WIRELESS NETWORK 4G (AN IP BASED HETEROGENEOUS NETWOK)

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1 International Journal of Research in Engineering, Technology and Science, Volume VI, Special Issue, July ISSN WIRELESS NETWORK 4G (AN IP BASED HETEROGENEOUS NETWOK) Chandana Kumari Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Al-Kabir Polytechnic, Jamshedpur ABSTRACT: Mobile Communication systems revolutionized the way people communicate. Evolution of wireless access technologies is reached to its fourth generation (4G).This technology is mainly made up of high-speed wireless networks designed to carry data, rather than voice or a mixture of the two. The Fourth generation (4G) provides access to wide range of telecommunication services, including advanced mobile services, supported by mobile and fixed networks, which are increasingly packet based, along with a support for low to high mobility applications and wide range of data rates, in accordance with service demands in multiuser environment. In addition to high speeds (data bandwidth -1Gbps), the technology is more robust against interference and tapping guaranteeing higher security. This innovative technology functions with the aid of VoIP, IPv6, and Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). To cater the growing needs of 4G, mobile data communication providers deploy multiple antennas at transmitters to increase the data rate. Furthermore, the use of IP to transfer information requires IPv6 to facilitate the use of more cell phone devices. The paper focuses on how 4G works and few security threats to cause unexpected service interruption and disclosure of information may be possible in 4G due mainly to the fact that 4G is an IP-based, heterogeneous network. Keywords: 4G, LTE, VoIP, IPv6, OFDM, MIMO, Security threats [1] INTRODUCTION 4G-A fourth generation wireless network, the stage of broadband mobile communications that is superseding the third generation (3G). The end-to-end IP and high quality streaming videos are 4G s distinguishing features. A 4G system may able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to the users on Anytime Anywhere basis and higher data rates than the previous generations. 4G is fully IP based integrated system capable of providing between 100 Mbps to 1Gbps in both indoor and outdoor with premium quality and high security. There were a lot of research activities on a physical layer and multi access schemes to enhance the spectral efficiency of 4G systems. For example,orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA),Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology, as well as cross layer optimization are considered the core technologies in 4G systems to boost spectral efficiency and at the same time offers robust communications over frequencyselective fading channels. Chandana Kumari 1

WIRELESS NETWORK 4G AN IP BASED HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK Customers of today are seeking out mobile VoIP for its reduced costs and unique features.

2 WIRELESS NETWORK 4G AN IP BASED HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK Customers of today are seeking out mobile VoIP for its reduced costs and unique features.4g promises to expand the market to new horizons tomorrow. If we talk about the range WiMAX provides a significantly greater range for LAN access than does WiFi.WiMAX runs on microwaves rather than radio waves. 4G is developed to accommodate the quality of service(qos) and rate requirements set by forth coming applications like MMS,Wireless Broadband service, video chat, Mobile TV, Digital Video Broadcasting, High Network Capacity, smooth handoff across heterogeneous network,seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks. [2] DEVELOPMENT FROM 1G TO 4G The past few years have witnessed a phenomenal growth in the wireless industry, both in terms of Mobile Technology and subscribers. The 1G mobile system were the Analogue systems came in early 1980 s.they offered mainly speech and related services and were highly incompatible with each other.2g introduced the services such as short messaging and lower speed data. 2G digital technologies became available in 1990s. 3G came with a speed of 144kbps throughput at mobile speeds. According to 3G goals, 3G is necessary but not sufficient to the mobile communication strategy in which many problems are only partly solved and there are still many problems left to be solved by the different generations. The demand for higher access speed multimedia communication in today's society, which greatly depends on computer communication in digital format, seems unlimited. According to the historical indication of a generation revolution occurring once a decade, it was a right time to begin the research on a 4G mobile communication system. Figure: 1. Development from 1G to 4G The move to 4G networks will allow service providers to offer the impressive applications that will drive users to upgrade to the new phones. Current downlink data rates are less than 10 megabits per second (Mbps); 4G systems will offer downlink data rates well over 100 Mbps, an improvement of 10 times over 3G. 4G systems will also have low latency, improving the consumer experience. With flexible network connections, efficient use of spectrum and impressive user applications, 4G will offer what consumers want. [2.1] PRINCIPAL TECHNOLOGIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF 4G 2

International Journal of Research in Engineering, Technology and Science, Volume VI, Special Issue, July 2016 www.ijrets.com, editor@ijrets.

