Access map. Transportation guide

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1 External appearance of Access map 77 Bank Aoba dori Ave. JR Sendai station Higashi ichibancho dori Ave. Institute for Materials Research North Gate Itsutsubashi dori Ave. Higashi nibancho dori Ave. Atago kamisugi dori Ave. Administration Institute of Fluid Science Kahoku Shinpo -sha Kitamemachi dori Ave. Westin hotel Sendai Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics Research Institute of Electrical Communication Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials South Gate Katahira Campus Nissan Subway Itsutsubashi station Transportation guide On foot: About 20 minutes from Sendai Station Subway: Get off at Itsutsu-bashi station on the Namboku line. About an 8-minute walk from the North exit No. 2. Taxi: About 5 minutes from JR Sendai station Social Innovation Unit Open Innovation Promotion Headquarters Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi , Japan Phone: Fax: NICT headquarters Nukui-kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo Japan URL: Please do not hesitate to contact the Public Relations Department if you have any question about NICT. Phone: , Fax: publicity@nict.go.jp

2 Building disaster-resilient information and communications technology Organization The comprises a Planning and Collaboration Promotion Office and two laboratories the Infrastructure Laboratory and the Applications Laboratory, where research is carried out in close cooperation with the NICT s Network System Research Institute, the Wireless Networks Research Center and the Universal Communication Research Institute. We have close research collaboration with the Research Organization of Electrical Communication, the Implementing R&D output to society and contributing to restoration of the disaster damaged areas The Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tunami of March 11, 2011 resulted in widespread failure of telecommunication networks, which greatly hindered information gathering and recovery efforts. Telecommunication networks were not only damaged in the earthquake affected areas, but also suffered outages across a wider area not directly affect- Dr. Hiroshi Kumagai Director General Social Innovation Unit Open Innovation Promotion Headquarters National Institute of Information and Communications Technology This research center promotes the industry-academia-government collaborations that aims to share the social benefits of research efforts quickly. To this end, we operate a test bed and conduct research centered on three research fields: optical communication technology, wireless technology and information technology. We also engage in joint research Research Institute of Electrical Communication and other departments of, and are also working on collaborative studies with the private sector, local governments and other universities. Infrastructure Laboratory Strengthening the disaster resilience of optical network technology Applications Laboratory Wireless Communications Applications project Research and development of disaster-resilient wireless networks Real-time social wisdom analysis project Construction of real-time social wisdom analysis systems using the Internet Planning and Collaboration Promotion Office Planning and support of R&D business, research cooperation collaboration Research Organization of Electrical Communication Research Institute of Electrical Communication / Graduate School of Engineering / Graduate School of Information Sciences / Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering / Cyberscience Center Departments and agencies Other universities and research institutes ed by the earthquake. These issues had a with industrial and academic institutions, major impact on society. including. We have set up a collaboration collaboration As a lesson of the earthquake, it has been Resilient ICT Forum to share the information in recognized that telecommunication networks are a major element of the infrastructure in modern society, and it is vital to ensure they are resilient against disasters. With the initia- the collaboration, and a Resilient ICT Regional Cooperation Committee to liaise with local governments and learn their needs. In April 2016, the fourth phase of NICT medi- Private companies, local governments, universities, and others Organization of NICT tion of a study by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) on making um-to-long-term plan started. NICT has been working on basic research, as well as imple- Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute Open Innovation Promotion Headquarters Open Innovation Promotion Secretariat General Affairs Department Financial Affairs Department Japan s telecommunication networks more menting its research achievements to society Network System Research Institute Social Innovation Unit Strategic Planning Department disaster resilient, the National Institute of and strengthening its role as a core center of Wireless Networks Research Center Strategic Program Produce Office Public Relations Department Information and Communications Technology (NICT) worked together with Tohoku Universi- collaboration. In addition to continuous work on the collaborative framework that has been Universal Communication Research Institute Center for Information and Neural Networks Big Data Integration Research Center Information Gathering Satellite Development Office Audit Office ty to build a new research center to enhance cross-sectorial collaboration among industry, established so far, the Resilient ICT Research Center works within the Social Innovation Unit Advanced Speech Translation Research and Development Promotion Center Terahertz Technology Research Center Cybersecurity Human Resource Development Research Center academia and government, and set up a test of the Open Innovation Promotion Headquar- Cybersecurity Research Institute ICT Testbed Research and Development Promotion Center bed for promotion of the research. The Resil- ters to maximize our activity outcomes. We Innovation Promotion Department ient ICT Research Center was established in remain grateful for the continued support and Advanced ICT Research Institute Global Alliance Department April encouragement of universities, local govern- Advanced ICT Device Lab ICT Deployment and Industry Promotion Department ments, and industry. 02 NICT 03

