Catching Falling Conductors in Midair Detecting and Tripping Broken Distribution Circuit Conductors at Protection Speeds

Transcription

1 Catching Falling Conductors in Midair Detecting and Tripping Broken Distribution Circuit Conductors at rotection Speeds Karl Iliev San Diego Gas & Electric Company Eric Udren Quanta Technology, LLC Copyright SDG&E, Quanta Technology, and SEL 2017

2 SDG&E Distribution System 22,000 miles of lines 60% underground and 40% overhead 12.47, 12.0, and 4.16 kv High penetration of distribution V requires new solutions for monitoring, protection, and control

3 Advanced SCADA roject Applications More Than 60 Use Cases Defined Driven by high penetration of distribution V Voltage profile monitoring and control Selective load shedding and restoration ower quality monitoring Apparatus and system condition monitoring Falling conductor protection (patented)

4 Advanced SCADA Features Increased accuracy of voltage and current hase angles from across circuit GS time-stamped data 30 synchrophasor sets per second for fast measurement IEC GOOSE messaging for real-time control Remote engineering access and event reports Advanced security features

5 Typical SDG&E Feeder with MU IEDs Substation feeder relay Recloser controllers SCADA switch controllers Capacitor bank controllers Voltage regulator controllers

6 SCADA System Architecture Advanced Wide-Area Network Substation DC Distribution Circuit Area Security Module

7 SCADA System Architecture Traditional Mission Control Center Backup Control Center Local- Area Network I Gateway Security Wide-Area Network Security I Gateway Local- Area Network

8 SCADA System Architecture Traditional and Advanced Overlay Mission Control Center Backup Control Center Local- Area Network I Gateway Security Wide-Area Network Security I Gateway Local- Area Network Substation Traditional DC Distribution Circuit Area Advanced Security Module

9 Conductor Height (ft) Detect Broken Conductor and Trip Circuit Before Line Hits the Ground? Falling Conductor Timeline 0.5 s, 4 ft 1 s,16 ft 1 2 2d d gt t 2 g 2(30) t 32.2 time 1.37s 5 Conductor hits ground at 1.37 s Time (s)

10 Falling Conductor rotection (FC) Detection Methods dv/dt (change detection) V0 and V2 magnitude V0 and V2 angle MU1 MU2 MU3 DC Central Logic Controller GOOSE Controls MU Devices to Trip MU4 C37.118

11 RTDS Feeder Model REC REC CB L VR L VR VR C V CB V C VR VR VR L C V CB V R1 SW L L C L L LM C CB LM L V REC SW VR CB V V LEGEND Capacitor Circuit Breaker MU Line Monitor MU Load hotovoltaic Recloser MU Five-Way Switch Voltage Regulator CB1

12 Example FC Lab Test Results FC3 V Line Monitor R1 FC2 V Off, Loop Open Load % FC1 FC2 FC3 FC Typical FC trip time ms R2 FC1 V On, Loop Open Load % V% FC1 FC2 FC3 FC N.O. FC4 Substation CB Five-Way Switch

13 Trip Security Testing Capacitor bank switching Voltage regulator tap unbalance Largest single-phase load switching V operation Internal / external faults

14 Break Detection Results dv/dt and Magnitude Method operation

15 Field Installation and Testing First system installation in January 2015 Falling Conductor rotection (FC) in monitoring mode Simulation of conductor breaks with disconnect switch opening on recloser 100% correct operation Ethernet radio path tuning required Fault current spike detection added in 2016

16 Breaking Arc Field Versus Lab Tests Field Result RTDS Model

17 h a s e A Synchrophasors show detailed circuit behavior Capacitive voltage sensor discoveries V o lta g e d V A / dt 11 kv Load Side Source Side Nominal 6.9 kv 6.8 kv Time 2.8 kv /s 0 dva /dt > 1000 V /s 1.7 kv /s Time 577 V /s d V 0 /dt dv 0 /dt > 400 V /s V /s Time

18 Zone 1 dv/dt Operation dv/dt spikes at 1045R and 1048R Zone 1 break detected Field Event 28 th Feb 2016 FC detected by dv/dt between CB and R1

19 FC Limitations Keep using HIF detection for wire down without break Needs fast Ethernet path to circuit MUs Uses voltage from each protected circuit path end a journey of years for full coverage Learning about features of new technology

20 Ease of Application Key requirement achieved no circuit-dependent application settings V1 1 MW V2 1 MW VR6 R5 VR5 C3 FC logic only needs topology of circuit and MU IEDs Line Monitor S N.O. R3 R4 C2 VR4 Source 1 q 2 q 3 q 4 Source 2 DVC VR3 VR2 VR1 q 1 MU1 MU2 MU3 MU4 FC q 1 not aligned with the other MUs C1 Substation R1 Source 1 q 3 q 4 Source 2 q 1 q 2 DC and Controller Feeder Relay Switchyard Fiber MU1 MU2 MU3 MU4 q 1 and q 2 aligned with each other q 3 and q 4 aligned with each other FC To Control Center via WAN 69 kv/12 kv

21 Advanced SCADA has 60 use cases including FC FC isolates broken conductors in s (half the distance to the ground) preventing the fault FC is dependable in lab test including high V penetration FC mitigates HIL events fire and hazard reduction Confidence built from secure and reliable field performance Compliments existing protection Summary Scalable design needs only circuit layout information

22 Next Steps FC of first equipped circuit commissioned on 11/18/2016 Additional circuits will be equipped and commissioned in 2017 ursuing ongoing funding to reduce fire risk and enhance public safety Installing new IEDs with MU capable devices with moderate additional cost SDG&E will be well positioned for future V penetration

23 Questions? Karl Iliev San Diego Gas & Electric Company +1 (858) Eric A. Udren Quanta Technology, LLC +1 (412)