DWA, OTN, and Network Administration

Transcription

1 WA, OTN, and Network Administration Presenters: Shelby Jackson & Gavin oyle Company: AT&T & Vodafone

2 Presenter Profile Shelby Jackson has a Bachelor of Science degree in ecision Sciences from the University of enver, Colorado. Shelby joined AT&T in 1993 doing financial/accounting support for Network Services. In 1999, Shelby moved to Undersea Cable Operations and Management. Since then, Shelby has led the AT&T Network Administration (NA) team. Under Shelby s direction, AT&T is the NA for several consortia undersea cable systems (Americas-1/Columbus-2, Americas-II, Columbus- III, China-US, Japan-US, and Taino-Carib). Shelby s team also supports NA activities for multiple additional cables landing in AT&T-owned stations. For the past 5 years, Shelby has been using his NA and analytical expertise to support/help lead upgrades of several undersea cables, including network design models, contract evaluation, supplier selection, and detailed cost management and allocation. Name: Shelby Jackson Title: Manager, AT&T Network Administration sj2519@att.com

3 Presenter Profile Gavin is a Senior Engineer - Submarine Systems Engineering - at Vodafone and is predominately involved in upgrade projects providing technical and commercial specification, contract negotiation, tender evaluation, project management and quality assurance services to external customers. In addition to this, Gavin is also involved in the management of Vodafone s dedicated submarine cable investments. Gavin has a degree in Electronics and Communications Engineering and has been involved in engineering since the start of his career as an apprentice for Cosworth Racing working in the field of F1, WRC and Indycar race engine electronics. Name: Gavin oyle Title: Senior Engineer, Vodafone Submarine Systems Engineering gavin.doyle@vodafone.com

4 Master-class overview This master-class will briefly describe the current SLTE/AM technologies (interfaces and management/control systems) that are available and how these technologies affect network administration. It is then intended to go into detail on some examples of how a cable system can be configured using these technologies. It is also intended to discuss the efficiency of submarine cables systems. The technologies explained will be as follows: irect Wave Access (to clarify what this actually is) OTN interfaces (ITU-T G.709) LAN/WAN Phy Ethernet interfaces Pass-through SLTEs SLTE cross-connects ASON/GMPLS

5 irect Wavelength Access (WA) vs AM/MUX/Router configuration: AM/MUX/Router configuration WA configuration

6 irect Wavelength Access (WA): irect access to the SLTE client signal (via OF) Predominantly 10G, some 2.5G Unprotected wet bandwidth

7 irect Wavelength Access (WA): Purpose Communication: IP, Mesh-network elements need to talk to each other Control: Reroute to secondary links with similar characteristics (e.g. latency), often on different cables Optimization: Pick and choose which capacity to recover in a given link WA adopted to facilitate implementation of larger bandwidth IP, Mesh networks on undersea cables

8 irect Wavelength Access (WA): Result Migrate the SH/MUX/Router layer from the Submarine Cable system to the customer network. Cable becomes a dumb pipe. Cable network management only has to monitor SLTE alarms and point-to-point link performance (Regenerator Section). Cable system can accommodate various different types of client interface instead of the interfaces demanded by the AM/Mux/Router.

9 irect Wavelength Access (WA): Current Environment Varies based on specific cable technology Increased demand for Ethernet at client interface (vs. SH/SONET) Client interface type software selectable Transceiver selection: 1310 (intra office) vs (interoffice) W M Line SLTE 2.5G 10G 40G 100G Client 2.5G 10G 40G 100G CBR2G5 STM-16/OC-48 CBR10G STM-64/OC GBASE-R FC1200 CBR40G STM-256/OC GBASE-R 100GBASE-R

10 irect Wavelength Access (WA): Current Environment Limitations Is this efficient / cost-effective? Segment by segment implementation and symmetrical SLTE Primarily 10G requirements, often to the same POP for a given carrier Proliferation of lower-speed / muxponder Gaps in bandwidth utilization

11 End-Game: More AN Less More Capacity: Bandwidth density / utilization Flexibility (routes, interfaces) Reliability (protection) Less Footprint: Capital cost of deployment Operations cost o you want fries with that?

