ISSN: X International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016

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1 JEOPARDY CIRCUMVENTING WHEELCHAIR FOR SELF-ASSISTANCE Under the guidance of Prof. K.Senthil Babu, Department of Telecommunication Engineering Kammavari Sangham Institute of Technology Bangalore SUSHMITHA. M 1 SUDHASHREE. N 2 SEEMA. K. S 3 SINDHU. B. N BE,Department of Telecommunication Engineering,Kammavari Sangham Institute of Technology Abstract-Now-a-days wheelchairs have become increasingly important as assistive technology and rehabilitation device. Freedom for mobility plays an important role in the pursuit of one s goals. Hence power mobility allows people to move within their home and helps in maximizing independence for those with limited mobility and conserves their physical energy. The main objective of our designed system is to design an efficient and reliable system. To provide risk management, we have implemented 360 degree Obstacle detection making the system more reliable even at edges and corners or during obstacle detection and collision avoidance. For the convenience of the patient, keys have been provided on the keypad to convert wheelchair in to bed. To have continuous monitoring of the user, we have incorporated patient health monitoring system. A buzzer has been provided on the armrest to indicate if any emergency situation occurs. emergency indication through panic button and the two modes i.e. normal mode and the sleep mode Fig (1a) Keywords: Risk management, 360 degree obstacle detection, patient health monitoring, self-assistive, powered wheelchair. I.INTRODUCTION Automatic wheelchair is a boon for self-reliant people, who may be physically challenged, amputated or quadriplegic as it comes handy in risk management i.e. obstacle detection, collision avoidance. 2 major concerns that have to be taken into account while designing a reliable and efficient wheelchair for disabled are: the adaptability to the individual, and the fulfillment of safety requirements[1]. Hence we have designed a system that helps in maneuvering over obstacles and curbs. The main features of our designed system are 360 degree obstacle detection, patient health monitoring, Fig (1b) 360 degree obstacle detection is implemented by appropriately positioning the IR Sensors making the wheelchair more précised at corners and edges. Two e- health sensors, temperature and heartbeat sensors are used to monitor the health of the patient and measured health parameters are sent to the hardcoded number via GSM. A panic is provided which when pressed rings 1329

2 the buzzer and GSM sends a message indicating an emergency situation. The designed wheelchair operates in two modes i.e. normal mode and the sleep mode. II. PREVOIUS WORK The earlier wheelchairs were handled by the seated occupant turning the rare wheels by hand, or which is manually handled by another person (caretaker) but the powered wheelchairs have a collection of sensors which reduces the manual power of the user as the wheelchair can be controlled with the help of a joystick or remote making it smarter and innovative[8][10] wheelchair statistics 2.3 Fig X axis- years Y axis Number of users in Million This is the figure obtained by doing a survey on the number of patients using wheelchair as an assistive device. The statistics of the wheelchair users are as follows: About 2.3 million people aged 15 and above used wheelchair in 1999, out of these 61%-91% of people used smart wheelchair. By 2010 users were increased to 4.3million people. (LM35) are used to continuously monitor the patient s health. These measured parameters are sent to a hardcoded number via GSM when the data button is pressed. A panic button is used in case of emergency which when pressed the buzzer alarms and sends an emergency message to the number via GSM. IV BLOCK DIAGRAM: The block diagrams of the transmitter and the receiver sections of our designed wheelchair are as shown below in the fig 3a and 3b respectively. Fig (3a) Transmitter section (fig 3a) is powered up by Arduino UNO board which is interfaced with four push buttons (keypad) and a RF Transmitter. RF Module is used for serial communication[6]. The keypad controls the movement of the wheelchair in forward, backward, left and right directions. It also controls angle of inclinations of the leg rest and the back rest for the normal and sleep modes of wheelchair. III.WORKING PRINCIPLE Initially hardware is powered up and the transmitter code is dumped on to the Arduino UNO based on ATMEGA 328 board to which the remote is interfaced. The receiver code is dumped on to the Arduino Mega based on ATMEGA2560 board. Wheelchair operates in two modes: normal mode and sleep mode. The system has been provided with a button in the remote through which the angle of inclination of leg rest and the back rest can be adjusted according to his need. IR Sensors plays a very important role in obstacle and hollow detection. Twelve IR Sensors are used for 360 degree obstacle detection among which six are used for hollow and the rest are used for obstacle detection. Two e-health sensors: heartbeat (TCRT1000) and temperature sensor Fig (3b) 1330

