Analysis of Computer Hardware Maintenance Methods

Transcription

1 Analysis of Computer Hardware Maintenance Methods Ming Liang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, , China [Abstract] With the development of our society, the advantages of science and technology have been further reflected. As an important bridge connecting users and servers, computers security and stability are not only related to user s experience and satisfaction, but also affect the effective improvement of science and technology. For computers, hardware is the basis for implementing related functions. The maintenance of it is an important part of daily computer equipment management. On the basis of analyzing the composition of computer hardware system, the author analyzes some key methods of hardware maintenance, expecting to promote the realization of the overall function of the computer. [Keywords] Computer; Hardware; Maintenance technology 1. Introduction With the continuous improvement of the scientific and technological level in recent years, the structure of computers and other equipment has been greatly optimized, so with the functions. While providing convenience for daily work and life, computer equipment also provides strong support for the clear division of social work and the improvement of operational efficiency. The equipment has been widely used. For the computer, one of the important conditions for its function is hardware support, and the material characteristics of the hardware determine that we should pay more attention to the maintenance of it, so as to maintain the long-term and stability use. In the current application situation, computer hardware inevitably has some faults and problems, which affects normal use and function. This requires relevant person to repair hardware devices with relevant maintenance technology. 2. Composition of Computer Hardware System The computer hardware system is the basic structure of the computer. [1] Without the support of hardware, the function of the computer will not be discussed. In terms of composition, the computer hardware system mainly includes four aspects: control device, storage device, computing device and input and output device. 2.1 Control Equipment The control device is a key device in the computer hardware system, [2] which mainly plays the role of command and control, that is, classified the various commands issued by the computer user and transmitted to the corresponding components, 19

2 thereby realizing the normal operation inside the computer system. The function of computer control equipment is directly related to the efficiency of computer automation. For example, the computer jamming phenomenon that usually occurred is caused by insufficient function of computer control equipment. 2.2 Storage Device Storage devices are important devices that maintain computer storage capabilities. Generally speaking, computer storage devices mainly include internal storage devices and external storage devices, both of which are composed of semiconductor materials, [3] they are closely connected with the circuit and CPU of the computer, thereby ensuring the normal function of the storage function. When the computer is in the running state, the system first loads the data required by the user into the internal storage device, and then the CPU reads the data on the device to provide the user with required data and functions. 2.3 Computing Device The computing device is an important support for advanced functions such as computer computing. During the operation of the computer system, the computing device can be used to perform corresponding operations on the data and materials that the user wants to obtain, thereby satisfying the information needs of the user. The computing device enables the computer to solve the complex problems encountered in the daily life for the user, and to simplify the problem, thus improving the user s ability to solve the problem. 2.4 Input and Output Device The input and output device includes two aspects: input device and an output device. The input device means that the user can directly transmit the relevant instruction to the computer system to perform the operation, and provide the required information asked by the user from the related device inside the computer system, such as keyboard, camera, etc. Through the output device, users could output the calculated date from the computer, for the user to refer to, such as a printer. 3. Several Common Methods of Maintaining Computer Hardware Computer hardware maintenance is to check and maintain the properties of the hardware device according to the running condition of the computer, so as to realize the normal operation of the computer hardware device. From the perspective of current maintenance of computer hardware, the commonly used methods are mainly as following. 20

3 3.1 Direct Observation The so-called direct observation method refers to that the maintainers discover the cause of the problem directly through visual observation, so as to formulate and implement the corresponding maintenance plan. From the current work of computer hardware maintenance, direct observation is a frequently used and effective method. This method requires maintainer grasp and analyze the operation of computer hardware devices first through their own sensory systems such as vision, hearing, smell and touch. The so-called visual inspection mainly refers to that the maintainer observe the equipment that may have problems in the computer through their own eyes, so as to find out the cause of the problem, and take corresponding measures according to the situation. For example, if the computer cannot start normally due to excessive temperature. To detect it, we need to check whether the cooling fan in the hardware can operate normally first by visually observing, thereby judging the cause of excessive temperature and taking corresponding measures. The so-called auditory check mainly refers to that the maintainer obtain and judge the sound information emitted during the running of the computer through the ear, so as to find out the cause of the problem. For example, when the computer is turned on, you three short and a long drip sounds, and the computer cannot be normally turned on, we can judge that it s because of the memory device. The so-called olfactory check mainly refers to that the maintainers smell the computer hardware device to determine whether the fault occurs due to problems such as line burnt. The so-called tactile inspection mainly refers to that the maintainer check whether the device is faulty by touching. For example, the maintenance personnel can check whether the host is running normally by touching the host to see if there is vibration. Among the above four direct observation methods, the mostly used are tactile and auditory, which are two methods for checking and maintaining the effectiveness of computer hardware devices. 3.2 Replacement Method The so-called replacement method is to verify whether the problem is caused by the device itself by replacing another normal device. Compared with the direct observation method, the replacement method is an early computer hardware maintenance method. At the same time, it is also a strong effectiveness method. In practice, the replacement method generally produces two kinds of results. One result is that the computer system can operate normally after the device is replaced. This indicates that the computer s faulty is because of the device itself, then the faulty device should be replaced. Another result is that the computer system still fails to operate normally after the device is replaced. This proves that there is a problem with 21

