1/22/2014. Introduction to IT Networking for Facilities Managment. Overview. Overview

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1 Introduction to IT Networking for Facilities Managment Roberto Del Real, P.E. Control Systems Manager University of Texas at Austin Overview Introduction to UT Austin Understanding basic network structure Network operating systems Network protocols Fault tolerance and high availability 2 The OSI model Overview Networking media and connectors Network Security Application Examples Additional Notes Summary 3 1

Power Plant 18,000,000 3,996,762 345,000,000 4 Operations at a Glance 345 million kwh Delivered Annually Peak Steam Load 194,000 lbs/hr 715 million lbs Delivered Annually

Demineralized Water for Labs Deliver Compressed Air Centrally to all Buildings 5 Control Systems Ovation Allen Bradley GE Micronet Operations at a Glance SCADA Electrical

2 Power Plant 18,000,000 3,996, ,000,000 4 Operations at a Glance 345 million kwh Delivered Annually Peak Steam Load 194,000 lbs/hr 715 million lbs Delivered Annually Peak Cooling Load 35,000 Tons 147 million ton-hours Annually Chilling Plants Consume 108 million kwh Annually Return over 90% of Steam Condensate Deliver 10 MG of Demineralized Water for Labs Deliver Compressed Air Centrally to all Buildings 5 Control Systems Ovation Allen Bradley GE Micronet Operations at a Glance SCADA Electrical Systems Power Relay System Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories GE - Cimplicity Campus Metering (electricity, steam, chilled water & domestic water) (700 meters) GE Versamax PLC s 6 2

3 UT- UEM Networking 7 Operations at a Glance Real Time Plant Models Real Time Hydraulic Model of Chilled Water Distribution System Optimized Chilled Water Distribution System 8 Operations at a Glance Troubleshooting Indusoft HMI & SCADA Proficy Historians Ovation Historian BNF Technology Plant Health Index (future) Enterprise Management Indusoft Historian Instep Billing Solutions EDNA and EBS 9 3

4 Network Topologies Bus Star Mesh Ring Wireless 10 Network Topologies 11 UTA UEM VFD Networks Bus A Bus B AB ControlNet Protocol Redundant Bus Network 12 4

Network Topologies 13 UTA UEM Fiber Optic Networks Devices or Ethernet

A Self-healing ring consists of two data paths.

When there is a fault (cable or failed device), the data path will turn

5 Network Topologies 13 UTA UEM Fiber Optic Networks Devices or Ethernet Switches each carrying up to 20 devices 14 UTA UEM Self-healing FO Rings A Self-healing ring consists of two data paths. Ring A and Ring B, with each data path running in an opposite direction to the other. Under normal operation, only the primary data path (Ring A) is used. When there is a fault (cable or failed device), the data path will turn around before it reaches the fault or failed unit and use the secondary data path to complete the link. In this manner, the data path will remain intact. 15 5

6 Network Topologies 16 Segments and Backbones A segment can either be a physical cable or a logical segment. An 8 foot piece twisted-pair CAT5 cable can be called a physical cable segment. Logical segments contain all the computers interconnected in the same network. A backbone is the main cable segment in the network. 17 Segments and Backbones 18 6

7 Network Operating Systems NOS: Refers to software that implements an operating system of some kind that is oriented to computer networking. Network operating systems can operate in a peer-topeer or a client/server environment. 19 Network Operating Systems In a peer-to-peer network operating systems users are allowed to share resources and files located on their computers and access shared resources from others. In a client/server architecture, a server enables multiple clients to serve resources. 20 Network Protocols Data is put into packets containing information about its source and destination before it is transmitted across a network. A protocol is a language used by computers and/or controllers for communicating over the network. 21 7

8 Network Protocols The various computer network protocols used are: Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX). Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI). 22 Network Protocols Process Control Network protocols: OPC It is implemented in server/client pairs. The OPC server is a software program that converts the hardware communication protocol used by a PLC into the OPC protocol. 23 The OPC client software is any program that needs to connect to the hardware, such as an HMI. The OPC client uses the OPC server to get data from or send commands to the hardware. Network Protocols Process Control Network protocols: ModBus TCP/IP It is a variant of the MODBUS family of simple, vendor-neutral communication protocols intended for supervision and control of automation equipment. It covers the use of ModBus messaging in an 'Intranet' or 'Internet' environment using the TCP/IP protocols. 24 The most common use of the protocols at this time are for Ethernet attachment of PLC's, I/O modules, and 'gateways' to other simple field buses or I/O networks. 8

