ping/tracert 19
20 Test Timings 08:00 hrs: Lean period 11:30 hrs: Peak Business hours 15:00 hrs: Peak business hours 18:00 hrs: Shift from business to residential usage 20:30 hrs: Early residential users 22:30 hrs: Late residential users 20
21 Conclusions Several broadband technologies for 256k-70m Wired -- urban Wireless -- urban and rural Tremendous potential for subscriber growth Cost of service and QoS are key Six service-oriented objective measures for QoS Test methodology to minimize bias and error 21
22 TeNeT Group of IIT-M -- Broadband cordect, Cable Internet products -- Articles on various broadband technologies -- Broadband QoS study -- Broadband testing partner: Nilgiri Networks -- Links 22
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