4 the maintenance personnel s judgment. It needs to further check the other links and equipment to find out the cause of the problem. For example, when there is a problem with the memory module of the computer, the maintenance personnel can pull the memory module out and insert it into another device to see if it can run normally. If it also fails, the main reason of the problem is the memory module. 3.3 Increase and Decrease Method The so-called increase and decrease method is a computer hardware maintenance method based on troubleshooting. The technology is mainly divided into two cases. One is the addition method, that is, the maintainers increase the number of equipment on the basis of the original minimum system unit, thereby screening out specific faults. The other is subtraction, which is to verify and discover problems by reducing the number of devices that may fail, until the cause of the problem is finally discovered. The gradual increase and decrease method can be divided into two situations. One is to gradually increase, which means that each time a component or device is added to the system under the condition of the original minimum system, so as to screen the fault. The other situation is to gradually decrease, which means that reduce one component at a time to eliminate equipment failure under the original system. 4. Problems Needing Attention During Computer Hardware Maintenance From the practical level of operation, computer hardware maintenance is a technical task, which requires mastering certain skills and methods. At the same time, it also needs to have good judgment and detailed observation ability. When performing computer hardware maintenance, we need to pay attention to the following aspects. First, pay attention to cleaning the relevant equipment before performing specific maintenance, and then carry out inspection and maintenance. This is mainly because that some equipment failure may be caused by a large amount of dust scattered during long-term operation, or excessive air humidity, making the cleaning and maintenance before inspection can improve maintenance efficiency. It should be noted that after the computer hardware has been used for a period of time, regular cleaning and maintenance are required to maintain the long-term stable operation of the computer system. Second, adhere to the principle of external to internal. That is, maintaining or checking the device from the outside to the inside of the structure. First check the external equipment, and then check the host. In the practice, first check the computer s external devices such as mouse and keyboard to see if there is a problem. After confirming that there is no problem with these devices, check the internal devices of the host, which can effectively prevent the internal failure or damage of the host due to human reasons. 22

5 Thirdly, start from the power supply. It is found that in the daily maintenance work, some of the faults are caused by the failure of the wires on the main unit, which may result in inoperability. This problem can be solved by simply plugging in the power cord. Also, disconnect the power supply before checking other equipment to avoid electric shock. Fourth, pay attention to the scientific nature of the use of computer hardware equipment. During the actual use of computer hardware, some unreasonable operations are an important cause of computer hardware failure. Therefore, when using computer hardware, the corresponding operation rules must be strictly followed. For example, frequent switching of the computer host will result in certain damage. Therefore, after shutdown, it should be turned on after about 30s to avoid malfunction due to frequent operation. 5. Conclusion As an important guarantee measure for the normal operation of computer hardware, computer hardware maintenance plays an important role in the overall function of the computer. However, during the operation of the computer hardware, the computer system may not operate normally due to some devices, which requires corresponding maintenance of the related hardware devices to achieve normal operation of the computer system. Although there are many computer hardware maintenance methods at present, in the actual application process, we should pay attention to some details, avoid complicated problems, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of computer hardware maintenance. References [1] Yiyu Wang. Research on Computer Hardware Maintenance Technology[J]. Computer Knowledge and Technology, 2016(22): 226,243. (in Chinese) [2] Zhenlei Shang. Computer Hardware Maintenance Strategy Based on New Technology[J]. Computer Programming Skills and Maintenance, 2018(3): (in Chinese) [3] Baoyong Yang. Computer Hardware Component Equipment Maintenance Technology[J]. Electronic Technology and Software Engineering, 2018(3): 171. (in Chinese) 23