12 Questions?

13 OTN is the next step To achieve all the elements of the End-Game, expanded OTN is necessary on Undersea Cables Several upgrades of existing networks adopting initial OTN capabilities, principally at client interface Need to push to the next step full OTN deployment To outline some of the impacts, it is first necessary to review the basic structure of OTN in a capacity management context

14 Optical Transport Network (G872, G709)

15 Optical Transport Network (OTN) Why OTN? Limitations of SH/SONET: Bandwidth efficiency Inability to support new high speed private line services (Ethernet, Fibre Channel, etc ). Inability to support mixed client interface types Limitations of Ethernet/Fibre Channel: Lacks Performance monitoring and management facilities required for core transport networks.

16 Optical Transport Network (OTN) Why OTN? The OTN was defined by the ITU-T in the standards G.872 and G.709 with the intention of bringing together the benefits of SH/SONET with the increased capacity offered by WM and the efficiency of packet based transmission technologies. G.872 illustrates the network architecture of OTN, whereas G.709 focuses on structure, interfaces, and mapping and is based on the architecture defined in G.872.

17 Optical Transport Network (OTN) Structure The igital Wrapper

18 Optical Transport Network (OTN) Structure multiplexing levels

19 OTU from ocean to cloud High Order OU Low Order OU OU Clients OU1 x2 x8 x32 x80 OU0 1000BASE-X OTU1 OU2 x1 x4 x16 x40 xn xn xn OU1 OUflex CBR2G5 STM-16/OC-48 CBRX GFP data OTU2 x1 x4 x10 OU2 CBR10G STM-64/OC-192 OU3 x3 x10 OU2e 10GBASE-R FC1200 OTU3 OU4 x1 x2 OU3 CBR40G STM-256/OC GBASE-R OTU4 OU4 100GBASE-R

20 OTN Hierarchy: Building Blocks In an OTN network, Reference Rate = basic signal rate (e.g. building blocks ) used to plan and manage: Capacity Structure Interface equipment OTU OU Reference Rate Actual Rate (OTU) Payload Rate (OPU) Gb/s n/a Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s

21 Combining High and Low Order OU High Order is functional equivalent of Pre-OTN SLTE Low Order is functional equivalent of Pre-OTN AM / local MUX Can we integrate the two functions into one network element (efficiency and cost savings)?

22 Questions?

23 LAN/WAN PHY Ethernet

24 LAN/WAN PHY Ethernet Ethernet is a Local Area Network (LAN) protocol and is based on the IEEE set of standards. Ethernet is a very efficient way of transporting packet based data however it lacks the performance monitoring and management facilities to be considered for core transport networks. Ethernet frames can be encapsulated into SH or OTN frames and transported over the core network.

25 LAN/WAN PHY Ethernet LAN/WAN PHY Ethernet refers to the IEEE 802.3ae standard which defined the following physical specifications for 10Gbit/s Ethernet interfaces: Standard escription Wavelength Reach 10GBASE-LR long reach 1310 nm 10 km 10GBASE-ER extended reach 1550 nm 40 km These are Client interface specifications that allow SLTE to connect directly to Ethernet enabled networking equipment (IP routers, bridges etc..).

26 LAN PHY vs WAN PHY What s the difference? Apart from the physical layer differences: LAN PHY frame is the same as a standard Ethernet frame. Whereas: WAN PHY frame is designed to be compatible with OC- 192/STM-64 frames to allow direct interoperation. Also includes some features of SH/SONET.

27 Questions?

28 Pass-through SLTEs Refers to an SLTE configuration that is capable of passing traffic fro east to west line interfaces transparently without terminating the client signal.

29 Segment S1 SLTE-S1 Line Client W M Standard Segment Interconnect 40G 40G 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G Backhaul SLTE-S2 Client Line 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G 40G 40G W M Segment S2 (VS.) Segment S1 SLTE-S1 Line Client W M 40G 40G Optical Bypass 10G 10G 10G 10G Backhaul SLTE-S2 Client Line 10G 10G 10G 10G 40G 40G W M Segment S2 Cable Station X Optical Bypass: Wavelengths that transit a station without client ports / OF Cost/Benefit: + Reduces client interface cost ECREASE in design capacity Restricts Routing capabilities Cable Station X Strands capacity: adequate demand in combined segment?