3 International Journal of Research in Engineering, Technology and Science, Volume VI, Special Issue, July ISSN LTE-Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology is sometimes called 3.9G or Super 3G and has been developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as an improvement to the current Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). By using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), LTE will be able to provide download rates of 150 Mbps for multi-antenna (2x2) multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) for the highest category terminals. For these terminals upload rates in the 50 Mbps range will allow an efficient transfer of data. LTE makes very efficient use of the available spectrum with channel bandwidths from 1.25 Megahertz (MHz) to 20 MHz The flexible slice will allow LTE to be more easily implemented in countries where 5 MHz is a commonly allocated amount of spectrum. LTE will also co-exist with legacy systems already rolled out around the world. In LTE architecture, Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) is an important role which is the air interface of LTE upgrade path for mobile networks meanwhile it is accompanied by an evolution of the non-radio aspects under the term "System Architecture Evolution" (SAE), which includes the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network. Together LTE and SAE comprise the Evolved Packet System (EPS). Besides that, LTE network uses an enodeb (evolved node B, essentially an LTE base station), a MME (Mobile management entity), a HSS (home subscriber server), a SGW (serving gateway), and a PGW (a packet data network gateway). These are considered as part of the EPC except enodeb. Figure: 2. LTE Architecture OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) provides clear advantages for physical layer performance and also a framework for improving layers performance by proposing an additional degree of freedom. Using OFDM, it is possible to exploit the time domain, the space domain, the frequency domain and even the code domain to exploit radio channel usage. It ensures very robust transmission in multi-path environments with reduced receiver complexity. OFDM also provides a frequency diversity gain, improving the physical layer performance.it is also compatible with other enhancement Technologies, such as smart antennas and MIMO.OFDM modulation can also be employed as a multiple access technology (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access; OFDMA). Here, each OFDM symbol can transmit information to and from several users using a different set of sub carriers (i.e. sub channels). This provides additional flexibility for resource allocation (increasing the capacity) and also enables cross layer optimization of radio link usage. Chandana Kumari 3

4 WIRELESS NETWORK 4G AN IP BASED HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK WiMax-World Interoperability for Microwave Access: IEEE Standards: The current WiMax revision is based upon IEEE e-2005, approved in December It is a enhancement to the IEEE Std , and so the actual standard is as amended by e Thus, these specifications need to be considered together. MIMO- uses signal multiplexing between several transmitting antennas and time or frequency. It is well matched to OFDM, as it is possible to process independent time symbols as soon as the OFDM waveform is correctly designed for the channel. It refers to the technology where there are multiple antennas at the base station and multiple antennas at the mobile device. The usage of multiple antenna technology includes cellular phones with two antennas, laptops with two antennas (i.e. built in the left and right side of the screen), as well as CPE devices with multiple sprouting antennas. This aspect of OFDM significantly simplifies processing. The signal transmitted by m antennas is received by n antennas. Processing of the received signals may deliver several performance improvements: range, quality of received signal and spectrum effectiveness. In principle, MIMO is more efficient when many multiple path signals are received. The performance in cellular deployments is still subject to research and simulations. However, it is generally acknowledged that the gain in spectrum efficiency is directly related to the minimum number of antennas in the link. IPv6- IPv6 or Internet Protocol Version 6 is the next generation protocol for the Internet. It's designed to provide several advantages over current Internet Protocol Version 4 (or IPv4). Both IPv6 and IPv4 define network layer protocol i.e., how data is sent from one computer to another computer over packet-switched networks such as the Internet. IPv6 addresses the main problem of IPv4, that is, the exhaustion of addresses to connect computers or host in a packet-switched network. IPv6 has a very large address space and consists of 128 bits as compared to 32 bits in IPv4. VoIP- VOIP or Voice over Internet Protocol (IP) is a telephony system that provides voice telephone calls over IP data networks. The main feature of this IP-based technology is that it sends conversations as data (or IP) packets over the Internet. Currently, it is playing a vital role in replacing today's (TDM-based) telephony infrastructure. This advanced telephony brings benefits to both consumers as well as enterprise (or commercial) customers. The main reason for migrating to VOIP is to reduce the (residential and commercial) voice communication cost. [3] CHALLENGES OF 4G Security and Privacy-The heterogeneity of wireless networks exchanging different types of data complicate the security and privacy issues. The encryption and decryption methods followed in 3G should be changed in 4G because these are not appropriate for the new devices and services used by next generation. So, modification in existing security and privacy methods are always needed.other approach is to develop new reconfigurable, adaptive and lightweight mechanism to switch on smoothly to the next generation technology. Quality of Service- The Company promises that the new 4G network will do for broadband what mobile telephony did for voice. With real-time performance, and about 10 times higher data rates compared to today's mobile broadband networks, consumers can always be connected, even on the move. As a result, it is important for providers to develop an effective approach to the 4G Network that will enhance quality, provide effective security measures, and will ensure that all users are provided with extensive alternatives for downloading video, music, and picture files without delays. The main challenge that 4G networks are facing is integrating non-ip-based and IP-based devices. It is known that devices that are not IP address based are 4

