Water Flow Identification and Theft Control of Automated Urban Water Supply

Transcription

1 Water Flow Identification and Theft Control of Automated Urban Water Supply K. SREENIVASA RAO 1 & K. PAVAN KUMAR 2 1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KSRM College of Engineering, Kadapa, India. 2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KSRM College of Engineering, Kadapa, India. id: koppolusreenivas@gmail.com, pavanece_424@yahoo.co.in Abstract: There is a severe water scarcity in several places of India. Even the available water which is being distributed through government pipelines is being sucked by the person who owns water pumping motors in their houses. Drinking water theft is one of the most common and prevailing problem faced by the society. The increasing of the wide urban residential areas imposes the expansion as well as the modernization of the existing water supply facilities. Along with this one more problem is identified in the water supply channels, some people use ½ HP to 1 HP pump to suck the water directly from the channel of their home street. The water theft can be best monitored by the flow variations given by the flow sensors mounted on the distribution channels. The system includes water flow sensors, solenoids, specific transducers and actuators distributed on a wide geographical area and control and power panels for the pump stations. The reliable instrumentation connected to water flow sensors for real time monitoring of the main technological parameters of large water distribution networks. Introduction The water supply systems are part of the urban infrastructure which must assure the continuity of the water distribution, the water quality control and the monitoring and control o f t h e technological process parameters, and deal with the restrictions imposed by the water availability, hydrological conditions, the storage capacity of the tanks and water towers and the increasing diversity of water use [1, 2]. The system includes pumping stations, filtering/chemical treatment utilities, storage tanks and towers, the piping distribution network and the central dispatching unit. The complete SCADA system structure includes one or more central PC main-station (s) that communicates with more PLC s implemented into the pumping stations or RTUs located in control panels throughout the network (pressure and flow measurement or valves remote control). The PLC(s) handle the direct control of the technological process whereas the central dispatching unit user interface- HMI, the treatment of data is implemented by the central PC station, Fig. 2 The reducing of the operating costs and the decrease of the technological water losses is now possible by the implementation of an intelligent control s ys te m wh i c h offers the support for the optimization of the functional exploitation strategy and the optimization of equipment use. The global online supervision of the water distribution network is realized by the central dispatching operator as well as the remote control of the actuators installed into the most important points of the system. According to the requirements of the water flow condition, the pressure and flow transducers are installed in booster stations or measuring points throughout the network. These electronic devices are connected to the RTUs which transmit the data to the central dispatching station in order to offer the possibility to monitor the system dynamic behavior. The RTUs provide the data acquisition from different sensors and transducers (specific for water pressure, flow, level or chemical components concentration) by the digital and analog modules, insure the preliminary signal treatment and wireless data communication to the dispatching unit. Fig-1: Dispatching unit main user interface The SCADA system implemented to the central dispatching unit manages the data communication [3] with all the RTUs and PLCs, stores the received data from the measuring point and from the pumping stations and offer to the operator advanced analysis functions as well as the remote control of the main technological parameters Fig. 2. The computerized system is the support for determining the energetically characteristics of the driving motor and pump units by computing the pump discharge elevation H (total static head) IJAEM SRC. All rights reserved.