3 Infrastructure Laboratory Further strengthening of disaster-resilient optical network technology The most important feature of optical networks is their ability to transmit large quantities of data over long distances using low-loss optical fibers. At the time of a large-scale disaster, it can be said that next-generation optical networks will play a crucial role in the two main roles of this property; i.e., alleviating the sudden congestion of traffic, and rapidly establishing a fast-response emergency optical network that meets most of the communication needs in the affected area. So far, we have been working towards the practical technologies for the introduction of several new technologies that have been proven in principle through basic experiments, simulations and the like. Research and development of elastic optical network It is known from experience that packet switching networks are resilient to disasters because the packet only uses networks for a very short period of time. A corresponding unit of traffic in an optical network is called an optical packet, and by using optical packets in next-generation networks, it will be possible to alleviate the large-scale congestion that can occur over a wide area. Furthermore, by incorporating new technologies such as elastic communication for highly efficient optical communication, we will work on the basic technology of optical networks that are much more robust even compared with networks using optical packets alone. Research and development of emergency recovery technology for optical networks From a proof-of-principle study to construct a tentative optical network by interconnecting surviving multi-vendor optical communication equipment with optical fibers, we have enhanced the emergency recovery technology for responding flexibly and rapidly to diverse situations such as local networks and subscriber networks, and we have accelerated the recovery of telecommunication environments centered on disaster areas through synergy with normal restoration procedures. Scope of R&D at the Infrastructure Laboratory Medium- and long-term planning Fundamental technology Optical fiber backbone network Optical fiber local network Adapting to evolving optical transmission technology Digital coherent Elastic wavelength multiplexing Variable-length burst signal Research and development of elastic optical network Function for reducing congestion by optical packet switching Using self-repairing logical networks to reduce the cost of recovery Optical fiber access network Robust emergency recovery through decentralization and virtualization Research and development of emergency recovery technology for optical networks Integrated network testbed for optical packets and optical paths Hierarchical address allocation Portable optical amplifier Enabling interconnection between multi-vendor optical switches 04 NICT 05

4 Applications Laboratory [ Wireless Communications Applications project ] Research and development of disaster-resilient wireless networks In the wireless communications applications project of the Applications Laboratory, in order to realize wireless network systems that are robust against disasters, we are researching wireless mesh network, which has radio terminals distributed over a wide area, and where each terminal can cooperate with other terminals autonomously. We are also studying technologies for flexible wireless networks which include satellite communications system, terrestrial mobile communications system and aeronautical communications system. These networks cover a wider area and are less susceptible to disconnection. Research targets Even if part of a wireless mesh network is disconnected, we can preserve as much as possible the functions of the remaining parts of the network and link them up with satellite-based systems and mobile radio systems. In this way, we have developed technology to minimize the dead zones where communication is not possible, and we have verified that it works reliably by developing applications that assume a disaster situation. Since a satellite communication system can be operated easily and reliably when a large-scale disaster has occurred, we are developing a fully automatic portable earth station and a mobile earth station, and we are using them in verification trials and conducting research and development of related technologies. Since congestion control is an important issue in a limited communication infrastructure when the level of traffic increases sharply, we are constructing a wireless mesh network system that cooperates flexibly with other systems such as satellite systems and terrestrial communication systems when subjected to increased traffic. Unmanned Aerial Vehiche(UAV) Connection to isolated area such as mountainous areas and isolated islands Communications satellite Satellite and aerial bridge comprising a temporary network used in a mobile manner between a satellite or UAV and ground Fully automatic earth station that can be developed with ease Demonstration experiment in Shirahama Town (Wakayama Prefecture) We installed this mesh network system in a town called Shirahama in Wakayama prefecture, where we connected it to the prefecture s Kinokuni e-net information highway, and we conducted tests to verify its performance as a communication network. This system consists of high-performance radio terminals called Information and communication station located at nodes in the mesh network and wireless communication links between terminals. It can avoid that traffic will concentrate at a specific terminal, and even if a communication link is disconnected or part of the terminal is damaged, it can still maintain communication with the remaining terminals. In four locations Shirarahama, Senjojiki, the