I/O, Input Ports and Devices

Transcription

1 I/O, Input Ports and Devices Daren Russ All Rights Reserved No part of this material or any of its contents may be reproduced, copied, modified or adapted, without the prior written consent of the author, unless otherwise indicated for stand-alone materials.

2 Purpose To send information from and to the processor and main memory Most popular current port is USB We also have to consider Firewire, SCSI, COM, LPT, PS/2, audio Keyboard etc As not all port are widely used you still need to be familiar with them

3 USB 3 standards for USB 1.1 runs at 12Mbps 2.0 (High-Speed USB) runs at a max speed of 480Mbpsand are backwards compatible with (SuperSpeed) run at a max speed of 5Gbps 1.1 and 2.0 will run up to 5 Meter length of cable Keyboards and mice should not exceed 3 Meters 3.0 has no max length but its recommended to be 3 meters or less. 1.1, 2.0 and 3.0 can use the standard USB cable however 3.0 has a unique cable style not compatible with legacy USB ports.

4 Adding additional ports can be done through motherboard header connections, USB hubs or add in expansion cards. Some hubs are self powered and others are bus powered. Bus powered hubs use power connections via the USB connection on the computer Self powered hubs will use an external power source. Should you have a high yield device you may want to consider Self powered hubs. Not all systems have USB ports activated. There is legacy port settings (1.1 standard), on boot or bootable settings etc available within your BIOS. Refer to your system to see what abilities are available. Newer systems will allow for USB boot options

5 Various sockets are available depending on the technology being used i.e type A, type B, Mini etc Can support up to 127 devices per connection port USB Connector types

6 IEEE-1394 (FireWire) Most common version is IEEE 1394a, known as Firewire 400 Max transfer speed of 400Mbps IEEE 1394b or Firewire 800 runs at 800Mbps Usually found on apple products more than windows Cable structure is 6 wire, 4 for data, 2 for power Most popular devices, but not limited to, are external drives and Digital video cameras The standard supports up to 16 devices connected to one port (daisy chain) Expansion can include similar device paths as USB (header ports on the mother board and expansion cards)

7 SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface Support more than Hard drives Scanners, tape drives, printers, hard drives etc Inter connected by daisy chaining Internal as well as external connections available Allow user to choose unique IDs for each device SCSI connector/controller card required (has its own ID number) Narrow SCSI 25 or 50 pin data cable use a set of 3 jumpers or DIP switches to set device ID Uses 0 to 7 for ID bits based in binary 7 usually used for host adapter/controller card Wide SCSI, 68 pin data cable, used a set of 4 jumpers or dip switches to set the ID number Uses 0 to 15 for ID bits based in binary SCSI standards include Fast, ultra, Ultra2, ultra 160, Ultra 320 etc. See table on pg 225 for specs As there are different standards there are many different cables. (see page 226 for graphics on internal and external SCSI cables)

8 COM (Serial) Used to connect the following types of devices External analog modems (dial up), Mouse and other pointing devices, Plotters, Printers, Docking stations, Digital cameras, PC to PC connections Transmission rates for serial = 1 bit at a time Pin outs see tables on pg 233 and 234 Most common types of cables Nul-modem cable Used to connect two pc s together Modem cable Used to connect to an external modem Connections for external modems can be 9 or 25 pin 9 pin and 25 pin use the same signal connections just different pin locations

9 Com Ports Settings for com ports Typical port addresses in hex are listed in table 6-8 pg 236. Com 1 and 3 are considered to be shared ports as they share IRQ 4. Com 2 and 4 are considered to be shared ports as they share IRQ 3. Port addresses for each com port is different but using com 1 and com 3 at the same time may cause IRQ conflicts Not all boards and external com boards use the standard addresses as stated in table 6-8. Configuration for on board com ports is don t through the bios but you are given limited choices for addresses Adding additional com ports Via USB to serial, PCI card or PCI express card Keep in mind these addon smay run with different configurations that the standard onboard types

10 Serial pin connectors

11 LPT (Parallel) LPT Line Printer, commonly called printer, or parallel port. Was a very versatile port supporting technologies such as ZIP driver, tape drives, printers, scanners and optical drives. Printer cables consisted of 25 pin DB male connector to a 36pin Centronics connector that would connect to the printer. Later expansions to the LPT port allowed for daisy chaining devices such as printers and scanners to one port. EPP or Enhanced parallel port uses both IRQ and I/O port address. Used for high speed printers and drives. ECP or Enhance capability port is designed for daisy chaining printers and scanners to a single port. It uses IRQ, I/O port address and DMA channel making this type resource hungry. EPP/ECP allowed a combination of both technologies.

12 Pg 242 table 6-9 lists pin connections Where serial uses a 1 bit at a time transfer parallel will transfer 8 bits at a time. Pg 345 table 6-10 lists 3 LPT ports, IRQ lines and port addresses. Typically only LPT1 is used on most systems. As with serial ports additional ports can be added by expansion cards (PCI and PCI express) or USB to parallel converters.

13 Serial and Parallel ports Easiest way to differentiate the two ports is the Series port is always a male connector and the parallel is always a female connector.