2 K. Sreenivasa Rao, K. Pavan Kumar knowing that in a static liquid the pressure difference between any two points is in direct proportion only to the vertical distance between the points: Where p 1G, p 2G are the inlet and outlet pump gauge pressures and h p1, h p2 represent the elevation of the pump inlet suction and outlet discharge related to the reference level; the pump reference elevation is h ρ v 1, v 2 represent the fluid velocities in the inlet/ outlet pump sections. The electromagnetic water flow transducer measurement offer the possibility to calculate the water velocities here d 1, d 2 represents the inlet/outlet pipe diameters. The pump shaft power is Where Q represents the volume capacity of a pump. The efficiency of the pump engine group is Where P ae represents the electrical power demand. Using the measurements of the electrical parameters obtained from the universal powers meters and the hydraulic parameters t h e system calculates t h e energetic s p e c i f i c curves at the rated speed: ¾ ¾ H= H (Q) the load characteristic curve η= η (Q) the efficiency curve; Water Supply Network Structure The data acquired from the remote site panels RTU pole mounted to avoid vandalism, from the pumping stations PLCs and the water reservoirs are transmitted to the dispatching unit computer installed in the water distribution company s headquarter. The computer software system integrates an SCADA application program specifically developed for water distribution management. The program emulates the operator console HMI and the technological user interfaces in order to monitor the pressure measurements points and supervise the correct functioning of the distributed system and elaboration of the remote control of the pumping stations equipment. The dispatching unit SCADA system elaborates daily, monthly, yearly diagrams, tables and reports related to the operator requested parameters. The system stores the acquired data in a specific database for later use analysis and retrieving. Fig-2: Technological parameters of the pumping station The access of the operator to the SCADA system is managed through three levels of restricted access by means of identification codes or password. Low level involves no ID code the operator is authorized to read or print data reports and select the actual user interface using the menu driven selection, Authorization similar to the lowest level but in addition offer the access to proceed the alarm/events acknowledgement, to elaborate the on/off command for the pumping units, open/close for the electric operated valves, selection of functional regime automatic/manual, remote set up of controller set-points and PID parameters and modification of the technological parameters limits, Global authorizations including the access to configure templates, user interfaces, create or change specific reports, technological P&I equipment process pictures, data base definition and to include more digital/analogue input/output parameters. Fig-3: Prototype of the proposed system The SCADA system offers the on line support for the management of the process events, generates alarms, triggers the signals status change, support the operator manoeuvres, elaborates the time

3 Water Flow Identification and Theft Control of Automated Urban Water Supply controlled procedures, Fig. 4. It is possible to define and select the class events to be recorded or retrieved. Analogue measurements and calculations are displayed as digital values in field areas coordinated with the process symbol images and their associated graphical curves. The operator can display the dynamic curves (trend diagrams) or retrieve the recorded data and display them as historical curves. The dispatching unit operator may print out the curves or tables on the graphic printer. Fig4: SCADA system application software structure The events are defined by their own features: the tag number of the signal or variable; the process domain; the alarm or event structured level; specific signal status or logical level to trigger the event recording; analogue parameter technological control set limit. The event attached graphical symbols on user interface announce by the changes on the process images that a certain functional condition is fulfilledthe alarms are me-morized in the SCADA dispatching system within programmable sampling time and saved in a FIFO stack sorted according to priority and occurring time of event. It is possible to acknowledge individually or in groups the alarms through the alarm list. The already acknowledged alarms are deleted from the alarm line and are transferred to the alarm list. The alarms are maintained active on the alarm list, until they are fixed. Alarms are displayed in the graphical process image by their color change and with an alarm identification attachment as a text message. The alarm list is updated dynamically. It is possible to assign o r c h a n g e the alarm priorities to all the selected alarms according to the supervision schedule. The alarm list for display or print follows the sorting criteria imposed by the operator. The operator may change alarm settings for parameter limits under normal operation. All the acknowledged alarms are recorded in the SCADA database accompanied by the time stamp and the operator name. The transitory alarms must also be acknowledged. The SCADA system process the information regarding the operation status of all electrical engines, pumps and electric actuators; valves, the selected functioning regime; the actual position of all remote operated valves and equipment; the operation time and number of starts for all electrical drives. Actual operation status report is online updated in a graphical process user interface on the dispatching console including operation status. Fig-5: Program in GE FANUC Micro PLC The analog parameter configuration programming interface includes extended features for additional limit, for alarms definition related to out of the range upper and lower level limits, local controllers PID parameters and process set points. Complex integrated measurements and algorithm based calculations are performed and presented in the same way as analogue measured parameters. The specific process images for all the water installations and utilities are elaborated as P&I- diagrams simplified for ergonomic display reason. The actual operation is carried out through Windows pop-up pictures, by mouse, keyboard, input fields using the menu driven selection of the operation. In each process graphical user interface it is possible to call out a menu picture which allows displaying technological process images, curves, reports, events, alarms and status lists. The operator is inform about the process parameters measured values, status signals and actual alarms change currently in real time on all the actual user interface in use. The process technological parameters, analogue data acquisition measurements, digital input/output monitored signals and the results of mathematical/algorithm equations are recorded in a SQL database. The data can be exported to different software platforms, enabling the possibility of carrying out future mathematical and statistical computation of both automatically and manual acquired data.

