Smart Grid Communications. WFCS 2016 May 3-6, 2016, Aveiro, Portugal

Transcription

1 Smart Grid Communications WFCS 2016 May 3-6, 2016, Aveiro, Portugal

2 Agenda EFACEC Overview Smart Grids Communications Substation Automation System (SAS) Communications Conclusions

3 Efacec is present in infrastructure development main sectors Transmission & Distribution Environment & Industry Mobility & Transportation

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5 Our People 2500 Worldwide employees More than 220 employees on R&D+I 22.6 M R&D+I activity Efacec Academy Lean Master Class

6 Smart Grids Communications

7 Smart Grids practical definition Conventional Passive Distribution Network + Sensors and Measurements dispersed and scarce + Remotely controlled Actuators and widely dispersed + Wide Communications Infrastructure with Open Protocols + Distributed Intelligence and equipments with Local Algorithms + Integrated Management and Control architecture + Economic Sustainability (benefits > costs) = Smart Grid

8 Intelligence and communications Generation Transmission Distribution User Power Plant EHV HV MV LV Transmission Substation Distribution Substation Distribution Transformer Prosumer Automation Reach 8

9 Intelligence and communications Generation Transmission Distribution User Power Plant EHV HV MV LV Transmission Substation Distribution Substation Distribution Transformer Prosumer Communication and Information System Automation Reach 9

10 Network Elements Generation Transmission Distribution User Power Plant EHV HV MV LV Transmission Substation Distribution Substation Distribution Transformer Consumer DA WAN W/LAN LAN LAN HAN WAN AMI Already Smart Now Smarter! 10

11 Smart Grids new challenges Historical Challenges New Challenges Quality of Service Operational Efficiency Smart Grids Distributed Generation A smarter distribution grid, developed gradually and consistently, is required to answer these new challenges Energy Efficiency Electric Vehicle 12

12 Reference architecture Smart Grids Technical Architecture Distribution Network Electrical Infrastructure CS Central Systems Systems Other (technical, commercial) Systems Network Management and Control Systems Information Services Systems Billing and Energy Management WAN Wide Area Network LAN Local Area Network HAN Home Area Network WAN PS Primary Substation (PS) HV/MV IP Fibre SSC SSC IP Fibre SS SS Secondary Substation (SS) MV/LV Local Control (sensors, actuators, IEDs ) GPRS, ADSL, BPL, WiMax, RF Mex SSC Smart Substation Controller MVRC Medium Voltage Remote Control DTC LAN DTC GPRS, ADSL, BPL, WiMax, RF Mex PLC, GPRS, ZigBee, LAN DTC* GPRS GPRS GPRS MVRC MVRC MVRC MVRC SM Smart Meter EV Electric Vehicle LAN LAN LAN Local clients PLC, GPRS, ZigBee, GPRS Local Equipments (sensors, actuators, HAN meters, home automation, ) User interface SM SM SM SM Consumer / Producer 13

13 SAS Communications

14 Reference architecture Smart Grids Technical Architecture Distribution Network Electrical Infrastructure CS Central Systems Systems Other (technical, commercial) Systems Network Management and Control Systems Information Services Systems Billing and Energy Management WAN Wide Area Network LAN Local Area Network HAN Home Area Network WAN PS Primary Substation (PS) HV/MV IP Fibre SSC SSC IP Fibre SS SS Secondary Substation (SS) MV/LV Local Control (sensors, actuators, IEDs ) GPRS, ADSL, BPL, WiMax, RF Mex SSC Smart Substation Controller MVRC Medium Voltage Remote Control DTC LAN DTC GPRS, ADSL, BPL, WiMax, RF Mex PLC, GPRS, ZigBee, LAN DTC* GPRS GPRS GPRS MVRC MVRC MVRC MVRC SM Smart Meter EV Electric Vehicle LAN LAN LAN Local clients PLC, GPRS, ZigBee, GPRS Local Equipments (sensors, actuators, HAN meters, home automation, ) User interface SM SM SM SM Consumer / Producer 16

15 SAS Communications - LAN IEC Ed.2: new characteristics PRP/HSR (vs RSTP and other proprietary redundancy mechanisms) Fail recovery in 0 seconds ( bumpless switchover ) IEEE 1588 PTP (vs SNTP) Time synchronization with precision better than 1us (vs 1ms with SNTP) External interfaces GOOSE and SV over IP (IEC ) Cybersecurity (IEC 62351) Mappings to MMS, 104, DNP and Web services Other characteristics L2 protocol agnostic Network management via IEC (besides SNMP, RMON, etc.) P&C inter-se with IEC 61850, IEC Redundancy Ed.1 vs Ed.2, CIGRE IEEE 1588, IEEE

16 SAS Communications - LAN IEC PTP IEC Ed. 2.0 PTP (Precision Time Protocol) (aka IEEE 1588 V2 or PTPv2) No need for 1PPS signal distribution Less cabling No need for time compensation in long distance connections High precision distributed time Ethernet Switches with IEEE1588 can provide time synchronization with a precision better than 1 μs (transparent clock) Embedded self-configuration and redundancy server management Automatic selection of the best time server Needs hardware support to obtain the required precision levels End nodes and switches with specialized HW actively participating in the network to minimize errors due to internal delays and network delays Boundary Clock: Act as a secondary time server Transparent Clock: The message is tagged with the residence time in each switch

17 SAS Communications - PRP and HSR PRP HSR Parallel Redundancy Protocol IEC (2012) Two separate LANs, fail independent Source sends two copies of the message Receiving node process the first and discards the second A sequence number is used to recognize these duplicated messages Zero recovery time For one single failure High-availability Seamless Redundancy IEC (2012) Nodes connected in a ring Source sends the message through both ports Receiving node process the first and discards the second A sequence number is used to recognize these duplicated messages Zero recovery time For one single failure

18 SAS Communications - PRP and HSR PRP has lower latency In HSR each node add latency to the network Limits the maximum number of nodes in the HSR ring HSR doesn t need network switches Every node is a switch Lower system cost

19 SAS Communications - LAN IEC 61850: Process Bus IEC Ed.2 / IEC Redundant link introduced (comparing with LE) PRP / HSR Sampled Values with a sampling frequency independent of the network frequency: Hz (96 samples per cycle at 50Hz), 2 samples per packet for the class General Measuring e Protective Accuracy Hz, 6 samples per packet for the class Quality Metering Hz, 1 sample per packet to DC PTP synchronization preferred PPS is still possible as the only synchronization source or as a backup source 1us precision Substation Automation Process Bus, ABB

20 Conclusions Smart Grid Communications There is no single technology that could cover in a cost effective way all areas The Smart Grid is enabled by a mix of communication technologies, including wireless and wired technologies IP is the common denominator for all the technologies used Substation Automation Systems Ethernet has become the standard fieldbus for both real-time and non real-time communications High precision synchronization using Ethernet is possible without the need of any additional cabling Process Bus will significantly reduce the amount of cables required in a substation Communication network design must be considered a core competence for substation automation systems, and has a huge impact on the automation system performance

21 Thank you! WFCS 2016 May 3-6, 2016, Aveiro, Portugal Fernando Gomes