Line Current Differential Protection Using Broadband Power Line Carrier Technology

Transcription

1 Line Current Differential Protection Using Broadband Power Line Carrier Technology Nachum Sadan CEO Amperion Inc Utilities Telecom Council Delivering Your Future

2 About Amperion Provider of advanced communications solutions to electric utilities Powerline communications specialist and innovator of Broadband Power Line Carrier (B-PLC) technology Developed B-PLC technology jointly with American Electric Power (AEP) Commercial deployments at AEP-2012 B-PLC used in line current differential protection applications replacing old pilot wire systems Amperion, Inc. 360 Merrimack St. Lawrence, MA USA

3 B-PLC Timeline & Milestones kV 0.5 mile proof of concept demonstration in Charleston WVA SCADA and POTT simulation tests 2007 to kV 5 mile test in Newark Ohio 3 links with repeating; longest point to point link of 2.6 miles kV 5 mile trial network in Newark Ohio 2 links with repeating; longest point to point link of 4.4 miles 2010 Line current differential protection Fault simulation tests in lab and field with GE and SEL relays Single 138kV link over 3.8 miles 2011 Transition from R&D to commercial deployments Focus on pilot wire replacements 2012 World s First 69kV line protected with line current differential over B-PLC

4 Design Challenges Physical attachment to a high voltage line High speed digital transmission over HV lines High availability and reliability Operation during a phase to ground fault High Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) Control of latency and jitter Extended distance Compliance with utility standards Easy and safe to install Plug and play operation Scalability and flexibility Minimum maintenance Cost effective

5 Conventional Powerline Carrier Diagram Control Building Switchyard Developed in 1960 s

6 Broadband Powerline Carrier Diagram Line Trap Not Required Phoenix Gateway Phase Combiner Surge Arrester Control Building Switchyard Coupler Base Developed in 2010

7 B-PLC System Components Phoenix Gateway Differential Box B-PLC Coupler Fully Integrated & Field Tested Product Set jointly with AEP Amperion NMS

8 B-PLC System Block Diagram Relay A Power Alarm BPLC Alarm HV BPLC Couplers HV BPLC Couplers Relay B RS-422 Data Cables Phoenix LMR-400 Coax LMR-600 Coax Diff Box LMR-600 Coax LMR-400 Coax Diff Box Other Devices (MUX/RTU) Ethernet Ethernet NMS Repeater Only Telular

9 Ethernet Over Powerline The Amperion solution supports standard Ethernet IP interfaces Station A Standard IP Interface Station B Standard IP Interface Ethernet packets are encapsulated in B-PLC frames

10 Typical B-PLC Deployment Station A Station B High Voltage Transmission Line

11 Broadband Powerline Coupling C L

12 Broadband Powerline Coupling Safe Using standard utility lightning arresters Scalable Ranging from MV to HV (138kV) Cost Effective Adds lightning protection Efficient Differential coupling provides noise cancellation; effective impedance matching optimizes performance Simple to install No training required Certified Tested by Doble Engineering and AEP 69kV HV Station Class Coupler 69kV HV T-Line Class Coupler

13 Line Noise Measurements

14 Line Noise Measurements

15 Noise Cancellation

16 Differential (multi-phase) Coupling Noise cancellation increases SNR and extends the distance Redundancy protection against single phase faults 2-Phase differential coupling in production 3-Phase coupling in development

17 Differential Coupling Diagram

18 Differential Coupling With Repeating

19 Operating RF Spectrum 60Hz PLC B-PLC AM radio kilohertz to 1.7 megahertz Short-wave radio megahertz to 26.1 megahertz Citizens-band (CB) radio megahertz to megahertz Television stations - 54 to 88 megahertz for channels 2 through 6 FM radio - 88 megahertz to 108 megahertz Television stations to 220 megahertz for channels 7 through 13

20 B-PLC Frequency Channels 2.5Mhz 7.5Mhz 12.5Mhz 17.5Mhz 22.5Mhz 27.5Mhz 32.7Mhz Mhz 5 Mhz 5 Mhz 5 Mhz 5 Mhz 5 Mhz Mhz 7.5 Mhz 7.5 Mhz Mhz 7.5 Mhz 7.5 Mhz FCC Notches Defined by system Common to (5.0 & 7.5Mhz) Channels Attenuation Fixed by system Custom Notches User Defined 5.0 & 7.5Mhz Channels Unique Attenuation Configurable Maximum of 7 Notches/Channel

21 B-PLC Modulation including Notching

22 Line Current Differential Protection Communication Requirements BPLC Phoenix Power Line BPLC Phoenix Repeater Power Line Ch. 2 Ch. 4 BPLC Phoenix Serial 64kbps Amperion BPLC Serial 64kbps GE Multilin L90 Differential Relay Max loop latency: 66 msec Max channel asymmetry: 1.5 msec GE Multilin L90 Differential Relay