9 Network Protocols Process Control Network protocols: Control Net - Is a member of the CIP (Common Industrial Protocol) network family. Control Net offers good real-time capabilities providing highspeed deterministic transmission for time-critical I/O data and messaging data. 25 Determinism is the ability to reliably predict when data will be delivered, and repeatability ensures that transmit times are constant and unaffected by devices connecting to, or leaving, the network. Fault Tolerance and High Availability Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) minimizes loss of data when problems occur in accessing data on a hard disk. Standardized strategies for fault tolerance are categorized in RAID levels Fault Tolerance and High Availability Data integrity can be ensured by: Mirroring Duplexing Striping with and without parity Volumes Tape backup 27 9

Fault Tolerance and High Availability Striping Striping improves performance by spreading data across multiple disks.

10 Fault Tolerance and High Availability Disk mirroring writes data to two separate disks. 28 Fault Tolerance and High Availability 29 Disk duplexing provides fault protection for your data and disk controller. Fault Tolerance and High Availability Striping Striping improves performance by spreading data across multiple disks. Fault-tolerant functionality is added to disk striping with addition of parity information in one of the stripes. With stripe set with parity, disk utilization increases as the 30 number of disks increase, providing a lower cost per megabyte. 10

11 Fault Tolerance and High Availability Volumes They are part of a hard disk used to store information, also referred to as drive letters. Most network servers have two volumes - a system volume that holds the network operating system, and a data volume. 31 The OSI Model In the Open Systems Interconnection - OSI model, data is transmitted down through the layers, across the medium, and back up through the layers. Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one station, and proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy. 32 Networking Media and Connectors Cabling Coaxial cable. CAT3 and CAT5 cabling. Fiber-optic cable. Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) vs. Shielded twisted-pair (STP)

12 Cabling Coax It is made up of a single solid-core wire, and braided wire covering for protection against electromagnetic interference. It is resistant to signal weakening. It connects longer distance, is reliable, and supports high data rates. 34 Cabling CAT3 and CAT5 CAT3 is a voice grade cable used in phone networks, and provides speeds of up to 10 Mbps. CAT5 is a standard that enables data transmission up to 100 Mbps and is the highest rating of the UTP cable. 35 Cabling Fiber Optic It carries digital data signals in the form of pulses of light. The concentric cladding around the thin cylindrical glass core makes it immune to cross-talk and outside electrical noise. It supports up to 1000 stations, and can carry data over long distances

Cabling - UTP Vs. STP UTP cables use small plastic connectors designated as RJ-45 while STP cables use high quality protective jacket for greater insulation.

13 Cabling - UTP Vs. STP UTP cables use small plastic connectors designated as RJ-45 while STP cables use high quality protective jacket for greater insulation. UTP is easy to install, but are susceptible to interference. STP is less subject to electrical interference and supports high transmission speed over long distances. 37 Media Connectors 10Base2, 10Base5, and 10BaseT. 100BaseT, 100VGAnyLan, 100BaseTX, and 100BaseFX. Gigabit. BNC, RJ-11, and RJ-45. Fiber Optic. 38 Media Connectors - FO 39 13

14 Network Elements Full and half duplexing. WANs, LANs, MANs, and VLANs. Servers, workstations, and hosts. Peer-to-peer networking and server-based networking. Cables, NICs, and routers. 40 Network Elements Full and Half Duplexing Duplexing determines the manner in which data travels with regard to the direction. In half-duplex communication, data travels both ways, but in one direction at a time. Full-duplex allows data to travel in both directions simultaneously. 41 Network Elements WANs, LANs, MANs, and VLANs Wide area network (WAN) spans multiple geographic locations. Local area network (LAN) is confined to a specific location. Metropolitan area network (MAN) spans a single city or metropolitan area. Virtual local area network (VLAN) creates small groups of PCs 42 that communicate over a larger network. 14

15 Network Elements Servers, Workstations, and Hosts Workstation is a terminal from which a user accesses applications and data. Servers serve workstations and users. Hosts are computers or devices that are connected on the network, and require a unique ID to be accessed by another system. 43 Peer-to-Peer Network It has no dedicated servers. Network Elements All workstations can act as clients and servers at the same time. The size of a peer-to-peer network or workgroup is usually limited to 10 workstations. Security problems arise in a peer-to-peer networks. 44 Server-based Network Network Elements Ensures the security of files and directories, organizes resources efficiently, and enables centralized administration. Specialized servers include: File and print servers Application servers Domain controllers Directory services 45 15