Minakata Kumagusu Rooftop of the Minakata Kinokuni e-net: Museum, and the Shirahama Kumagusu Museum Wakayama s Town Hall it has become information highway possible to access the Internet via Wi-Fi hotspots. In case of a disaster, an Information and Information and communication station communication station will provide essential information about refuge shelters and the Big U : Wakayama Prefectural Information Exchange Center like, and on ordinary days we 2km aim to use it for various purposes Shirarahama zone as part of the social infrastructure, such as distributing Internet local information through Senjojiki parking zone Shirahama Town Hall, first and second floors Information and Communication Station (relay only) Information and Communication Station (Wi-Fi spot also provided) Wireless connection Hard-wired connection signage, providing Internet access to tourists and local residents, performing monitoring using cameras and various sensors, Created by NICT based on a map by the Geographical Survey Institute Mesh network set up in Shirahama and watching over vulner- able people. Mobile earth station and portable earth station for satellite communication Satellite links that are normally used for local government networks or as backup lines can be utilized to avoid network congestion during a disaster. We have therefore developed a fully automatic easy-handling earth station that can be operated without a special engineer, and a mobile earth station that can gather and transmit the latest information in real time while itself moving through the disaster-affected region. We have also participated in disaster drills and the like held by local governments, and we have conducted tests to verify their validity. Independently operated wireless mesh networks that are failure-resistant and which provide socially beneficial applications during normal times Mobile (car mounted) node Dependable information system that accommodates sensor information related to environmental and health and which offers benefits both under normal circumstances and in times of emergency Disaster area is covered by installation of portable nodes Disaster Countermeasure Headquarters Refuge A Portable node Transfer of biological sensor information to hospitals Refuge B Confirmation of safety among evacuation areas Smoothing of distribution of relief supplies and information Health monitoring of evacuees Wide-area remote monitoring by various sensors, RFID, and others Compact mobile earth station Enables data transmission at 24 Mbps while running by a satellite tracking mechanism Mobile earth station Includes a 2.4 m diameter antenna and a 175 W class power amplifier; capable of communicating at up to 155 Mbps. Fully automatic portable earth station Can capture satellite automatically without special engineers. 06 NICT 07

5 Applications Laboratory [ Real-time social wisdom analysis project ] Construction of real-time social wisdom analysis systems using the Internet In the Great East Japan Earthquake, people learned that it is very difficult to quickly obtain relevant information when a disaster occurs. According to interviews with relief organizations working in disaster-stricken area, it was also difficult to share information about rescue and reconstruction efforts, and this lead to many problems. In the real-time social wisdom analysis project of the Applications Laboratory, we are developing a real-time social wisdom analysis system that collects in real-time a huge amount of disaster-related information generated during a disaster, and uses information analysis techniques that we have been developing to support situational awareness and decision-making by providing appropriate information. Relief organizations, residents, etc. Questions from relief organization What is in short supply in Kumamoto? Automatic detection of problem and other issues in a specified area Twitter Technical challenges and objectives The NICT and Universal Communication Research Institute have jointly developed DISAANA (disaster information analyzer), a system that analyzes disaster-related information on Twitter. Since April 2015, this system has been made publicly available at the following address: disaana.jp. DISAANA extracts answers to such disaster-related question as What is in short supply in Tokyo? or Where is the place where people have been buried alive in Tokyo? from a vast amount of Tweets, and uses a map to output an overview of the damage. In addition, it automatically searches for answers in Tweets that contain contradictory information to reduce confusion caused by false rumors. This service can be accessed by anyone via a web browser in a PC or smartphone. We are improving DISAANA and introducing new functions to it based on user feedback. We aim to implement a real-time social wisdom analysis system that enables appropriate decision-making by visualizing exchanges of wisdom on social media. disaana.jp Example of output by DISAANA during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes What is in short supplys in Kumamoto Prefecture? Displays answers on a map to provide a bird s-eye view of the disaster situation Pin-points the answers Features of DISAANA (disaster information analyzer) basic necessities relief supplies sanitary napkins Map data: 2016 Google, ZENRIN Extracts a wide range of answers to disaster-related questions from a vast amount of Tweets in real-time. Automatically extracts problems by simply specifying the location without entering a question. Simultaneously finds and displays contradictory information to reduce confusion caused by false rumors. Automatically extracts measures corresponding to problems, and present them together. Handles place names properly. For example, recognizes that Shimomashiki Jonan middle school is situated in Jonan-machi Miyaji, Minami-ku, Kumamoto city, Kumamoto prefecture. Even if a Tweet doesn t contain the word Kumamoto, it should still be searchable using a phrase such as In Kumamoto prefecture.... Displays answers on a map based on the results of place names handling to output an overview of the damage. Supports access via web browsers in PCs, tablets and smartphones without any special application. Freely accessible at 08 NICT 09

