VPNs. Communication Technologies Last Points (briefly) VPNs Technologies. Satellite Networks. Telemedicina e e-saúde 2009/2010
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1 Communication Technologies Last Points (briefly) VPNs Virtual Private Networks Main objective o Enable communication between two LANs as if they were together and separated. Telemedicina e e-saúde 2009/10 Internet Pedro Brandão LAN 1 virtual LAN 2 2 VPNs Technologies Contract with ISP o Leased line (it is not virtual anymore) o Label switching (MPLS) o GRE/LTE With or without ISP o IP security (IPsec) o SSL Satellite Networks Several topologies/connectivity possible o Not using satellites (long distance RF connection) o With communication between satellites o With a wired uplink (low bandwidth) connection 3 4 Last Words on Networks 1
2 Satellite Nets Advantages Deployment to areas where infrastructure is unavailable o Could be areas where it is difficult to install o Portable satellite internet Satellite Nets Disadvantages Can be expensive Problems viewing satellites Delay and jitter problems for delay sensitive apps Delay TCP adaptations o Timeouts re-sending packet worse use of network capacity 5 6 Satellite Nets Orbits Satellite Nets Orbits II Innermost, the red dotted line represents the orbit of the International Space Station (ISS); cyan represents low Earth orbit, yellow represents medium Earth orbit, and the black dashed line represents geosynchronous orbit. The green dash-dot line represents the orbit of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. From Wikipedia The Molniya orbit combines high inclination (63.4 ) with high eccentricity (0.722) to maximize viewing time over high latitudes. Each orbit lasts 12 hours, so the slow, highaltitude portion of the orbit repeats over the same location every day and night. Russian communications satellites and the Sirius radio satellites currently use this type of orbit. (Adapted from Fundamentals of Space Systems by Vincent L. Pisacane, 2005.) From Nasa GEO Satellite Image from Wikipedia 7 8 Last Words on Networks 2
3 Satellite Nets Throughput Varies with satellite position (LEO, MEO, GEO) o Delay: ms (RTT) o Throughput: 64 kbps to 1 Gbps SUMMARY OF CONNECTIVITY OPTIONS 9 10 Connection to the home System Typical data rate Coverage Notes PSTN Kbps Ubiquitous Mostly replaced by newer technologies in industrialized ISDN 128 Kbps Ubiquitous Mostly replaced by newer technologies in industrialized Cable modems Up to 160 Mbps Common in industrialized ADSL Up to 24 Mbps Common in industrialized VDSL Up to 250 Mbps Being rolled out in most industrialized PON Up to 10 Gbps In some industrialized Mobile Networks System Typical data rate Coverage Notes GSM 14.4 kbps Widely deployed Even in most developing GPRS/HSCSD 57.6 kbps Widely deployed UMTS 384 kbps Common in industrialized EDGE Up to 1.9 Mbps Available in industrialized UMTS/HSDPA Up to 14.4 Mbps Available in industrialized LTE Up to 326 Mbps Testing in progress Last Words on Networks 3
4 Wireless LAN System Typical data rate Notes b 11.0 Mbps g 54 Mbps n Up to 300 Mbps WiMAX Up to 300 Mbps Latest standard being developed Others Leased lines o Several options available by providers o Mostly a VPN service is used with a regular connection to internet Satellite o Varies with satellite position (LEO, MEO, GEO) Throughput: 64 kbps to 1 Gbps END OF LAST POINTS Acronyms ADSL Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line bps bits per sec IPsec IP security EDFE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution GPRS General Packet Radio Service GSM Global System for Mobile Communications GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit HSCSD High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data HSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet Access ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network Last Words on Networks 4
5 Acronyms L2TP Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol LEO Low Earth Orbit (satellites) LTE Long Term Evolution MPLS Multi Protocol Layer Switching PON Passive Optical Network PSTN Public Switch Telephone Network RTT Round Trip Time SSL Security Socket Layer UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System VSDL Very high bitrate DSL WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access References Victor Olifer, Different Flavours of VPN: Technology and Applications, JANET UK March Last Words on Networks 5
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