16 Cables, NICs, and Routers Network Elements Cables are the most common medium for connecting components in a computer network. Network interface cards (NICs) help a workstation communicate with the rest of the network. Routers connect multiple high-speed backbones in one large network. 46 UTA Process Control VLANs Visual Display Units HMI - VLAN Process Control - VLAN Server/Client Networks SCADA TURBINES BOILERS CHILLERS CP2 Optimum Energy PLANT Networks 47 UTA Engineering Processing VLAN Engineering Processing Network - VLAN PLANT OPTIMIZ. TERMIS Data Server Historian PHI/Trending 48 16

17 Application LAN UT-Network Indusoft Servers WEB Users Engineering Processing Network - VLAN Current Networks/Segments Internet Wide Area Network PLANT TERMIS Historian OPTIMIZ. Data Server PHI/Trending Facilities Network Control Room Visual Display Units - VLAN Metering PLC BAS Server HMI Process Control Network SCADA Turbines Boilers Chillers Gateway PLC 49 Optimum Energy Network Security Network security consists of the provisions and policies adopted by a network administrator to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources. Network security involves the authorization of access to data in a network, which is controlled by the network administrator. 50 Network Security In computer and control networking, a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is an intrusion detection system that attempts to discover unauthorized access to a network by analyzing traffic on the network for signs of malicious activity. An information security operations center (or "SOC") is a location where enterprise information systems (web sites, applications, databases, data centers and servers, networks, desktops, plc s, and other endpoints) are monitored, assessed, and defended

18 Network Security A security event manager (SEM) (acronyms SIEM and SIM) is a computerized tool used on enterprise data networks to centralize the storage and interpretation of logs, or events, generated by other software running on the network. Many systems and applications which run on a computer network generate events which are kept in event logs. These logs are essentially lists of activities that occurred, with records of new events being appended to the end of the logs as they occur. 52 UTA DWDM for Process Control DWDM Dense-Wavelength-division-mutilplexing works by combining and transmitting multiple signals simultaneously at different wavelengths on the same fiber. In effect, one fiber is transformed into multiple virtual fibers. So, if you were to multiplex eight OC -48 signals into one fiber, you would increase the carrying capacity of that fiber from 2.5 Gb/s to 20 Gb/s. Currently, because of DWDM, single fibers have been able to transmit data at speeds up to 400Gb/s. 53 UTA DWDM for Process Control A key advantage to DWDM is that it's protocol- and bitrate -independent. DWDM-based networks can transmit data in IP, ATM, SONET/SDH, and Ethernet, and handle bit rates between 100 Mb/s and 2.5 Gb/s. Therefore, DWDM-based networks can carry different types of traffic at different speeds over an optical channel

19 Application LAN UT-Network Indusoft Servers WEB Users Engineering Processing Network - VLAN Current Networks/Segments Internet Wide Area Network PLANT TERMIS Historian OPTIMIZ. Data Server PHI/Trending Facilities Network Control Room Visual Display Units - VLAN Metering PLC BAS Server HMI Process Control Network SCADA Turbines Boilers Chillers Gateway PLC 55 Optimum Energy Application Examples Chilled Water Loop Control Plant Generator Load Control Energy Management 56 Application Examples 57 19

20 Additional Notes Organizational Considerations Training Equipment Upgrades Lessons Learned - Examples 58 Summary Entities and medium form the two basic components of a network. Topology is the physical layout of computers, cables, and other components on a network. Windows NT/2000, UNIX, and Novell NetWare are some of 59 the network operating systems for client/server networks. Summary Protocols are the rules that make network communication possible. Drive mirroring, disk striping, disk duplexing, and tape backup are some methods of ensuring fault tolerance. OSI model defines a networking framework to implement protocols in seven layers. Network security covers a variety of computer networks, both public and private, that are used in everyday jobs conducting transactions and communications among businesses, government agencies and individuals

Unit 10. Networks. Copyright 2005 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved.

Unit 10. Networks. Copyright 2005 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Unit 10 Networks Copyright 2005 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. The basic components of a network: Connections (Physical Medium) Protocols (Common language) Services (Clients, Servers, and