The Revival of SONET. Or Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks... Francois Moore Fujitsu Network Communications

Transcription

1 The Revival of SONET Or Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks... Francois Moore Fujitsu Network Communications 1

2 Fujitsu Network Communications Over 1,700 employees 188-acre headquarters complex in Richardson (Texas) Photonic Research Lab: Richardson (Texas) and Kawasaki (Japan) R&D centers: Richardson (TX), San Jose (CA), Pearl River (NY) Manufacturing center: Richardson Comprehensive sales and service coverage 2

3 Fujitsu is a SONET Pioneer North American History st OC-3 system st OC-12 system st OC-3 and OC-12 ring/adm systems st OC-48 system st optical mid-span w/ DCC 1992 Developed TARP (now a Bellcore standard) st 48xTSA OC-48 system st UPSR-to-BLSR in-service upgrade st SONET survivable access product (FACTR) st integrated LAN/ATM interconnection over SONET (FASTLANE) 1997 Began shipments of FLASH-192 transport system 1997 Shipped a cumulative total of more than 100,000 SONET nodes 1998 Began shipments of FLASHWAVE DWDM system 2001 Launched FLASHWAVE 4100, 4300, 4500 metro platforms 2001 Introduced FLASHWAVE 7700 DWDM LH system 2001 Shipped a cumulative total of more than 280,000 SONET nodes 2002 Shipped a cumulative total of 300,000 SONET & DWDM nodes 3

4 Once Upon a Time There was Divestiture The old Ma-Bell was broken in 1984 The original 7 RBOCs are created AT&T becomes a long distance provider and MCI and others can compete This divestiture started the era of competition in telecom Costs had to come down and efficiency had to increase Long Distance became a business in itself Optical long distance networks were a logical approach 4

5 The Origins of SONET Created in the 80 s under Bellcore as GR-253-CORE, GR-1230-CORE and GR-1400-CORE SONET was created in an era dominated by voice circuits STS-1 carries a DS3 VT1.5 carries a DS1 Deployment focuses on carrying DS1s and DS3s optically Very successful in North America Hundred of thousands of Network Elements THE standard for the last 15 years SONET drastically improved the North American network Reduced the need for regenerators Allowed an evolution to DWDM It increased capacity and reduced the transport cost on a per bit basis 5

6 A Resounding Success Virtually every major carrier in North America extensively deployed SONET Network Elements 6

7 Deregulation: The Sequel Deregulation was pushed further in 1995 The local loop was open to competition Local providers were also allowed to enter long distance Everything is broken wide open It is also the end of the millenium The internet is booming Y2K fears are pushing investment The stock market is booming Capital is widely available Telecom is the place to be Startups are mushrooming Everyone will become a millionaire Stock Options and IPOs are part of everyone s vocabulary Prediction of SONET s Demise are Everywhere... 7

8 Sequels Are Never As Good We ll have to work a little longer Hardware.com will not take over Home Depot and Lowe s Analysts once thought they would Can UPS ship 2x4 s anyway? Funding ran out for Start-Ups Relied on fraud and lies to keep the bubble going a little longer but It always catches up to you Casualties are everywhere Not enough space to list them here I need a whole slide 8

9 So Many Casualties Nortel Network and Lucent stocks drop below $1.00 Many Chapter 11 proceedings: JDS Uniphase reports a $52B annual loss (2001) SEC investigation into Qwest and Lucent Many personal lives are affected Over 250,000 telecom jobs are eliminated 9

10 The Unintended Consequence SONET to the Rescue The existing network suddenly looks good It is there It is mostly paid for SONET looks good for an aging dinosaur But the telecom bubble has changed the rules: Efficiency is the key: We need to pay our debt Data traffic rules! Voice will never catch up North American traffic dropped 7% when Napster was shut down 30% of North American traffic is spam and increasing! Video is also emerging from Disney, Music Videos all the way to well never mind! SONET had to adapt to this new reality and be more than a one trick poney for voice It has to become more efficient and support data services It also has to do everything more efficiently 10

11 First Generation SONET Strictly an ADM Traffic enters from the low-speed side and is mapped to the highspeed side Fixed high-speed side You are an OC-3, OC-12, OC-48 or OC-192 device Increase in capacity implies new device No grooming capability Partially used bandwidth is transported as-is Must rely on other device for grooming No data capabilities This leads to: Excessive deployment in Central Office Overlay of many specialized networks 11

12 First Generation SONET OC-3 ADM OC-3 OC-3 ADM CO IOF OC-12 ADM OC-12 ADM OC-48 ADM OC-12 OC-12 OC-48 OC-12 ADM OC-12 ADM OC-48 ADM DSX / LGX DCS DSX / LGX OC-48 ADM OC-48 OC-48 ADM OC-48 OC-48 ADM As many Network Elements as there are incoming rings Everything is dropped electrically into a massive DCS Everything is taken electrically from the DCS to yet another SONET network element Multiply this picture by 10 for a large Central Office and by hundreds for the whole country Miles and miles of electrical cabling Each Network Element needs to be programmed for every individual connection Now, try to provision a DS3 from Los Angeles to New-York through this type of mess 12

13 Next-Generation SONET to the Rescue The year 2000 s brought a new generation of SONET Network Elements Capacity is upgradeable No more low-speed to high-speed only Features any-port to any-port connectivity Multi-ring support up to 80 in many cases Both VT1.5 and STS-1 grooming capabilities Literally absorbing dozens of first generation SONET devices into a single Next-Generation SONET device 13