6 Parties concerned Local People Damage conditions of communications varies depending on the counterparts System where available networks can be chosen and utilized To 3a System to ensure security by means of temporary networks To 3b Disaster prevention wireless systems that can Main Government Office be easily heard and understood To 2a System to deliver information effectively To 2b System to provide networks at the base points To 1a No available means of Communication! System to gather and share information in the area System to link base points together by car To 1d Areas where vehicles access is possible System to link base points together by movement of people To 1e Evacuation Center Evacuees at their own houses Areas where vehicles access is difficult Branch Office Public Facilities System to connect System to connect base points with base points with networks by car network by satellite communication To 1b To 1c System to connect base points with networks Main Government Office ICT Car Evacuation center Resilient ICT Forum Symposiums and Exhibitions Recognizing that resilient ICT research serves extremely important roles for the preservation of human life and property, and for reconstruction and regeneration from the disaster, the Resilient ICT Forum was established in May The Forum is intended to support collaboration and cooperation between the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, NICT,, and private companies and university-related personnel, all of which are promoting resilient ICT research. The forum is also intended to produce extremely useful results for society. Two working groups have been organized in the Forum: one is for investigation of the regional disaster-prevention model systems; the other is for promotion of standardization and public relations. They are working towards earlier realization of disaster-resilient information and communication technologies. Resilient ICT Forum March 2016:Resilient ICT Research Symposium and Demonstration 2016 (Sendai International Center) May 2015:Flood-fighting drill at upstream of the Kitakami River The Working Group on Regional Disaster-Prevention Model Systems The Working Group on Promotion of Standardization and Public Relations Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Technology Policy Division Tohoku Bureau of Telecommunications NICT Research Organization of Electrical Communication ICT-related companies Local governments and other users Universities, research institutes, etc. Promoting introduction of the outcomes into local governments and other Guidelines for the introduction of disaster-resilient telecommunication networks, Resilient ICT Forum, June 2014 MIC exhibition booth at the main conference venue (Sendai International Center) Disaster-resilient ICT symposium organized by NICT as a public forum event (TKP Garden City) March 2015: Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (Sendai City) Publications The Session titled Resilient ICT Research for Disaster Relief was organized by the in 20 November ITU Telecom World 2013, Bangkok, Thailand, November Overview of the System 10 System to establish networks in disaster affected areas (2) Guidelines for the Introduction of Disaster-Resilient Information and Communications Networks In disaster-resilient information and communications networks, there are 3 major elements System to provide disaster related information to local people System to share information among parties concerned (people related to local government, concerned organizations and local people) System to establish networks in disaster affected areas System to share information among System to establish networks in parties concerned disaster affected areas 1b System to connect base points with networks by car [Mission of Local Government] [Effects expected from introduction] To ensure the security and safety of local people The vehicle is equipped with a package after evacuation, it is essential to quickly grasp necessary for communications. Therefore, information on presence or absence in the communications become available within 60 evacuation center of people for whom rescue minutes from the arrival of the vehicle. activities are necessary, as well as necessary Due to this, the quick understanding and sharing materials etc. of information using phones and data becomes possible. Also, telephone service functions have the [Current Issues] following characteristics: If the communications infrastructure is i. Normal communications by smartphone/pc become possible through the unavailable, someone has to convey information. If there are delays in vehicle equipped with Wi-Fi. understanding the conditions, there is a ii. The same telephone numbers as usual possibility that a timely response cannot be will be available. implemented. It is possible to switch the line being used according to the distance frzom the main government office Link base points together Needs of the stricken areas in the Great East Japan Earthquake and ICT ~several km: FWA Several km~: satellite proposals for the research and Resilient ICT Forum Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan published in March 2015, translated from the original Japanese edition published in June In any case, convey information! System to provide disaster related Information to local people Quick grasp of situation and information sharing is possible Wi-Fi Within 60 minutes, services are started. Terminals (phones/pc etc.) same as those normally used can be utilized (Phone calls are also possible) development to be addressed are described. (in Japanese) (Cover) Guidelines for the Introduction of Disaster-Resilient Information and Communications Networks Guidelines for the Introduction of Disaster-Resilient Information and Communications Networks (Example of description page) Advisory Committee Recommendations Brochure (March 2013) Advisory Committee Report (March 2013) 10 NICT 11