3 The receiver section (fig 3b) is powered up by the Arduino mega board. RF Receiver receives the directions given by the user and functions accordingly. Four DC Motors are used among which two motors are used for the movement of the rear wheels and the other two are used for adjusting the angle of inclination of leg and the back rest[7]. Among twelve IR Sensors used, six hollow sensors are initially high and the other six obstacle sensors are low. During the movement of the wheelchair whenever the obstacle sensor becomes high or the hollow sensor becomes low, the sensors send digital high or low signals to the microcontroller which stops the wheelchair from the further movement. Patient s health is continuously monitored with the help of temperature and the heartbeat sensors whose values are analog in nature. These are digitized using inbuilt ADC and the values are sent to a hardcoded number via GSM when the data button is pressed. Whenever the heartbeat crosses the given threshold, GSM sends a medical emergency message to the hardcoded number. A panic button is used in case of emergency which when pressed the buzzer alarms and sends an emergency message to the number via GSM. It has 256KB of flash memory for storing code of which 8KB is used for boot loader and 4KB of EPROM. Mega comes pre-burned with a boot loader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of external hardware programmer. It communicates using the SKT500 protocol and uses an ICSP in circuit serial programming header. DC Motor: It is used to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. It requires 12v for its operation but the microcontroller does not provide sufficient voltage and hence we use Motor driver IC L298. V.SOFTWARES REQUIRED The software required to drive the system is Arduino version r2. Arduino is a open source computer hardware and software which provides a simple and clear programming environment IDE (Integrated Development Environment)[5]. It has inbuilt software libraries and does not require any external editors. It provides one click mechanism to compile and upload the program. Arduino code can be written in any programming language provided that the compiler produces a binary machine code. VI. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS The physical components are the hardware of the project. The hardwares used are as follows: Arduino Mega 2560 Microcontroller: It is a microcontroller board based on ATmega2560. It has 54 digital I/O Pins of which 14 can be used as pwm outputs, 16 analog inputs and 16MHz crystal oscillator. Fig (5) L298 IC: It is a motor driver IC. It has two inbuilt H- bridges so that it can drive two motors simultaneously, clockwise and anti-clockwise. Supply voltage for Motors is 9-12V (up to 36V). Supply voltage to enable IC is 5V. Fig (6) RF Module: - It is an electronic device used to transmit and or/receive radio signals between two device wirelessly. The RF receiver frequency is 433MHz and the receiver sensitivity is 105Dbm. It is used for serial communication. In open space the range of RF communication is 100m and the very important feature is it has no line of sight[2]. 1331

4 LM35: It is a precision integrated circuit temperature device with an output voltage linearly proportional to the centigrade temperature[3]. Fig (7) For the security purpose dip switches are provided on both TX and RX and the same combination of dip switches has to be maintained on TX and RX for transmission of data. The transmitter uses an encoder HT12EIC in order to encode the data to be transmitted similarly on the receiver side it uses decoder HT12DIC to decode the data received. Fig (10) The output voltage varies by 10mv in response to every degree Celsius raise or fall in ambient temperature. The scaling factor is 0.01V/ C. \VII.FLOWCHART IR Sensor: It is mainly used for obstacle detection. It becomes active high on detection of obstacle. It has line of sight. Range of the sensor is 2cm-6cm which can be altered with the help of the potentiometer provided. Fig (8) TCRT1000: It is a non-invasive device used to detect the heartbeat of a person. It uses IR led as a source which penetrates through the placed finger and the reflected light is detected by the photo detector which is placed in-line to the LED and the finger placed. It operates at 950nm[4]. Fig (9) 1332

5 VIII.CONCLUSION: The designed wheelchair enables the movement of wheelchair in any direction (forward, backward, right, and left) with the help of a keypad. The wheelchair can be transformed into the bed through adjustment of inclinations of back rest and leg rest through the keys that are provided in the keypad. This reduces the dependency on the caretaker. The wheelchair also provides efficient risk management by 360 degree obstacle detection and collision avoidance. For continuous health monitoring, health parameters are measured and sent to hardcoded number via GSM and if the measured parameters crosses the threshold, a medical emergency message is sent. In case of emergency, the patient can press the panic button which rings the buzzer and also sends an emergency message via GSM. X.REFERENCES: [1] Richard Simpson, PhD, ATP; Edmund LoPresti, PhD; Steve Hayashi, PhD; Illah Nourbakhsh, PhD,David Miller, PhD, JRRD-Smart wheelchairs: A literature review,volume 41, number 3B, pages , May/June [2] RF Module TX and RX [3] Temperature Sensor LM35- instruments.com. [4]HeartbeatsensorTCRT [5] Arduino Software Programming languagewww.engineersgarage.com. [6] Octavian Postolache, Pedro Silva Girao, Hamza Ijaz, Embedded Smart Sensors Architecture for Wheelchair User Monitoring, Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2014, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering. [7] Mohd Razali Md Tomari, Yoshinori Kobayashi, Yoshinori Kuno, Development of Smart Wheelchair System for a User with Severe Motor Impairment, International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors 2012 (IRIS 2012). [8] Pradeep Kumar Rattewal, Parteek Kumar, M.Tech dept. of ECE Hindu College of Engineering, Sonipat, Haryana, India, Design and fabrication of low cost intelligent wheelchair, International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN: , Volume 3 Issue 6 June, 2014 Page No [9] Fahad Wallam and Muhammad Asif, Dynamic Finger Movement Tracking and Voice Commands Based Smart Wheelchair, International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 4, August [10] Mohammed Asgar, Mirza Badra, Khan Irshad and Shaikh Aftab Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Sant Gadgebaba College of Engg. and Tech. Bhusawal, Maharashtra, India, Automated innovative wheelchair, International Journal of Information Technology Convergence and Services (IJITCS) Vol.3, No.6, December IX. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS By using Ultrasonic sensors we can measure the distance between the wheelchair and the obstacle.for real time implementation of the wheelchair, high powered motors can be used to cross the thresholds. Various e-health sensors can be used for patient health monitoring. Zigbee can be used instead of RF module to cover higher range. This can also be developed into a voice controlled wheelchair[9]. 1333