30 SLTE Cross-Connects Glass-through Refers to an SLTE configuration that is capable of passing traffic for east to west line interfaces transparently without terminating the line or client signal.

31 SLTE Cross-Connects Glass-through

32 ASON Automatically Switched Optical Networks ASON refers to the concept of applying dynamic control of an optical network (SH, OTN for example). The aim of an ASON is to automate the resource allocation and connection management of an optical network.

33 ASON Traditional Optical Networks vs ASONs In traditional Optical Networks (using SNCP, MSP, MS- SPRing), protection capacity is pre-assigned and traffic switches to the pre-assigned capacity upon failure. In ASONs a control plane is implemented that has intelligence of the wider network and upon a failure it dynamically assigns a restoration route.

34 ASON The Control Plane In an ASON a control plane is required to manage the restoration of traffic dynamically. Using the GMPLS standards is a popular way to do this

35 GMPLS Generalised Multi-Protocol Label Switching GMPLS is based on MPLS and refers to a variety of standards that allow an ASON to be implemented. GMPLS is defined in various IETF RFCs: GMPLS provides the basis for an ASON by defining the: Signalling Routing Link Management

36 Questions?

37 Implementation and Network Administration of these Standards

38 INEFFICIENT Backhaul SLTE-OTN Line Client W M OU3 OU3 OU2 OU2 OU2 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU1 OTU2 OTU2 OTU2 OTU1 OTU1 OTU1 OTU1 Collocation Fibers OTU2 OTU2 OTU2 OTU1 OTU1 OTU1 OTU1 Carrier X Colo OU2 OU2 OU2 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU-n OU-n Carrier X POP Carrier X Carrier X B/H Customer Carrier Y Carrier Y B/H Customer B/H Customer SH networks have suffered from the misconception that wet bandwidth = client interface OTN networks could suffer the same fate! Costly: increased footprint, collocation and interconnection Example, same POP yet multiple clients / collocation fibers

39 EFFICIENT Backhaul SLTE-OTN Line Client W M OU3 OU3 OU2 OU2 OU2 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU1 OTU3 Collocation Fibers OTU3 Carrier X Colo OU2 OU2 OU2 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU-n Significant reduction in client port / collocation fiber usage Benefit: savings in client ports, space/power, collocation fibers, interconnect fees rive up the scale of physical backhaul! OU-n Carrier X POP Carrier X Carrier X B/H Customer Carrier Y Carrier Y B/H Customer B/H Customer Requires better communication between backhaul providers and wetcapacity owners

40 Individual LS: Simple WM and Client Segment 2 SLTE-WEST Line Client W M OU4 OU2 OU2 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU1 OTU2 OTU2 OTU1 OTU1 OTU1 OTU1 SLTE-EAST Client Line OTU2 OTU2 OTU1 OTU1 OTU1 OTU1 OU2 OU2 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU4 W M Segment 1 OU2 OTU2 OTU2 OU2 Separate client port for each client signal, whether terminating or passing through. No efficiency in the backhaul. $$$$$$$$$$$ BACKHAUL

41 Multiple LS: Complex Muxing Line-West SLTE-OTN Line-East Segment 2 W M OU4 OU2 OU2 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU2 OU2 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU1 OU4 W M Segment 1 OU2 OU2 Client OTU3 BACKHAUL No client ports for pass-through OU-n = cost savings. Same benefit as Optical bypass without the adverse impacts Backhaul to multiple directions of client signal = flexibility Smart SLTE recreating Automated protection capability

42 WA Manual Protection Backhaul Client Client Station A S L T E S L T E Seg. 3 X WA is an unprotected signal S L T E Acquire wavelengths on multiple segments to create protection route Client Station C Seg. 1 Station B Idea: carrier provision both routes (A-B and A-C-B) with backhaul to a POP, and then implement their own protection switching Reality: provision only the primary route, request emergency provisioning around a failure Client S L T E Seg. 2 S L T E S L T E Client Client Backhaul

43 WA Manual Protection: ISSUES Costly: client ports, backhaul in the back-up route Slow: manual patching Inefficient: restore the whole wave Emergency provisioning is an operational nuisance