5 International Journal of Research in Engineering, Technology and Science, Volume VI, Special Issue, July ISSN generally used for services such as VoIP. On the other hand, devices that are IP address based are used for data delivery. 4G networks will serve both types of devices. Consequently, integrating the mechanisms of providing services to both non-ip-based as well as IP-based devices is one of key challenges 4G networks have to address. [4] 5TH GENERATION SYSTEMS 5G network can provide more facilities approach to a common man to utilize his available possessions in an enormous way to make him feel the real progress. As a user point of view, the major difference between current generations and expected 5G techniques must be something else than increased maximum throughput; other requirements include: Possible to1gbps and higher data rate in mobility. More secure; better cognitive radio/sdr Security. Higher system level spectral efficiency. World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW), wireless-based web applications that include full multimedia capability beyond 4G speeds. More applications combined with Artificial Intelligent (AI) as human life will be surrounded by artificial sensors which could be communicating with mobile phones. FUTURE OF 5G: 5G network technology will reveal a new era in mobile communication technology. The 5G mobile phones will have access to different wireless technologies at the same time and the terminal should be able to combine different flows from different technologies. 5G technology offer high resolution for crazy cell phone user. 5G technology will provide supper and perfect utilization of cellular communication in future. We can monitor any place of the world from anywhere, observe space and watch TV channels at HD clarity in our mobile phones without any interruption. There will be exciting amusement unbelievable services. The 5G mobile phones will be a tablet PC and amazing. Many mobile embedded technologies will evolve. [5] CONCLUSION I have discussed in this paper about the existing as well future wireless communication generations. I have also discussed the challenges in 5G development and necessity of same. 5G technology will be available in market to full fill user demands in affordable rates, bright future and much more reliable with exceptional applications. whole world is in finger tips due to mobile wireless communication technology, its new revolution in mobile market. 5G will connect all the network operators with single core and single infrastructure, 4G and 5G techniques will consume low battery, better coverage, high bit rates, no infrastructure fees due to low infrastructure deployment cost, many users can use simultaneously. REFERENCES [1] Aurelian_Bria-publication/ _4 th generation_wireless_infrastructures_scenarios_and_research_challenges/links/55dd ae591b309ac75b.pdf in researchgate.com [2] Pratishruti Saxena, Dr. Sanjay Kumar Challenges and Evolution of Next Generation in Mobile Communication Network published in vol4,issue9,sept 2014 available in ijarcsse.com Chandana Kumari 5

6 WIRELESS NETWORK 4G AN IP BASED HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK [3] P. K. Verma and Dr. J. Shekhar, 4G WIRELESS NETWORKS: BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES IJMIE, Volume 2, Issue 6. June [4] Vincent_Lau/publication/ _The_evolution_path_of_4G_networks_FDD_or_TDD/li nks/09e4150fe9d6022a pdf. [5] Help and images taken from Google. Mrs Chandana Kumari I am a lecturer in the Department of Comp Sc & Engg at Al-Kabir Polytechnic,kopali,Jamshedpur,successfully completed one and half year. Prior to this I was working with Karim City College as a lecturer in the Dept of CA & IT. I worked with Tata Steel for two years as an Automation Consultant. I enjoy the software development field. After joining Al-Kabir Polytechnic I worked on Mentoring Systema web application (ASP.net) and recently completed the project. I guide the students for the projects. Apart from the development field I have a keen interest in Networking and technological devices that is why I selected the topic Wireless network 4G for the Seminar, a new and emerged technology launching very soon, the countdown has already started. I am from Patna, completed graduation in Maths from Patna University. Then I owned the Technical degree in Comp Sc from Magadha University, BodhGaya. I did, M.Sc in Maths from Kolhan University, Chaibasa. I accept each and every challenge come to my way. I am courageous, hard-working and jovial by nature. 6

4G Mobile Communications

4G Mobile Communications Welcome to 4G The term 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems, not only cellular telephone systems. One of the terms to