14 PS/2 Mouse and Keyboard Also referred to as mini DIN ports are permanently affixed to the mother board. Only available on ATX and newer form factors These ports are not hot swappable. Before connecting or disconnecting a mouse or KB the system must be powered down. This is in part due to the BIOS has to detect the device to have it active. Typical computers will have 2 ports. Purple and green for Keyboards and mouse. Newer systems my only have one able to run Keyboard or Mouse.(shown as half purple, half green)

15 Audio Number of jacks and capabilities are dependent on the motherboard. Some may have 31/8 th (3.5mm) inch analog jacks but may also have digital capable ports as well. Basic Jack colors are pink (mic), green (audio out) and light blue (aux in) Expanded capability jacks may include Brown and Orange or black for surround sound connections. For expanded capability jacks control is typically set through software within windows or by motherboard manufacturer/sound card manufacturer. Front audio jacks (case) may also have lime green for headphones SPDIF Digital audio (may be 1/8 th or RCA connector). Used to connect to digital in on home sound system/theatre system for true digital audio Optical SPDIF uses fiber-optic cable Coaxial SPDIF uses a shielded cable with RCA connectors.

16 Mouse Can come in many styles and forms Optical, trackball, touch screen, digitizing tablet, touch pads etc are also considered as pointing type devices. USB mice are usually backwards compatible with PS/2 connections. USB to PS/2 connector is needed and mouse will be detected on boot up only. USB mice or similar are detected and installed when windows comes up. Some devices require specialized drivers or software to facilitate expanded capabilities like extra mouse buttons or features. General maintenance for USB mice (typical optical mouse) in the way of cleaning the optical sensor or surface of table etc. Some surfaces will not work well with optical mice as they maybe to reflective. Optical mice use a CMOS sensor to read changes in the movement of the mouse. The comparison of these movements will determine the movement of the mouse pointer on the screen.

17 Keyboard Still the main input device on all PC based home computer systems Connections are via PS/2 or more commonly today through USB. If a KB is connected by way of USB it will be detected and installed by the O/S Should it be connected by PS/2 it must still be connected at boot. There are many types and styles of keyboard ranging but not limited to language, numbers and types of keys and proprietary use. Most common is the 104 Key keyboard which contains all alpha numeric symbols.. A-Z and 0-1 plus some very common ASCII symbols over the number keys. Some keyboard may have multi media capabilities such as Play, Volume control, . Favorites etc. These may be found by windows but for full functionality manufacturer drives and software is needed. Maintenance for Keyboards, similar to mice, is cleaning and blowing out of contaminants from dust to food that may get under the keys.

18 Bar Code Reader Used at point of sale retailers, industrial, medical and other organizations and environments to track inventory. Some come in the form of pen readers, Laser scanners, CCD or CMOS readers (guns) or camera-based readers using images to read the bar codes. Wired bar code readers will connect typically by USB, PS/2 or Serial connections. Regardless of the bar code type the individual devices are setup to read what ever is the common style or styles of bar code or 2 dimensional codes.

19 Touch Screen Based on your display. Allows for you to use your finger as the mouse. Popular for public access, point of sale, gaming machines in restaurants etc. Making a strong presence in the laptop/tablet/cell phone market Connection points create a matrix of sorts that when touched relay a signal to a controller which interprets the location of the touch Kind of a battle ship coordinate locator.

20 Technology for touch screen devices is Four wire resistive technology Lowest cost Five wire resistive technology Similar to four wire but more sensitive and more accurate. Used commonly in point of sale systems Surface wave Uses piezoelectric transducers to create ultrasonic waves. Touching the screen disrupts the waves creating a coordinate to be sent to the computer to make the location pressed. Used for self service applications like banking and kiosks. Can compensate for dirt and surface damage. Touch on tube Used with CRT systems. No overlay is needed. LCDs use simple overlay with air gap between the overlay and panel surface. Scanning infrared A light grid created by infrared signals used to sense touches. Works with plasma as well as other types of displays. Touch screens can connect by way of VGA or DVI video connections. The data signal used for the touch is by way of a Serial or USB connector. (for desktop applications) Setup and installation will vary with the different types of technology. Setup generally requires an alignment phase when you will be asked to touch certain parts of the screen to set the alignment.

21 4 wire touch screen

22 5 wire touch screen

23 Surface wave

24 Touch on tube and scanning infrared

25 KVM Switch KVM = Keyboard Video Mouse, which is a switch allowing a person to connect multiple computers to one Keyboard, Mouse and Video source. Boxes may be as simple as a physical switch box with port connections got KB, Video and mouse. In industrial applications higher port count switches (electronic) are available and can use cat5 cables with specialized ports or connectors to servers. Some KVMs will come as powered devices or passive devices and yet others may have specialized molded cables combining PS/2, USB, and VGA connectors.

26 KVM

27 LAB Dealing with ports

28 Complete any previous labs Install of operating systems Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8 Do not do system updates. Turn off windows updates If you will be going on the web.. Install an antivirus in each O/S.

29 Examine ports Go into device manager, locate and document the different ports USB, Audio, Serial, Parallel, Network etc Note port number bring used and compare to BIOS settings Go into BIOS and disable the various ports listed above, go back into the operating system and note the changes if any.

30 In the BIOS While in the BIOS note various areas and menu locations. What is available, what options can you adjust, what settings are available to you. Note board temperature and CPU temperature, note fan RPMs etc Note CPU core voltages, bus speeds etc. Can you change these, what happens when you make these changes. Once this information is documented compare it to an other computer you have access too. Note the different options available with different BIOS manufacturers. If you have access to more than one system at home compare on those as well. When you have completed the lab load setup or optimal defaults to set the BIOS back to normal.

31 Reading for next week Ch 7 Video Displays and Video Cards Ch 8 Customized PCs and Multimedia Devices