23 B-PLC Measured Latency (1 Link) 1, Phoenix Port 1 Distribution 7620 Data Points Distribution % Values < % Values > % 90.00% 80.00% % Distribution Points Spread Between 5,000 and 10, % ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 10,000 10,500 11,000 11,500 12,000 12,500 13,000 13,500 14,000 14,500 15,000 15, % 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Time (us)

24 1, B-PLC Measured Latency (2 Links) Phoenix Port 1 Distribution 7620 Data Points Distribution % Values < % Values > % 90.00% 80.00% % % ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 10,000 10,500 11,000 11,500 12,000 12,500 13,000 13,500 14,000 14,500 15,000 Distribution 15, Points Spread Between 8,500 and 15, % 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Time (us)

25 Jitter Buffer Operation Overflow Point Bursty Traffic In Max Point Set Point Min Point TDM Traffic Out Underflow Point

26 Jitter Buffer Operation Rx Packet TDM Buffer Level Jitter Setting Full Max Value Min Value Buffer (ms) ms Jitter Hit Time (ms)

27 Station Panel with Phoenix and Relays

28 69kV Station Installation

29 69kV Station Coupler Installation

30 69kV Coupler Repeater Installation

31 Phoenix Installations

32 Differential Combiner Installation

33 138kV Station Installation East Broad Station 3.8 miles distance Taylor Station

34 138kV Coupler Installation

35 B-PLC Enables Substation Upgrades First Generation Substation Electro-Mechanical Analog relays Copper Pilot Wire Conventional PLC Next Generation Substation Digital Solid State relays Fiber or Broadband PLC Broadband PLC Proprietary protocols Standard IEC Sonet TDM fiber rings Narrowband communications Sonet TDM and Ethernet IP Broadband communications Wide area monitoring and control with Synchrophasors Aggregation point of feeders smart grid data and data from adjacent stations

36 Line Protection with B-PLC RELAY A B-PLC supports line protection & control requirements: Current Diff, POTT and DCB RELAY B Low Latency High Availability Redundancy Station A B-PLC B-PLC B-PLC Station B High Voltage Transmission Line

37 SCADA Communications with B-PLC Utility Data Center Take Out Point Dedicated leased lines to each substation are a single point of failure and a recurring operational expense B-PLC eliminates the need for dedicated leased lines to each station. It offers redundant communications paths and a low cost alternative to leased lines Utility Data Center Take Out Point Station A Station D B-PLC B-PLC B-PLC Station B Station C

38 SCADA Application Before B-PLC Utility Problem: Limited to 56kbps Reliability issues Not cost effective Monthly OPEX No control No ability to add new applications SCADA Master Utility Data Center Leased Lines Sub A Sub C Sub B

39 SCADA Application After B-PLC SCADA Master Utility Data Center WAN >10Mbps Utility Benefits: 100X data rate of 5Mbps No reliability issues Very cost effective No Monthly OPEX Full control Easy to add new applications Sub A Sub C RTU B-PLC Sub B B-PLC RTU RTU

40 SCADA Application with B-PLC Utility Benefits: 100X data rate: 5Mbps No reliability issues Very cost effective No Monthly OPEX Full control Easy to add new applications WAN SCADA Master Utility Data Center WAN Plus a fully redundant Network communications No single point of failure Sub A Sub C RTU B-PLC Sub B B-PLC RTU RTU

41 Competitive Advantage

42 B-PLC Enables Substation Automation RELAY/RTU/IED B-PLC enables multiple applications: RELAY/RTU/IED Line protection SCADA communications Substation Automation Security monitoring All using the same communications platform Station A Station B High Voltage Transmission Line

43 B-PLC Utility Benefits Utility is in full control of its private network using its own wires Very secured form of communications; complies with cyber security requirements No line of sight and interference issues Supports bandwidth requirements for modern substation applications and low latency and jitter controls for LCDP LCDP distance: 10 miles; Other applications: 30 miles Reliable, easy to install, and cost effective

44 B-PLC Summary B-PLC can be used to connect substations over transmission, sub-transmission and distribution lines Fiber is too costly for lower voltage substations and not always immediately available Broadband PLC provides a reliable, cyber secure, readyto-deploy, and cost effective alternative No field failures over 240 unit-months at 69kV and 138kV Survived many severe lightning, wind and ice storms Commercially deployed by AEP B-PLC can be used for P&C, SCADA, AMI backhaul and video surveillance B-PLC Enables Station Applications at Lower Cost

45 Questions? Thank You! Nachum Sadan, CEO Amperion Inc. Tel: Delivering Your Future