Networking for Good. Arjuna Sathiaseelan 8 July 2014 Vodafone

Transcription

1 Networking for Good Arjuna Sathiaseelan 8 July 2014 Vodafone

2 The Internet

3 q Geographic Internet access is challenged q Conventional Internet access has physical limitations q Not economically feasible for a network operator to provide coverage q Economic q Access to fixed broadband in some developing countries costs almost 40x-100x the national average income q In developed countries, affordability limits broadband access in impoverished communities q Solving Regulatory, Social & Capacity building challenges are mandatory

4 Mandatory to solve the Socio-Economic Problem % those not connected Do not need it Lack of computer skills Equipment costs Access costs ONS 2013: 4 million households without internet access

5 Government Digital Strategy: December 2013 q Digital by default public services online q The government could save upto 2.2 billion each year

6 The Three Ps - People, Planet and Profit

7 Questions q How do we enable universal access to critical services? q Do all users need an always-on full blown Internet service? q Could operators provide a near zero cost service to access critical services?

8 Unused Capacity q Mobile: 1 million users q Wired: 18,000 DSL connecgons to one DSLAM q Source: 3GOL, Conext 13 q Network operator s infrastructure are under-utilised q Over-provisioning; Statistical multiplexing; different user access q patterns; 95 percentile pricing q Network operators can sell additional connectivity for low cost utilising the (already paid) under-utilised resources at lower cost

9 Technologies q Lower Quality access by default to all: Enabling less than best effort access => DSCP + QoS/AQM at access q Resilient disruption delay tolerant network: Deliver data even during disconnections/loss q Explore multiple transmission opportunities + BW aggregation q Adaptive QoS (Flexible Service Offerings): Micro-pricing, reverse payment q Reducing peak usage => Increasing unused capacity q Time Shifting (efficient use of network capacity): Transmit data during off peak hours (upload or filling caches) q Enabling edge caching: Reduce wastage, enable edge users to share content locally

10 Public Access WiFi Service (PAWS) Citizen s device PAWS Gateway Internet& Sharer s Access Point VPN Upstream& ISP& Management/ VPN Server MLab Server q Funded by the RCUK- Cambridge (Lead), Nottingham, BT, SamKnows, BISMark, Nottingham City Council q Deployments in Nottingham, broadband performance measurements, sharing experiments and understanding PAWS usage characteristics q Enabling Less than Best Effort (LBE) access q WiFi access points : lack of QoS (both upstream and wireless) q DSLAM/MSAN: Need L2 QoS differentiation q PAWS: We throttle at 2Mbps downstream/512kbps upstream

11 Digital Divide: Nottingham

12 Wardrive around Aspley Total unique SSID = 1067 Provider Percentage SKY 23% Virgin 21% BT 23% FON 61% of BT Unspecified 33%

13 # of PAWS routers ISP Total Measured SKY 6 5 Virgin 10 8 Orange 1 1 TalkTalk 1 1 Tiscali/PIPEX 1 0 Griffin 1 0 q 20 PAWS routers deployed between July 2013-March 2014 q 8 were used by 18 citizens: one was deployed in a public space q Remaining 12 served as measurement points

14 Measurement Metrics Metric Method Frequency Availability UDP Probe (60 B) Every min Throughput NETPERF (3 Parallel TCP) Last Mile Latency E2E RTT Traceroute/Ping to first non-nated IP Ping to different servers 6 hours Every 10 mins Every 10 mins Loss D-ITG Every 15 mins

15 Broadband Performance (download) 1 1 CDF Orange 14Mbps (Offpeak) Orange 14Mbps (Peak) Talktalk 16Mbps (Offpeak) Talktalk 16Mbps (Peak) SKY 16Mbps (Offpeak) SKY 16Mbps (Peak) CDF Virgin 10Mbps (Offpeak) Virgin 10Mbps (Peak) Virgin 20Mbps (Offpeak) Virgin 20Mbps (Peak) Virgin 20/30Mbps (Offpeak) Virgin 20/30Mbps (Peak) Virgin 60/100Mbps (Offpeak) Virgin 60/100Mbps (Peak) SKY 38Mbps (Offpeak) SKY 38Mbps (Peak) Normalised Throughput Normalised Throughput q Fiber has sufficient capacity to share 2Mbps 100% of the time

16 Broadband Performance (upload) ISP Min (Mbps) Max (Mbps) Average (Mbps) Virgin Virgin Virgin 20/ Virgin Virgin 60/ SKY SKY TalkTalk Orange q Sharing 512 Kbps on upload needs AQM/QoS on home routers/bras

17 Citizen Usage Category % Ads 60 Legitimate Uses 22 Youtube 8 Games 5 Porn 3 Updates 2

18 Lessons Learnt through PAWS q Deprived urban areas have network infrastructure with good capacity q Fibre networks ideal candidates for network sharing q ADSL is common - need better QoS to support q Sharers did not complain or perceive any performance issues while sharing q Citizens were able to use the network reasonably well q Wifi coverage, VPN issues, Network availability q Ads are a main driver of traffic

19 Sustainability model q Extend stakeholder value chain for incentivizing access by creating new Virtual Network Operators that have a socio-environmental objective (e.g. local government, NGO) q Digital by default programme could achieve savings of 2.2 bn/year! q Can we get ad providers to pay for the extra traffic? q Share costs: Decouple CAPEX and OPEX - NO can setup or use existing infrastructure while VNO can manage the infrastructure or vice versa q Software Defined Networking would facilitate such decoupling and enable flexible management

20 q How do we enable universal access to critical services? q Do all users need an always-on full blown Internet service? q Could operators provide a near zero cost service to access critical services? Thank you & questions? arjuna.sathiaseelan@cl.cam.ac.uk