14 Next Generation SONET Unrestricted Architecture STS & VT1.5 Switch Fabric Block Diagram Large STS TSI Matrix Large VT1.5 TSI Matrix Serial Link Processor Any port to any port connectivity both at the STS & VT1.5 14

15 The Same Picture Using Today s Technology Access NE OC-3 CO Access NE OC-12 Access NE Access NE OC-12 OC-48 Next Generation SONET OC-48 OC-192 Access NE OC-48 IOF A single next-generation SONET network element can support many access rings Some systems support up to 80 access rings An 80 to 1 improvement against the old technology!!! Traffic from any ring can be connected to any other ring In many cases, it eliminates the need for a Cross Connect System No need for ANY electrical interface and no cabling This drastically ease the design, management and provisioning of today s network It is a quantum leap improvement!!! 15

16 A Real Life Example One of our major customer was facing the following: A Central Office in one of their Tier 1 cities was full They had earmarked $10M dollars to build new floors above the existing building Have you ever considered adding a house on top of your current one? Fujitsu proposed an alternative: Replace the first-generation SONET equipment with nextgeneration equipment to reclaim the space They replaced 52 bays of equipment with 6 bays of FLASHWAVE 4000 equipment at a mere fraction of the initial budget The first generation equipment could also be redeployed elsewhere for an additional equipment saving Disruption was minimized, no power and cooling upgrade was required and their tax bill did not increase Power Space Investment 16

17 Next-Generation SONET What About Data? The telecom meltdown has generated one lasting consequence Data has passed voice content in the network This is true today and this dominance will only increase SONET remains as the dominant optical transport technology But it must evolve to meet this new reality Data stream mapping to SONET has to be simplified Data transport has to become efficient OAM has to be simplified Recent steps have been taken in that direction Generic Frame Procedure (GFP) Virtual Concatenation Link Capacity Access Scheme (LCAS) 17

18 GFP & Popular Data Streams The GFP standard has defined the GFP Mode used to transport the most popular client signals Fibre Channel FICON ESCON DVB GigE Ethernet PPP RPR GFP Transparent Mode GFP Frame Mapped Mode Other Client Signals with no classification: 10GE WAN/LAN PHY (ITU doesn t support LAN PHY) MPLS based services D1 Video One encapsulation for all data protocols 18

19 The SONET Mapping Choices Using Plain SONET Ethernet (10Base-T) Fast Ethernet (100Base-T) 10BT STS-1 10BaseT into STS-1 No frame drop ever Overkill by at least 80% 10/100 BT 100BaseT into STS-1 Only 51Mb/s available Drop frames if traffic gets above 51Mb/s 10/100 BT 100BaseT into STS-3c No frame drop ever Overkill by at least 33% Gigabit Ethernet (1000Base-SX/LX) GigE into STS-48c No frame drop ever Overkill by 50% GigE into STS-1 Only 51Mb/s available Drop frames if traffic gets above 51Mb/s GigE into STS-3c Only 155Mb/s available Drop frames if traffic gets above 155Mb/s GigE into STS-12c Only 622Mb/s available Drop frames if traffic gets above 622Mb/s Gigabit Ethernet STS-48c Conclusion: You either risk dropping frames or wasting bandwidth 19

20 Virtual Concatenation Customizing your SONET Facility Virtual Concatenation was created to resolve the misalignment between the Ethernet and SONET rates It combines a number of STS-1 or STS-3c to create a facility which is either: A multiple of 51Mb/s using STS-1s A multiple of 155Mb/s using STS-3c s These facilities are labeled STS-1-Mv when using STS-1s STS-3c-Mv when using STS-3c s For example: One can implement a 100Mb/s facility using 2 parallel STS-1s The resulting facility is an STS-1-2v Overhead STS-1 Payload 125us STS-1-4v 20

21 Data Stream Efficiency Using VCAT Data SONET Efficiency Fast Ethernet ESCON D1 Video Fibre Channel FICON Gigabit Ethernet 100 Mb/s 200 Mb/s 216 Mb/s 400 Mb/s 800 Mb/s 1 Gb/s 1 Gb/s 10 Gb Ethernet 10 Gb/s STS-1-2v 96% STS-1-4v 96% STS-1-5v 83% STS-1-8v 96% STS-1-16v 96% STS-1-20v 96% STS-1-20v 96% STS-192c 100% GFP Provides Support for every Data Services With VCAT, the lowest efficiency becomes 83% 21

22 Link Capacity Access Scheme (LCAS) Dynamically Scale your Bandwidth Data transport can have variable bandwidth requirements Time of day Day of the week / month VCAT improves bandwidth efficiency or "fit" with data services This is a good start... LCAS is a protocol scheme that dynamically adjusts the size of "VCAT pipes" to meet changing bandwidth requirements Allows end-user to have "bandwidth on demand" Eliminates weeks / months for telco to re-provision circuits Allows end terminals (A to Z) to dynamically adjust bandwidth across a network LCAS continually sends status & control packets between nodes Both ends communicate & agree (handshake) prior to any bandwidth changes 22

23 Summary Next-Generation SONET Network Elements are up to the challenge!!! They have allowed to take some of the operating costs out of the network They can accommodate a wide range of data applications as well as traditional DS1 and DS3 services: DS1 and DS3 services are still supported Efficient Ethernet transport now available DVB-ASI transport will emerge before year end Fiber Channel and Storage is around the corner Next Generation SONET Network Elements can be used as the foundation of tomorrow s Transport Network 23

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