44 WA Automated Protection Single Line Segment - Or - Multiple Line Segment Line SLTE-OTN Client Line-West SLTE-OTN Line-East WEST W M X OU4 OU4 OU2 OU2 OU2 OU2 OTU3 WEST Segment X W M OU4 OU4 Client OU2 OU2 OTU3 OU2 OU2 OU4 W M EAST Span and Ring Protection Customized auto-protection switching Protection bandwidth does not require client ports Switched (NOT patched), restore specific OU-n

45 WA Automated Protection SLTE-OTN W OU-n M Backhaul OTU-n W OU-n M Seg. 3 W OU-n M SLTE-OTN Station C Seg. 1 W OU-n M Seg. 2 SLTE-OTN W OU-n M OTU-n Backhaul W OU-n M Station A Station B Less expensive: No client ports at A, B, and C Fast: switching, not patching Efficient: Restore specific OU-n in different wavelengths Planned / Programmed prior to event: no nuisance orders

46 WA and Network Administration The role of the NA has evolved Schedules: larger allocation units / MIU quantities Capacity / Equipment Mgmt Mux Plan and WM output Client Optical specs Provisioning / Activation: more complex information exchange from Carrier to NA to NOC/Terminal Stations/POPs Use embedded information (e.g. ITU-T M1400 Function codes) to clearly delineate specific technical requirements

47 ITU-T Function Codes for Ethernet New in M1400 for 2013 Several undersea cables now using these function codes for activation purposes Bit Rate Function Code escription 1 Gb/s GE1 1Gigabit Ethernet 2.5 Gb/s GE2X 2.5 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gb/s GE10L 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN GE10W 10 Gigabit Ethernet WAN 40 Gb/s GE40L 40 Gigabit Ethernet LAN GE40W 40 Gigabit Ethernet WAN 100 Gb/s GE100L 100 Gigabit Ethernet LAN GE100W 100 Gigabit Ethernet WAN

48 Upgrade to WA Many networks adopt WA as part of an Upgrade strategy Update MIU Accounting Principles (Schedules) Highly detailed equipment management More elaborate allocation models/schedules Another layer of detail, mathematical complexity in NA Support Systems / schedules

49 Managing Capacity Replacement Costs Achieving new design capacity usually requires replacement of existing capacity/equipment Cost-causer-cost-payer principle Strategy: Allocation and Re-Allocation Requires clear book-keeping by NA to properly manage cost sharing

50 OTN and Network Administration Same NA functions on a new scale, greater complexity OU-n as the new MIU: New language, new math Activation/Provisioning: framing, protection ITU-T Function codes for OTN: OTU1, OTU2, OTU3, OTU4 TERMA/AAA-TERMZ/ZZZ OTU2 001 NA Support Systems have to evolve Future proof NA systems by designing for transition to 40G then 100G, then???

51 OTN in NA Capacity/Accounting Systems Network Administrator (NA) uses reference rates and corollary OU as Building Blocks in capacity accounting OTU OU Reference Rate Eqv SH in NA Systems Gb/s STM Gb/s STM Gb/s STM Gb/s STM Gb/s STM-640

52 ata Efficient Transmission SH networks are not efficient for transmission of packet based data. There are also inefficiencies in WM systems such as Un-utilised equipped capacity Un-untilised surplus capacity Unbalanced traffic flows

53 ata Efficient Transmission Un-utilised equipped capacity refers to how efficient users are at filling their allocated capacity. Un-utilised surplus capacity refers to capacity that is installed and equipped but not in use.

54 ata Efficient Transmission Unbalanced traffic profiles

55 ata Efficient Transmission Submarine cable systems are not currently designed to mitigate these inefficiencies. oes the answer to this lie outside of layer 1/2?

56 ata Efficient Transmission Consider an IP-VLAN network:

57 ata Efficient Transmission Submarine cable systems are not currently designed to mitigate these inefficiencies. oes the answer to this lie outside of layer 1/2?

58 ata Efficient Transmission Each operator is assigned a separate VLAN on the network Minimum Investment Unit is the lowest access bandwidth possible on the client side VLAN ports. This VPN bandwidth is guaranteed using CoS to prioritise traffic. Each VPN bandwidth can exceed the guaranteed maximum when excess capacity exists in other VLANs.

59 ata Efficient Transmission This configuration would: Allow the submarine cable capacity to be used as a shared resource. Require a different operating and ownership model Mitigate the inefficiencies of packet based data transmission

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