4 K. Sreenivasa Rao, K. Pavan Kumar Communication Support The SCADA system includes equipment distributed geographically within the city area; that is why the cost effective data communication support selected for this specific application is the radio wireless technology for Wide Area Network WAN Figure 6. The WAN use the GSM and its extension GPRS which allows the handling of packet switching traffic. Fig-6: Communication support system The system uses the advantage offered by the GPRS the equipment is always connected to the network and cost charges are made according to the volume tariff not by the time connected. The GSM/GPRS network data transmission capabilities meet the transfer rates requested by the application; it also supports the standard communication protocols, offer the compatibility with other systems and offer the openness to future development. Using the GPRS/3G technology higher transfer rates are provided as well as an effective error correction protocol. This ensures the secure and correct transfer of the data, but introduces data delay as a side effect that influences the data consistency and must be acknowledged in the remote control procedures. The GPRS service is used with fixed IP addresses and a direct IP connection from the network communication service provider. The Transmission and Control Protocol/Internet Protocol developed for the Internet to interconnect specific LANs in a WAN provide the exchange of data irrespective of the source using a routing protocol. Software package for PC includes OPC server and connection manager. The PLCs and RTUs software use a specific programming block library and a permanent, bidirectional wireless online connection via GPRS communication to the main PC and between remote stations. The advantages of the software application solution [4]: On line monitoring of GPRS station connections, Low data communication costs due to optimized transmission with effective frame design; low-cost GPRS volume tariffs allowing permanent and wireless online linking of large area distributed equipment to a dispatching center, Protection against data manipulation and interference through encrypted data package transmission between PLCs and the OPC server of the SCADA computer by means of encryption and scrambling algorithms over closed virtual private networks (VPN), The possibility to lower the operating costs by selectable cyclic or event-based transmission, The easy change of the central dispatching location, No need for expansive radio project and wave propagation measurements, therefore Fast commissioning with low project costs. The OPC (OLE for process control), Figure 5, is a widely accepted industrial communication standard that enables the exchange of data between multi-vendor devices and control applications without any proprietary restrictions. An OPC server can communicate data continuously among PLCs on the operation site, R T U s i n the field, SCADA systems, and software applications implemented on desktop PCs. Even when the hardware and software are from different vendors, OPC compliance makes continuous real-time communication possible offering interfaces and methods for use in process control and manufacturing automation applications to facilitate interoperability. The intelligent devices connected to the RTUs in the important points of the water network insure the supervision of the dynamic functioning of overall system as the direct interface with the process. Fig-7: OPC communication structure

5 Water Flow Identification and Theft Control of Automated Urban Water Supply Conclusion The automated system implemented into the water distribution network insures the update of the refurbished water supply urban utilities; it offers new ways of monitoring and optimized exploitation of the water resources and technological equipments. By using our project we can completely eradicate the water theft in the government pipelines. So that people could get equal share of water. This system is excellent and cost effective to prevent the drinking water from the theft. In future our government is planning to send liquid petroleum gas and other fuels through pipe lines. This project can also be used in the above mentioned sector to prevent theft. References [1]. Stancil, Stoian, and kovacs Urban water supply distributed system, Vol.3, pp , May [2]. G. Badea, Instalatii sanitare, Editura RISOPRINT, Cluj Napoca, vol.5, pp-38-56, [3]. G. Badea, Instalatii de alimentare cuapa, canalizare, sanitare sidegaze, Litografia Universitatii Tehnice, Cluj Napoca, pp-62-04, [4]. Westermo Handbook 5.0, Industrial Data Communication,Industrial Ethernet,pp , [5]. Siemens AG, Automation and Drives Wireless Data Communication based on GPRS, vol.1, pp , [6]. Algodue Elletronica, UPM 304 Manuals, Italy, 2007, [7]. Siemens AG, SIRIUS Soft starters 3 RW 44 manual, pp.86-92, [8]. ProMinent Group, Process Overview Water Supply, vol.1, pp.26-43, 2007.